饲粮添加壳寡糖对肉鸡肉品质、抗氧化性能、小肠黏膜组织结构及肠道菌群的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮添加壳寡糖(COS)对肉鸡肉品质、抗氧化性能、小肠黏膜组织结构及肠道菌群的影响。选用300只1日龄健康的爱拔益加(AA)雄性肉鸡,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。空白对照组饲喂不含抗生素的基础饲粮,正对照组饲喂添加100 mg/kg金霉素的基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加50、100和150 mg/kg COS的基础饲粮。试验期42 d。结果表明,与空白对照组相比:1)饲粮添加100 mg/kg COS显著提高了胸肌和腿肌的红度(a*)值(P<0.05)。2)饲粮添加50和100 mg/kg COS显著提高了1~21日龄血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性(P<0.05),饲粮添加100 mg/kg COS显著提高了22~42日龄血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和T-SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05),饲粮添加50 mg/kg COS显著提高了22~42日龄血清T-SOD和GSH-Px活性(P<0.05)。3)饲粮添加100 mg/kg COS显著提高了1~21日龄和22~42日龄空肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度(P<0.05)。4)饲粮添加50和100 mg/kg COS显著降低了回肠大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05)。5)饲粮添加100 mg/kg COS显著提高了肉鸡的平均日增重(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加COS可提高肉鸡抗氧化性能,改善肉鸡肉品质和肠黏膜组织结构,并在一定程度上改善肠道菌群结构。COS在肉鸡饲粮中的适宜添加量为100 mg/kg。
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide( COS) on meat quality,antioxidant activity,intestinal mucosal structure and intestinal flora of broilers. A total of 300 one-day-old healthy Arbor Acres( AA) male broilers were randomly allotted to 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 birds per replicate. The blank control group was fed a basal diet without any antibiotic,the positive control group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg chlortetracycline,and the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 50,100 and 150 mg/kg COS,respectively. The experiment lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows,compared with the blank control group: 1) dietary supplemented with 100 mg/kg COS significantly increased the redness( a*) value of breast muscle and thigh muscle( P<0.05). 2) Dietary supplemented with 50 and 100 mg/kg COS significantly increased the serum total superoxide dismutase( T-SOD) activity during 1 to 21 days of age( P < 0. 05),dietary supplemented with100 mg/kg of COS significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity( T-AOC),T-SOD activity and glutathione peroxides( GSH-Px) activity in serum during 22 to 42 days of age( P<0.05),dietary supplemented with 50 mg/kg COS significantly increased serum T-SOD and GSH-Px activities during 22 to 42 days of age( P<0.05). 3) Dietary supplemented with 100 mg/kg COS significantly increased the villous height and villous height/crypt depth of jejunum during 1 to 21 days of age and 22 to 42 days of age( P<0.05). 4) Dietary supplemented with 50 and 100 mg/kg COS significantly decreased the ileal Escherichia coli number( P<0.05).5) Dietary supplemented with 100 mg/kg COS significantly increased the average daily gain of broilers( P<0.05). It can be concluded that dietary COS can increase antioxidant activity,improve meat quality and intestinal mucosal structure,and improve the intestinal flora structure to a certain extent of broilers. The optimum supplemental level of COS in diet for broilers is 100 mg/kg.
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide( COS) on meat quality,antioxidant activity,intestinal mucosal structure and intestinal flora of broilers. A total of 300 one-day-old healthy Arbor Acres( AA) male broilers were randomly allotted to 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 birds per replicate. The blank control group was fed a basal diet without any antibiotic,the positive control group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg chlortetracycline,and the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 50,100 and 150 mg/kg COS,respectively. The experiment lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows,compared with the blank control group: 1) dietary supplemented with 100 mg/kg COS significantly increased the redness( a*) value of breast muscle and thigh muscle( P<0.05). 2) Dietary supplemented with 50 and 100 mg/kg COS significantly increased the serum total superoxide dismutase( T-SOD) activity during 1 to 21 days of age( P < 0. 05),dietary supplemented with100 mg/kg of COS significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity( T-AOC),T-SOD activity and glutathione peroxides( GSH-Px) activity in serum during 22 to 42 days of age( P<0.05),dietary supplemented with 50 mg/kg COS significantly increased serum T-SOD and GSH-Px activities during 22 to 42 days of age( P<0.05). 3) Dietary supplemented with 100 mg/kg COS significantly increased the villous height and villous height/crypt depth of jejunum during 1 to 21 days of age and 22 to 42 days of age( P<0.05). 4) Dietary supplemented with 50 and 100 mg/kg COS significantly decreased the ileal Escherichia coli number( P<0.05).5) Dietary supplemented with 100 mg/kg COS significantly increased the average daily gain of broilers( P<0.05). It can be concluded that dietary COS can increase antioxidant activity,improve meat quality and intestinal mucosal structure,and improve the intestinal flora structure to a certain extent of broilers. The optimum supplemental level of COS in diet for broilers is 100 mg/kg.
引文
[1]王吉潭,李德发,龚利敏,等.半乳甘露寡糖对肉鸡生产性能和免疫机能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2003,39(2):5-7.
[2]陈海燕,张彬,何勇松.壳寡糖的研究进展和应用前景[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2007,32(6):17-20.
[3]祁东风,闫冰雪,李海静,等.壳寡糖的生理功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用[J].饲料研究,2016(8):18-21.
[4]TOMIDA H,FUJII T,FURUTANI N,et al.Antioxidant properties of som e different m olecular w eight chitosans[J].Carbohydrate Research,2009,344(13):1690-1696.
[5]YEN M T,YANG J H,MAU J L.Antioxidant properties of chitosan from crab shells[J].Carbohydrate Polym ers,2008,74(4):840-844.
[6]ZHOU T X,CHEN Y J,YOO J S,et al.Effects of chitooligosaccharide supplem entation on perform ance,blood characteristics,relative organ w eight,and m eat quality in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2009,88(3):593-600.
[7]HUANG R L,DENG Z Y,YANG C B,et al.Dietary oligochitosan supplem entation enhances im m une status of broilers[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2007,87(1):153-159.
[8]闫冰雪.壳寡糖对肉仔鸡生产性能、屠宰性能、免疫指标及骨骼参数的影响[D].硕士学位论文.郑州:河南农业大学,2015.
[9]游金明,瞿明仁,王自蕊,等.壳寡糖与金霉素在肉仔鸡生长性能上的对比效应[J].江西农业大学学报,2008,30(1):94-98.
[10]周赵英.大鲵蛙病毒生物学特性及其感染的病理学研究[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2013.
[11]岳随娟,刘建,龚加顺.普洱茶茶褐素对大鼠肠道菌群的影响[J].茶叶科学,2016,36(3):261-267.
[12]李阳.壳寡糖和干酪乳杆菌对肉鸡肉品质和脂肪代谢的影响及其作用机理[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2016.
[13]宋涛.日粮中不同水平壳寡糖对北京鸭生长性能、脂肪沉积以及肉品质的影响[D].硕士学位论文.武汉:华中农业大学,2005.
[14]OTTO G,乔莉娟.猪肉滴水损失不同测定方法的比较以及与猪肉品质和胴体性状的关系[J].中国畜牧兽医,2004,31(11):43.
[15]马彦博,白东英,董淑丽,等.果寡糖对固始鸡生产性能、胴体组成和肉品质的影响[J].中国饲料,2006(20):16-18,21.
[16]HALLIWELL B,WHITEMAN M.Measuring reactive species and oxidative dam age in vivo and in cell culture:how should you do it and w hat do the results m ean?[J].British Journal of Pharm acology,2004,142(2):231-255.
[17]黄凤华,郑新民,张元珍,等.诊断超声波照射对大鼠睾丸总抗氧化能力、丙二醛及脂质过氧化物酶水平和生殖细胞凋亡的影响[J].武汉大学学报:医学版,2007,28(1):85-88.
[18]寇庆,梁咪娟,陶亮亮.酵母硒对肉鸡组织硒含量及抗氧化能力的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2012,12(1):48-50.
[19]臧珉,陈斌.壳寡糖抑菌及抗氧化性的研究[J].中国野生植物资源,2016,35(6):27-30,38.
[20]李阳,常文环,张姝,等.饲粮添加壳寡糖和干酪乳杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、肌肉品质及抗氧化性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(5):1450-1461.
[21]龙次民,吴信,范志勇,等.妊娠后期日粮中添加壳寡糖对母猪繁殖性能和母-仔猪抗氧化能力的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第七届中国饲料营养学术研讨会论文集.郑州:中国畜牧兽医学会,2014.
[22]李晓晶.壳寡糖对肉仔鸡促生长、免疫调节和抗氧化作用的研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2007.
[23]KIM K W,THOMAS R L.Antioxidative activity of chitosans w ith varying m olecular w eights[J].Food Chem istry,2007,101(1):308-313.
[24]FENG T,DU Y,LI J,et al.Antioxidant activity of half N-acetylated w ater-soluble chitosan in vitro[J].European Food Research and Technology,2007,225(1):133-138.
[25]TAO S,ZHOU D X,XIE J L,et al.Preparation of chitosan oligom ers and their antioxidant activity[J].European Food Research and Technology,2007,225(3/4):451-456.
[26]CASPARY W F.Physiology and pathophysiology of intestinal absorption[J].Am erican Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1992,55(1S):299S-308S.
[27]王子旭,佘锐萍,陈越,等.日粮锌硒水平对肉鸡小肠黏膜结构的影响[J].中国兽医科技.2003,33(7):18-21.
[28]赵乾宇.饲养密度对笼养蛋鸡小肠组织结构和盲肠细菌种群的影响[D].硕士学位论文.大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2015.
[29]王秀武,杜昱光,白雪芳,等.壳寡糖对肉仔鸡肠道主要菌群、小肠微绒毛密度、免疫功能及生产性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2003,15(4):32-35.
[30]田娟,孙立威,文华,等.壳寡糖对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、前肠组织结构及肠道主要菌群的影响[J].中国水产科学,2013,20(3):561-568.
[31]STEINHOFF U.Who controls the crowd?New findings and old questions about the intestinal m icroflora[J].Immunology Letters,2005,99(1):12-16.
[32]杨汝德,李武明,许燕滨.动物和人类的肠道菌群的形成及其意义[J].微生物学杂志,1998(1):52-55.
[33]GOPHNA U,SOMMERFELD K,GOPHNA S,et al.Differences betw een tissue-associated intestinal m icrofloras of patients w ith crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis[J].Journal of Clinical M icrobiology,2006,44(11):4136-4141.
[34]刘卫东,宋素芳,程璞.甘露寡糖和益生菌对肉仔鸡生产性能和肠道菌群的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2011,32(1):32-35.
[35]袁缨,闫际平,陈立华,等.不同寡糖对肉仔鸡肠道主要菌群和免疫器官指数的影响[J].中国饲料,2007(15):15-17.
[36]张厂,胡先勤,郭福有,等.果寡糖对肉鸡生产性能、肠道菌群、消化酶活性及屠宰性能的影响[J].中国家禽,2007,29(15):14-16.
[37]连国琦,周笑犁,孔祥峰,等.壳寡糖对环江香猪生化参数及肠道菌群组成的影响[J].天然产物研究与开发,2012,24(11):1605-1609.
[38]徐贵珠.壳寡糖和茶多糖对中华绒螯蟹生长性能、免疫和抗氧化能力的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2014.
[39]夏文水,吴焱楠.甲壳低聚糖功能性质[J].食品与生物技术学报,1996(4):297-302.
[2]陈海燕,张彬,何勇松.壳寡糖的研究进展和应用前景[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2007,32(6):17-20.
[3]祁东风,闫冰雪,李海静,等.壳寡糖的生理功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用[J].饲料研究,2016(8):18-21.
[4]TOMIDA H,FUJII T,FURUTANI N,et al.Antioxidant properties of som e different m olecular w eight chitosans[J].Carbohydrate Research,2009,344(13):1690-1696.
[5]YEN M T,YANG J H,MAU J L.Antioxidant properties of chitosan from crab shells[J].Carbohydrate Polym ers,2008,74(4):840-844.
[6]ZHOU T X,CHEN Y J,YOO J S,et al.Effects of chitooligosaccharide supplem entation on perform ance,blood characteristics,relative organ w eight,and m eat quality in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2009,88(3):593-600.
[7]HUANG R L,DENG Z Y,YANG C B,et al.Dietary oligochitosan supplem entation enhances im m une status of broilers[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2007,87(1):153-159.
[8]闫冰雪.壳寡糖对肉仔鸡生产性能、屠宰性能、免疫指标及骨骼参数的影响[D].硕士学位论文.郑州:河南农业大学,2015.
[9]游金明,瞿明仁,王自蕊,等.壳寡糖与金霉素在肉仔鸡生长性能上的对比效应[J].江西农业大学学报,2008,30(1):94-98.
[10]周赵英.大鲵蛙病毒生物学特性及其感染的病理学研究[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2013.
[11]岳随娟,刘建,龚加顺.普洱茶茶褐素对大鼠肠道菌群的影响[J].茶叶科学,2016,36(3):261-267.
[12]李阳.壳寡糖和干酪乳杆菌对肉鸡肉品质和脂肪代谢的影响及其作用机理[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2016.
[13]宋涛.日粮中不同水平壳寡糖对北京鸭生长性能、脂肪沉积以及肉品质的影响[D].硕士学位论文.武汉:华中农业大学,2005.
[14]OTTO G,乔莉娟.猪肉滴水损失不同测定方法的比较以及与猪肉品质和胴体性状的关系[J].中国畜牧兽医,2004,31(11):43.
[15]马彦博,白东英,董淑丽,等.果寡糖对固始鸡生产性能、胴体组成和肉品质的影响[J].中国饲料,2006(20):16-18,21.
[16]HALLIWELL B,WHITEMAN M.Measuring reactive species and oxidative dam age in vivo and in cell culture:how should you do it and w hat do the results m ean?[J].British Journal of Pharm acology,2004,142(2):231-255.
[17]黄凤华,郑新民,张元珍,等.诊断超声波照射对大鼠睾丸总抗氧化能力、丙二醛及脂质过氧化物酶水平和生殖细胞凋亡的影响[J].武汉大学学报:医学版,2007,28(1):85-88.
[18]寇庆,梁咪娟,陶亮亮.酵母硒对肉鸡组织硒含量及抗氧化能力的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2012,12(1):48-50.
[19]臧珉,陈斌.壳寡糖抑菌及抗氧化性的研究[J].中国野生植物资源,2016,35(6):27-30,38.
[20]李阳,常文环,张姝,等.饲粮添加壳寡糖和干酪乳杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、肌肉品质及抗氧化性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(5):1450-1461.
[21]龙次民,吴信,范志勇,等.妊娠后期日粮中添加壳寡糖对母猪繁殖性能和母-仔猪抗氧化能力的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第七届中国饲料营养学术研讨会论文集.郑州:中国畜牧兽医学会,2014.
[22]李晓晶.壳寡糖对肉仔鸡促生长、免疫调节和抗氧化作用的研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2007.
[23]KIM K W,THOMAS R L.Antioxidative activity of chitosans w ith varying m olecular w eights[J].Food Chem istry,2007,101(1):308-313.
[24]FENG T,DU Y,LI J,et al.Antioxidant activity of half N-acetylated w ater-soluble chitosan in vitro[J].European Food Research and Technology,2007,225(1):133-138.
[25]TAO S,ZHOU D X,XIE J L,et al.Preparation of chitosan oligom ers and their antioxidant activity[J].European Food Research and Technology,2007,225(3/4):451-456.
[26]CASPARY W F.Physiology and pathophysiology of intestinal absorption[J].Am erican Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1992,55(1S):299S-308S.
[27]王子旭,佘锐萍,陈越,等.日粮锌硒水平对肉鸡小肠黏膜结构的影响[J].中国兽医科技.2003,33(7):18-21.
[28]赵乾宇.饲养密度对笼养蛋鸡小肠组织结构和盲肠细菌种群的影响[D].硕士学位论文.大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2015.
[29]王秀武,杜昱光,白雪芳,等.壳寡糖对肉仔鸡肠道主要菌群、小肠微绒毛密度、免疫功能及生产性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2003,15(4):32-35.
[30]田娟,孙立威,文华,等.壳寡糖对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、前肠组织结构及肠道主要菌群的影响[J].中国水产科学,2013,20(3):561-568.
[31]STEINHOFF U.Who controls the crowd?New findings and old questions about the intestinal m icroflora[J].Immunology Letters,2005,99(1):12-16.
[32]杨汝德,李武明,许燕滨.动物和人类的肠道菌群的形成及其意义[J].微生物学杂志,1998(1):52-55.
[33]GOPHNA U,SOMMERFELD K,GOPHNA S,et al.Differences betw een tissue-associated intestinal m icrofloras of patients w ith crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis[J].Journal of Clinical M icrobiology,2006,44(11):4136-4141.
[34]刘卫东,宋素芳,程璞.甘露寡糖和益生菌对肉仔鸡生产性能和肠道菌群的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2011,32(1):32-35.
[35]袁缨,闫际平,陈立华,等.不同寡糖对肉仔鸡肠道主要菌群和免疫器官指数的影响[J].中国饲料,2007(15):15-17.
[36]张厂,胡先勤,郭福有,等.果寡糖对肉鸡生产性能、肠道菌群、消化酶活性及屠宰性能的影响[J].中国家禽,2007,29(15):14-16.
[37]连国琦,周笑犁,孔祥峰,等.壳寡糖对环江香猪生化参数及肠道菌群组成的影响[J].天然产物研究与开发,2012,24(11):1605-1609.
[38]徐贵珠.壳寡糖和茶多糖对中华绒螯蟹生长性能、免疫和抗氧化能力的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2014.
[39]夏文水,吴焱楠.甲壳低聚糖功能性质[J].食品与生物技术学报,1996(4):297-302.