“癸卯学制”与清末女子教育发展的关系
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摘要
19世纪,随着西方文化传入国内,教会女学广泛设立,"女学"概念开始被国人重视起来。1904年,清廷在"癸卯学制"的《奏定蒙养院章程及家庭教育法章程》中提及女学。中国的女子教育开始悄然发生改变。"癸卯学制"意在限制女子教育的成长,但在其颁布之后,社会上广泛兴起倡兴女学的言论,大量的自办女学堂在全国各地相继成立。种种现象证明,女子教育并未完全因"癸卯学制"而停下发展的脚步,客观上看,"癸卯学制"给予了世人发展国内女学的机会。女子教育已然与民族强盛,国家繁荣紧密联系在一起。自1904年"癸卯学制"颁布至1907年《奏定女学堂章程》颁布,这一时期女学的发展为日后女子教育制度的正式确立打下了夯实的基础,积累了宝贵的经验。
In the 19 th century,with the introduction of western culture into China,Ecclesiastical women's schools are widely established in China,the concept of "female learning"began to be taken seriously by Chinese. In 1904,the Qing government mentioned "female learning"in the "Government-Sanctioned Regulations on Kindergartens and Family Education"of "Guimao School System".The women's education in China was beginning to change quietly. This education system was intended to limit the growth of women's education,but after its enactment,the speech of advocating women's studies is widely spread in the society,a large number of self-organizing female schoolhave been set up all over the country. The phenomenon proves that the women's education did not stop the development because of "Guimao School System". Objectively,it is also means that "Guimao School System"gave the opportunity to develop women's education to people in China. Women 's education is already linked to the prosperity of the nation and country. Since the "Guimao School System"was promulgated in 1904 to the State Regulation on Women's Education issued in 1907,the development of women's education in this period has laid a solid foundation for the establishment of women's education System and accumulated valuable experience.
In the 19 th century,with the introduction of western culture into China,Ecclesiastical women's schools are widely established in China,the concept of "female learning"began to be taken seriously by Chinese. In 1904,the Qing government mentioned "female learning"in the "Government-Sanctioned Regulations on Kindergartens and Family Education"of "Guimao School System".The women's education in China was beginning to change quietly. This education system was intended to limit the growth of women's education,but after its enactment,the speech of advocating women's studies is widely spread in the society,a large number of self-organizing female schoolhave been set up all over the country. The phenomenon proves that the women's education did not stop the development because of "Guimao School System". Objectively,it is also means that "Guimao School System"gave the opportunity to develop women's education to people in China. Women 's education is already linked to the prosperity of the nation and country. Since the "Guimao School System"was promulgated in 1904 to the State Regulation on Women's Education issued in 1907,the development of women's education in this period has laid a solid foundation for the establishment of women's education System and accumulated valuable experience.
引文
[1]黄湘金.“癸卯学制”与晚清女子教育[J].苏州大学学报(教育科学版),2015,(01).
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[3]杨瑞.近代中国基督教教会学校与清末女子教育[J].吉林广播电视大学学报,2007,(02).
[4]谷忠玉.中国近代女性观的演变与女子学校教育[M].合肥:安徽教育出版社,2006.123.
[5]天津拟兴女学议[N].大公报,1902-07-01.
[6]陈元晖主编;璩鑫圭,唐良炎编.中国近代教育史资料汇编学制演变[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2007.398,507,298,492,400.
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[9]论女子教育宜定宗旨[N].顺天时报,1906-04-24.
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[11]竹庄.论中国女学不兴之害[J].女子世界,1904,(03).
[12]请看蒙王福晋热心教育愿借邸第扩充女学堂并添设女工厂[N].顺天时报,1906-3-10.
[13]方君笄.兴女学以复女权说[N].江苏,1903,(03).
[14]康同薇.女学利弊说[N].知新报,1898,(52).
[15]陈文联,刘姗姗.论20世纪初年的“兴女学”思潮[J].衡阳师范学院学报.2015,(02).
[16]论女学关于政治最切[N].顺天时报,1906-3-16.
[17]命妇请兴女学[N].顺天时报,1904-12-17.
[18]两广学务处批女学堂绅董禀请给地拨款由[J].东方杂志,1904,(02).
[19]吕碧城.兴女权贵有坚忍之志[M].吕碧城自述.合肥:安徽文艺出版社,2014:176.
[20]吕碧城.天津女学堂创办简章[N].大公报(天津版),1904-10-3.
[21]自立女工传习所改良章程[N].警钟日报,1905-1-8.
[22]常熟竞化女学校章程[N].警钟日报,1904-10-19.
[23]论中国女学界事[N].顺天时报,1907-3-28.
[2]廖秀真.清末女学在学制上的演进及女子小学教育的发展(一八九七~一九一一)[J].成功大学历史学报,1983,(10).
[3]杨瑞.近代中国基督教教会学校与清末女子教育[J].吉林广播电视大学学报,2007,(02).
[4]谷忠玉.中国近代女性观的演变与女子学校教育[M].合肥:安徽教育出版社,2006.123.
[5]天津拟兴女学议[N].大公报,1902-07-01.
[6]陈元晖主编;璩鑫圭,唐良炎编.中国近代教育史资料汇编学制演变[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2007.398,507,298,492,400.
[7]吕碧城.论提倡女学之宗旨[J].东方杂志,1904,(05).
[8]林乐知.中国振兴女学之亟[N].万国公报,1904,(200).
[9]论女子教育宜定宗旨[N].顺天时报,1906-04-24.
[10]勇立.兴女学议[J].东方杂志,1906,(13).
[11]竹庄.论中国女学不兴之害[J].女子世界,1904,(03).
[12]请看蒙王福晋热心教育愿借邸第扩充女学堂并添设女工厂[N].顺天时报,1906-3-10.
[13]方君笄.兴女学以复女权说[N].江苏,1903,(03).
[14]康同薇.女学利弊说[N].知新报,1898,(52).
[15]陈文联,刘姗姗.论20世纪初年的“兴女学”思潮[J].衡阳师范学院学报.2015,(02).
[16]论女学关于政治最切[N].顺天时报,1906-3-16.
[17]命妇请兴女学[N].顺天时报,1904-12-17.
[18]两广学务处批女学堂绅董禀请给地拨款由[J].东方杂志,1904,(02).
[19]吕碧城.兴女权贵有坚忍之志[M].吕碧城自述.合肥:安徽文艺出版社,2014:176.
[20]吕碧城.天津女学堂创办简章[N].大公报(天津版),1904-10-3.
[21]自立女工传习所改良章程[N].警钟日报,1905-1-8.
[22]常熟竞化女学校章程[N].警钟日报,1904-10-19.
[23]论中国女学界事[N].顺天时报,1907-3-28.