饲粮菊糖添加水平对肉仔鸡消化代谢及非特异性免疫功能的影响
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摘要
为探讨饲粮菊糖添加水平对肉仔鸡消化代谢及非特异性免疫功能的影响,采用单因素完全随机化设计,选取300只1日龄AA+肉仔鸡,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在对照组中添加0.5,1.5,2.5,5g·kg~(-1)的菊糖,饲养试验6周,采用全收粪法进行代谢试验。结果表明:饲粮添加菊糖极显著提高了肉仔鸡干物质的代谢率和表观代谢能(p<0.01)。5g·kg~(-1)菊糖添加组显著提高了肉仔鸡十二指肠淀粉酶和空肠胰蛋白酶活性(p<0.05)。1.5g·kg~(-1)和2.5g·kg~(-1)菊糖添加组腺胃内容物p H值极显著低于对照组(p<0.01),而十二指肠绒毛高度显著高于对照组(p<0.05);饲粮添加菊糖对肉仔鸡免疫器官指数无显著影响(p>0.05),但1.5~5g·kg~(-1)菊糖添加组显著提高了肉仔鸡血清白蛋白浓度,1.5g·kg~(-1)菊糖添加组肉仔鸡血清溶菌酶含量最高(335.89 U·m L-1),较对照组提高78.55%(p<0.05);2.5g·kg~(-1)菊糖添加组肉仔鸡血清抗菌肽活性最高,较对照组提高84.30%(p<0.05),饲粮添加菊糖对肉仔鸡血清碱性磷酸酶和补体活性无显著影响(p>0.05)。综上,在本试验条件下,饲粮添加2.5~5g·kg~(-1)菊糖有利于肉仔鸡养分的消化和代谢,提高了机体的非特异性免疫功能。
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of inulin supplementation levels on digestion, metabolism and nonspecific immunity in broilers. A single-factor completely random design was used and a total of 300 one-day-old AA+ broilers were randomly allocated into five groups with six replicates and given a maize-soybean basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.5,1.5, 2.5 and 5 g·kg~(-1) of inulin during the 42 days of experiment. The metabolic test was performed by the method of total fecal collection. The results showed as follows:(1) addition of inulin to basal diet significantly increased the apparent metabolic rate of dry matter, and metabolizable energy(p <0.01). Addition of 5 g·kg~(-1) inulin to basal diet significantly increased the activities of amylase in duodenal digesta and trypsin in jejunal digesta(p <0.05). Addition of 1.5 g·kg~(-1), 2.5 g·kg~(-1) inulin to basal diet significantly decreased the p H value of glandular stomach digesta than that of control group(p<0.01). Moreover, the villus height of duodenum was significantly higher than that of control glandular stomach.(2) Inulin inclusion had no significantly effect on immune organ index of broilers(p >0.05), but addition of 1.5-5 g·kg~(-1) inulin to basal diet significantly increased the serum albumin concentration. The serum lysozyme content of broilers in 1.5 g·kg~(-1) inulin addition group was the highest(335.89 U·m L-1)which was higher than that of the control group by 78.55%(p<0.05). The serum antibacterial peptide activity was the highest in broilers fed with 2.5 g·kg~(-1) of inulin, which increased by 84.30% compared with the control group(p <0.05). Whereas serum alkaline phosphatase and complement activities of broilers were not influenced by the dietary inclusions of inulin(p>0.05). Thus,results from the current study suggested that addition of 2.5-5 g·kg~(-1) inulin to basal diet may have the beneficial effects on improving digestion and metabolism of nutrients, and enhancing intestinal immune function of broilers.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of inulin supplementation levels on digestion, metabolism and nonspecific immunity in broilers. A single-factor completely random design was used and a total of 300 one-day-old AA+ broilers were randomly allocated into five groups with six replicates and given a maize-soybean basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.5,1.5, 2.5 and 5 g·kg~(-1) of inulin during the 42 days of experiment. The metabolic test was performed by the method of total fecal collection. The results showed as follows:(1) addition of inulin to basal diet significantly increased the apparent metabolic rate of dry matter, and metabolizable energy(p <0.01). Addition of 5 g·kg~(-1) inulin to basal diet significantly increased the activities of amylase in duodenal digesta and trypsin in jejunal digesta(p <0.05). Addition of 1.5 g·kg~(-1), 2.5 g·kg~(-1) inulin to basal diet significantly decreased the p H value of glandular stomach digesta than that of control group(p<0.01). Moreover, the villus height of duodenum was significantly higher than that of control glandular stomach.(2) Inulin inclusion had no significantly effect on immune organ index of broilers(p >0.05), but addition of 1.5-5 g·kg~(-1) inulin to basal diet significantly increased the serum albumin concentration. The serum lysozyme content of broilers in 1.5 g·kg~(-1) inulin addition group was the highest(335.89 U·m L-1)which was higher than that of the control group by 78.55%(p<0.05). The serum antibacterial peptide activity was the highest in broilers fed with 2.5 g·kg~(-1) of inulin, which increased by 84.30% compared with the control group(p <0.05). Whereas serum alkaline phosphatase and complement activities of broilers were not influenced by the dietary inclusions of inulin(p>0.05). Thus,results from the current study suggested that addition of 2.5-5 g·kg~(-1) inulin to basal diet may have the beneficial effects on improving digestion and metabolism of nutrients, and enhancing intestinal immune function of broilers.
引文
[1]MENSINK M A,FRIJLINK H W,VAN DER VOORT MAARSCHALK K,et al.Inulin,a flexible oligosaccharide I:Review of its physicochemical characteristics[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2015,44:405-419.
[2]ALZUETA C,RODR魱GUEZ M L,ORTIZ L T,et al.Effects of inulin on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and metabolisable energy in broiler chickens[J].British Poultry Science,2010,51(3):393-398.
[3]SWIATKIEWICZ S,KORELESKI J,ARCZEWSKAW?OSEK A.Effect of inulin and oligofructose on performance and bone characteristics of broiler chickens fed on diets with different concentrations of calcium and phosphorus[J].British Poultry Science,2011,52(4):483.
[4]王琪,管倩侽,杨桂芹,等.饲粮添加菊糖对肉仔鸡生长性能、排泄物及肠道主要臭气化合物浓度的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(12):3875-3884.
[5]CARPENTIER A F,CHEN L,MALTONTI F,et al.Oligodeoxynucleotides containing Cp G motifs can induce rejection of a neuroblastoma in mice[J].Cancer Research,1999,59(21):5429-5432.
[6]宫强,阮梦蝶,马丽苹,等.菊粉对小鼠的免疫调节作用[J].食品科学,2016,37(7):204-207.
[7]王中华,周德忠.菊粉对肉仔鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响[J].饲料研究,2012(2):55-57.
[8]上官明军,王芳,张红岗,等.菊粉对蛋雏鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数和血清免疫球蛋白的影响[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(1):118-122.
[9]李海英,张俐华,翟卫爽,等.菊粉替代饲用抗生素对白羽肉鸡生产性能和免疫器官指数的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2014,51(3):558-563.
[10]王红芹,吕建存.低聚果糖与中草药饲料添加剂对育肥猪消化率的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2008(8):43-44.
[11]赵峰,蒋芳,夏中生,等.果寡糖对黄羽肉鸡种鸡产蛋性能、血清生化指标和饲粮养分代谢率的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2014,12(6):56-60.
[12]侯瑞.菊糖和大豆寡糖对体外条件下肉仔鸡粪臭素产量及肠道菌群的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2015.
[13]杨凤.动物营养[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
[14]REHMAN H,HELLWEG P,TARAS D,et al.Effects of dietary inulin on the intestinal short chain fatty acids and microbial ecology in broiler chickens as revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis[J].Poultry Science,2008,87:783-789.
[15]AWAD W A,GHAREEB K,B魻HM J.Evaluation of the chicory inulin efficacy on ameliorating the intestinal morphology and modulating the intestinal electrophysiological properties in broiler chickens[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2011,95(1):65-72.
[16]NABIZADEH A.The effect of inulin on broiler chicken intestinal microflora,gut morphology,and performance[J].Journal of Animal&Feed Sciences,2012,21(4):725-734.
[17]SHANG Y,REGASSA A,KIM J H,et al.The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance,intestinal morphology,and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides[J].Poultry Science,2015,94(12):2887-2897.
[18]魏轶男,黄倩倩,吕亚军,等.菊粉对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数及抗氧化指标的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(11):13-18.
[19]冯自科.果寡糖对江村黄鸡作用机理的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2003.
[20]BUC覥AW M.The use of inulin in poultry feeding:a review[J].Journal of Animal Physiology&Animal Nutrition,2016,100(6):1015-1022.
[21]扶国才,贺生中,罗有文,等.低聚木糖对生长猪免疫功能和血液生化指标的影响[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2009,30(3):50-53.
[22]刘爱君,冷向军,李小勤,等.甘露寡糖对奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus)生长、肠道结构和非特异性免疫的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2009,35(3):329-336.
[23]白东英,马彦博,邓雯,等.果寡糖对固鸡体液免疫和血清溶菌酶活性的影响[J].饲料研究,2009,37(2):131-133.
[24]李冠楠,夏雪娟,隆耀航,等.抗菌肽的研究进展及其应用[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(1):17-25.
[25]DIAMOND G,BECKLOFF N,WEINBERG A,et al.The roles of antimicrobial peptides in innate host defense[J].Current Pharmaceutical Design,2009,15(21):2377-2392.
[2]ALZUETA C,RODR魱GUEZ M L,ORTIZ L T,et al.Effects of inulin on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and metabolisable energy in broiler chickens[J].British Poultry Science,2010,51(3):393-398.
[3]SWIATKIEWICZ S,KORELESKI J,ARCZEWSKAW?OSEK A.Effect of inulin and oligofructose on performance and bone characteristics of broiler chickens fed on diets with different concentrations of calcium and phosphorus[J].British Poultry Science,2011,52(4):483.
[4]王琪,管倩侽,杨桂芹,等.饲粮添加菊糖对肉仔鸡生长性能、排泄物及肠道主要臭气化合物浓度的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(12):3875-3884.
[5]CARPENTIER A F,CHEN L,MALTONTI F,et al.Oligodeoxynucleotides containing Cp G motifs can induce rejection of a neuroblastoma in mice[J].Cancer Research,1999,59(21):5429-5432.
[6]宫强,阮梦蝶,马丽苹,等.菊粉对小鼠的免疫调节作用[J].食品科学,2016,37(7):204-207.
[7]王中华,周德忠.菊粉对肉仔鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响[J].饲料研究,2012(2):55-57.
[8]上官明军,王芳,张红岗,等.菊粉对蛋雏鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数和血清免疫球蛋白的影响[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(1):118-122.
[9]李海英,张俐华,翟卫爽,等.菊粉替代饲用抗生素对白羽肉鸡生产性能和免疫器官指数的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2014,51(3):558-563.
[10]王红芹,吕建存.低聚果糖与中草药饲料添加剂对育肥猪消化率的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2008(8):43-44.
[11]赵峰,蒋芳,夏中生,等.果寡糖对黄羽肉鸡种鸡产蛋性能、血清生化指标和饲粮养分代谢率的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2014,12(6):56-60.
[12]侯瑞.菊糖和大豆寡糖对体外条件下肉仔鸡粪臭素产量及肠道菌群的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2015.
[13]杨凤.动物营养[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
[14]REHMAN H,HELLWEG P,TARAS D,et al.Effects of dietary inulin on the intestinal short chain fatty acids and microbial ecology in broiler chickens as revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis[J].Poultry Science,2008,87:783-789.
[15]AWAD W A,GHAREEB K,B魻HM J.Evaluation of the chicory inulin efficacy on ameliorating the intestinal morphology and modulating the intestinal electrophysiological properties in broiler chickens[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2011,95(1):65-72.
[16]NABIZADEH A.The effect of inulin on broiler chicken intestinal microflora,gut morphology,and performance[J].Journal of Animal&Feed Sciences,2012,21(4):725-734.
[17]SHANG Y,REGASSA A,KIM J H,et al.The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance,intestinal morphology,and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides[J].Poultry Science,2015,94(12):2887-2897.
[18]魏轶男,黄倩倩,吕亚军,等.菊粉对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数及抗氧化指标的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(11):13-18.
[19]冯自科.果寡糖对江村黄鸡作用机理的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2003.
[20]BUC覥AW M.The use of inulin in poultry feeding:a review[J].Journal of Animal Physiology&Animal Nutrition,2016,100(6):1015-1022.
[21]扶国才,贺生中,罗有文,等.低聚木糖对生长猪免疫功能和血液生化指标的影响[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2009,30(3):50-53.
[22]刘爱君,冷向军,李小勤,等.甘露寡糖对奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus)生长、肠道结构和非特异性免疫的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2009,35(3):329-336.
[23]白东英,马彦博,邓雯,等.果寡糖对固鸡体液免疫和血清溶菌酶活性的影响[J].饲料研究,2009,37(2):131-133.
[24]李冠楠,夏雪娟,隆耀航,等.抗菌肽的研究进展及其应用[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(1):17-25.
[25]DIAMOND G,BECKLOFF N,WEINBERG A,et al.The roles of antimicrobial peptides in innate host defense[J].Current Pharmaceutical Design,2009,15(21):2377-2392.