宁夏不同种植年限下硒砂瓜土壤干燥化效应研究
|
摘要
通过对压砂地不同种植年限下土壤干燥化效应进行研究,为宁夏中部旱区压砂地可持续发展提供理论依据。在观测压砂3,8,12,16,25a的土壤含水量的基础上,分析比较不同种植年限下土壤含水量、水分过耗量、干燥化指数、干层厚度等土壤干燥化指标。结果表明:不同年限下0—600cm的土壤含水量、贮水量和有效贮水量的均值分别为11.24%,936.00mm和506.27mm;随种植年限的增加,0—600cm土层平均土壤含水量、贮水量呈递减趋势,水分过耗量逐渐增大;不同种植年限下土壤剖面含水量随土层深度的增加呈先减小后增大最后逐渐平稳的趋势;压砂地土壤干燥化系数为68.29%～162.36%,平均干层厚度为283.33cm,以中度和轻度干燥化强度为主;典型相关性分析发现,经纬度、种植年限、粉粒及砂粒含量等环境因子是影响土壤干燥化指数和土壤干层厚度的重要因素。
The study of soil desiccation in different growth years can provide the theory basis for improving the utilization on the gravel-sand mulched field in the arid zone of central Ningxia.Based on observation of soil moisture contents of fields with 3 years,8 years,12 years,16 years and 25 years of gravel-sand mulch in the arid zone of central Ningxia,soil moisture contents,soil water overuse rate,soil desiccation indexes and thickness of desiccated were calculated,analyzed and compared.The Results showed as follows.Mean soil moisture contents,water storage and available soil water storage were 11.24%,936.00 mm and 506.27 mm in the fields with the gravel-sand mulched under different years of growing watermelon.With the increase of growing years,soil moisture contents,water storage decreased gradually,soil water overuse rate increased gradually in the 0—600 cm soil layer.Soil moisture showed the overall trend that reduced first,then increased and gradually stable in the 0—600 cm soil layer in the fields with different growth years.The soil desiccation index ranged from 70.09%to 162.36%,the average thickness of the desiccated was 283.33 cm,presenting the moderate and mild drying intensities.The canonical correlation analysis showed that environmental factors such as latitude,longitude,growth years,silt and sand content were the significant factors affecting soil desiccation index and thickness of the desiccated layer.
The study of soil desiccation in different growth years can provide the theory basis for improving the utilization on the gravel-sand mulched field in the arid zone of central Ningxia.Based on observation of soil moisture contents of fields with 3 years,8 years,12 years,16 years and 25 years of gravel-sand mulch in the arid zone of central Ningxia,soil moisture contents,soil water overuse rate,soil desiccation indexes and thickness of desiccated were calculated,analyzed and compared.The Results showed as follows.Mean soil moisture contents,water storage and available soil water storage were 11.24%,936.00 mm and 506.27 mm in the fields with the gravel-sand mulched under different years of growing watermelon.With the increase of growing years,soil moisture contents,water storage decreased gradually,soil water overuse rate increased gradually in the 0—600 cm soil layer.Soil moisture showed the overall trend that reduced first,then increased and gradually stable in the 0—600 cm soil layer in the fields with different growth years.The soil desiccation index ranged from 70.09%to 162.36%,the average thickness of the desiccated was 283.33 cm,presenting the moderate and mild drying intensities.The canonical correlation analysis showed that environmental factors such as latitude,longitude,growth years,silt and sand content were the significant factors affecting soil desiccation index and thickness of the desiccated layer.
引文
[1]王占军,蒋齐,何建龙,等.宁夏环香山地区压砂地土壤肥力特征分析[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(2):201-204.
[2] Yang Q,Wang Y,Xie Z.Long-term gravel-sand mulch affects soil physicochemical properties,microbial biomass and enzyme activities in the semiarid Loess Plateau of North-western China[J].Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica,2014,64(4):294-303.
[3]余海龙,黄菊莹.砂田砾石覆盖对土壤大孔隙特征及其土壤水文过程的影响研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(4):281-288.
[4]赵文举,马宏,徐裕,等.模拟降雨条件下压砂地土壤水分入渗规律研究[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):79-84.
[5] Lu H,Yu Z,Horton R,et al.Effect of gravel-sand mulch on soil water and temperature in the semiarid Loess Region of Northwest China[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2013,18(11):1484-1494.
[6]王金牛,谢忠奎,郭志鸿,等.砂田退化对土壤温度和蒸发影响的模拟研究[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(2):388-393.
[7] Wang Y,Shao M,Liu Z.Large-scale spatial variability of dried soil layers and related factors across the entire Loess Plateau of China[J].Geoderma,2010,159(1):99-108.
[8] Shen Y Y,Li L L,Wen C,et al.Soil water,soil nitrogen and productivity of lucerne-wheat sequences on deep silt loams in a summer dominant rainfall environment[J].Field Crops Research,2009,111(1):97-108.
[9]罗珠珠,李玲玲,牛伊宁,等.陇中黄土高原半干旱区苜蓿地土壤干燥化特征及适宜种植年限[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(10):3059-3065.
[10]邵明安,贾小旭,王云强,等.黄土高原土壤干层研究进展与展望[J].地球科学进展,2016,31(1):14-22.
[11] Chen H,Shao M,Li Y.Soil desiccation in the Loess Plateau of China[J].Geoderma,2008,143(1):91-100.
[12]潘占兵,张龙,杨瑞,等.黄土高原土壤旱化研究综述[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(6):287-291.
[13]缪凌,董建国,汪有科,等.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用类型下的深层土壤水分变化特征[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):14-18.
[14]李玉山.苜蓿生产力动态及其水分生态环境效应[J].土壤学报,2002,39(3):404-411.
[15] Li L L,Huang G B,Zhang R Z,et al.Effects of lucerne removal time on soil water and productivity in a lucerne-wheat rotation on the western Loess Plateau[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2011,37(4):686-693.
[16]程积民,万惠娥,王静.黄土丘陵区紫花苜蓿生长与土壤水分变化[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(3):435-438.
[17]包睿,邹养军,马锋旺,等.种植年限及密度对渭北旱塬苹果园深层土壤干燥化的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(15):143-149.
[18]曹裕,李军,张社红,等.黄土高原苹果园深层土壤干燥化特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(15):72-79.
[19]李青华,张静,王力,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区山地苹果林土壤干化及养分变异特征[J].土壤学报,2018,55(2):503-514.
[20]程积民,万惠娥,王静,等.半干旱区柠条生长与土壤水分消耗过程研究[J].林业科学,2005,41(2):37-41.
[21]刘丙霞.黄土区典型灌草植被土壤水分时空分布及其植被承载力研究[D].陕西杨凌:教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,2015.
[22]杨磊,卫伟,陈利顶,等.半干旱黄土丘陵区人工植被深层土壤干化效应[J].地理研究,2012,31(1):71-81.
[23]李军,陈兵,李小芳,等.黄土高原不同植被类型区人工林地深层土壤干燥化效应[J].生态学报,2008,28(4):1429-1445.
[24]苏子龙,张光辉,于艳.东北典型黑土区不同土地利用方式土壤水分动态变化特征[J].地理科学,2013,33(9):1104-1110.
[25]关红杰.砂石覆盖对土壤入渗及蒸发的影响[D].陕西杨凌:教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,2019.
[26]王云强.黄土高原地区土壤干层的空间分布与影响因素[D].陕西杨凌:教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,2010.
[27]陈洪松,邵明安,王克林.黄土区深层土壤干燥化与土壤水分循环特征[J].生态学报,2005,25(10):2491-2498.
[28]张晨成,邵明安,王云强.黄土区坡面尺度不同植被类型下土壤干层的空间分布[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(17):102-108.
[2] Yang Q,Wang Y,Xie Z.Long-term gravel-sand mulch affects soil physicochemical properties,microbial biomass and enzyme activities in the semiarid Loess Plateau of North-western China[J].Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica,2014,64(4):294-303.
[3]余海龙,黄菊莹.砂田砾石覆盖对土壤大孔隙特征及其土壤水文过程的影响研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(4):281-288.
[4]赵文举,马宏,徐裕,等.模拟降雨条件下压砂地土壤水分入渗规律研究[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):79-84.
[5] Lu H,Yu Z,Horton R,et al.Effect of gravel-sand mulch on soil water and temperature in the semiarid Loess Region of Northwest China[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2013,18(11):1484-1494.
[6]王金牛,谢忠奎,郭志鸿,等.砂田退化对土壤温度和蒸发影响的模拟研究[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(2):388-393.
[7] Wang Y,Shao M,Liu Z.Large-scale spatial variability of dried soil layers and related factors across the entire Loess Plateau of China[J].Geoderma,2010,159(1):99-108.
[8] Shen Y Y,Li L L,Wen C,et al.Soil water,soil nitrogen and productivity of lucerne-wheat sequences on deep silt loams in a summer dominant rainfall environment[J].Field Crops Research,2009,111(1):97-108.
[9]罗珠珠,李玲玲,牛伊宁,等.陇中黄土高原半干旱区苜蓿地土壤干燥化特征及适宜种植年限[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(10):3059-3065.
[10]邵明安,贾小旭,王云强,等.黄土高原土壤干层研究进展与展望[J].地球科学进展,2016,31(1):14-22.
[11] Chen H,Shao M,Li Y.Soil desiccation in the Loess Plateau of China[J].Geoderma,2008,143(1):91-100.
[12]潘占兵,张龙,杨瑞,等.黄土高原土壤旱化研究综述[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(6):287-291.
[13]缪凌,董建国,汪有科,等.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用类型下的深层土壤水分变化特征[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):14-18.
[14]李玉山.苜蓿生产力动态及其水分生态环境效应[J].土壤学报,2002,39(3):404-411.
[15] Li L L,Huang G B,Zhang R Z,et al.Effects of lucerne removal time on soil water and productivity in a lucerne-wheat rotation on the western Loess Plateau[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2011,37(4):686-693.
[16]程积民,万惠娥,王静.黄土丘陵区紫花苜蓿生长与土壤水分变化[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(3):435-438.
[17]包睿,邹养军,马锋旺,等.种植年限及密度对渭北旱塬苹果园深层土壤干燥化的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(15):143-149.
[18]曹裕,李军,张社红,等.黄土高原苹果园深层土壤干燥化特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(15):72-79.
[19]李青华,张静,王力,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区山地苹果林土壤干化及养分变异特征[J].土壤学报,2018,55(2):503-514.
[20]程积民,万惠娥,王静,等.半干旱区柠条生长与土壤水分消耗过程研究[J].林业科学,2005,41(2):37-41.
[21]刘丙霞.黄土区典型灌草植被土壤水分时空分布及其植被承载力研究[D].陕西杨凌:教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,2015.
[22]杨磊,卫伟,陈利顶,等.半干旱黄土丘陵区人工植被深层土壤干化效应[J].地理研究,2012,31(1):71-81.
[23]李军,陈兵,李小芳,等.黄土高原不同植被类型区人工林地深层土壤干燥化效应[J].生态学报,2008,28(4):1429-1445.
[24]苏子龙,张光辉,于艳.东北典型黑土区不同土地利用方式土壤水分动态变化特征[J].地理科学,2013,33(9):1104-1110.
[25]关红杰.砂石覆盖对土壤入渗及蒸发的影响[D].陕西杨凌:教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,2019.
[26]王云强.黄土高原地区土壤干层的空间分布与影响因素[D].陕西杨凌:教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,2010.
[27]陈洪松,邵明安,王克林.黄土区深层土壤干燥化与土壤水分循环特征[J].生态学报,2005,25(10):2491-2498.
[28]张晨成,邵明安,王云强.黄土区坡面尺度不同植被类型下土壤干层的空间分布[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(17):102-108.