喀斯特山原红壤退化过程中土壤表层团聚体变化规律
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摘要
山原红壤是古气候影响下残存于高原面的古红土,近年来退化严重。为认识山原红壤的退化机理及效应,以滇东喀斯特典型山原红壤发育地带为研究对象,分析了4种不同覆被条件下0~20 cm土壤表层团聚体的特征。结果表明:从草地→灌丛→松林→红裸土,土壤>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量(WSAC)和平均重量直径(MWD)逐渐减少,分形维数(FD)显著增大;团聚体破坏率(PAD0.25)则表现为松林<草地<灌丛<红裸土。山原红壤从有植被到无植被(红裸土)退化过程中,表层土壤的团聚体稳定性和其他物理性质劣化,抗水蚀能力变弱,有机质含量减少;草地、灌丛、松林之间的土壤团聚体特征变化不明显,尚不能准确反映植被间的退化过程。研究还表明水稳性团聚体的稳定性指标(WSAC、MWD)与容重呈显著负相关,与土壤密度呈极显著负相关,与孔隙度、通气度呈极显著正相关;有机质对水稳性团聚体的稳定性和其他物理性质具有促进作用,植被的保育是改善山原红壤结构状况的关键。
Mountain red earth is the foe-hn Paleosol influenced by the ancient climate and has been degenerated seriously in recent years. In order to understand the mechanism of degradation and the effects of mountain red earth,and the typical development zone of the mountain red earth in Karst eastern Yunnan of China is chosen to analyze the characteristics of the 0 ~ 20 cm soil surface aggregates under the four different covers in red earth zone. The results indicate that > 0. 25 mm water stable aggregate content( WSAC) and mean weight diameter( MWD) are gradually reduced,but the fractal dimension( FD) increased significantly in process of grassland→shrub lands→pine wood → red bare soil. The percentage aggregate destruction( PAD) demonstrated: the law of pine wood
Mountain red earth is the foe-hn Paleosol influenced by the ancient climate and has been degenerated seriously in recent years. In order to understand the mechanism of degradation and the effects of mountain red earth,and the typical development zone of the mountain red earth in Karst eastern Yunnan of China is chosen to analyze the characteristics of the 0 ~ 20 cm soil surface aggregates under the four different covers in red earth zone. The results indicate that > 0. 25 mm water stable aggregate content( WSAC) and mean weight diameter( MWD) are gradually reduced,but the fractal dimension( FD) increased significantly in process of grassland→shrub lands→pine wood → red bare soil. The percentage aggregate destruction( PAD) demonstrated: the law of pine wood
引文
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[16]Lin Peisong,Gao Quanzhou.Study on changs in structural propertise of purple soils under different land use[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(4):134-138[林培松,高全洲.不同土地利用方式下紫色土结构特性变化研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(4):134-138]
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[18]Li Yangbin,Xie Deti.Features of water-stable soil aggregate structure under different use in Karst mountains[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,15(4):122-125[李阳兵,谢德体.不同土地利用方式对岩溶山地土壤团粒结构的影响[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(4):122-125]
[19]Zhang Zhiwei,Fu Wali,Zhang Hong.Study on structural stability of Limestone Soil and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,23(1):164-168[张治伟,傅瓦利,张洪,等.石灰岩土壤结构稳定性及影响因素研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(1):164-168]
[20]Wang Yu,Han Xing,Zhao Lanpo.Composition characteristics of black soil aggregates on sloping Farmland[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,30(5):88-90[王宇,韩兴,赵兰坡.黑土坡面土壤团聚体组成特征研究[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(5):88-90]
[21]Gong Wei,Hu Tingxing,Wang Jingyan.Study on fractures of soil aggregate structure under natural evergreen broadleaved forest and aitificial regeneration in southrn Sichuan Province[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2007,31(1):56-65[龚伟,胡庭兴,王景燕.川南天然常绿阔叶林人工更新后土壤团粒结构的分形特征[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(1):56-65]
[22]Huang Shaoyan,Zha Xuan.Study on soil erosion process and evolution of soil physico chemisty characteristics on sloping farmland[J].Mountain Research,2002,20(3):290-295[黄少燕,查轩.坡耕地侵蚀过程与土壤理化特性演变[J].山地学报,2002,20(3):290-295]
[23]Cao Guodong,Chen Jiehua,Xia Jun,et al.Analysis of soil physical properties under different vegetation typse in the alluvial fan area of Mansa river watershed[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(1):195-204[曹国栋,陈接华,夏军,等.玛纳斯河流域扇缘带不同植被类型下土壤物理性质[J].生态学报,2013,33(1):195-204]
[24]Liu Xiaoli,He Yuanqiu,Li Chengliang,et al.Distrbution and physical peoperties of soil water-stable aggregates in red soil different in lang use and soil fertility[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(3):460-465[刘晓利,何园球,李成亮,等.不同利用方式和肥力红壤中水稳性团聚体分布及物理性质特征[J].土壤学报,2008,45(3):460-465]
[25]Zhan Zhengyan,Li Xiaogang,Zhang Degang,et al.Effectsof landuseon organic Cconcentration and structural properties in alpine grassland soil[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2005,42(5):777-782[展争艳,李小刚,张德罡,等.利用方式对高寒牧区土壤有机碳含量及土壤结构性质的影响[J].土壤学报,2005,42(5):777-782]
[26]Song Zhiwei.Soil fertilizer[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2009:45-60[宋志伟.土壤肥料[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009:45-60]
[27]Yan Ningzhen,Bai Zhongcai,Xu Weihong,et al.Land use effect on soil aggregates in the karst hilly areas——A case study in Qian jiang,Chong qing(in Chinese).China[J].Carsologica Sinica,2011,30(1):72-77[严宁珍,白仲才,徐卫红,等.喀斯特山地土地利用方式对土壤团粒的影响——以重庆黔江为例[J].中国岩溶,2011,30(1):72-77]
[2]Zhou Lefu.characteristics and zonality of soil distribution in Yunnan Province[J].Mountain Research,1983,1(4):31-38[周乐福.云南土壤分布的特点及地带性规律[J].山地研究(现山地学报),1983,1(4):31-38]
[3]Zhao Zhongqiu,Hou Lisheng,Cai Yunlong.The process and mechanism of soil degradation in karst area in South west China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2006,13(3):185-189[赵中秋,后立胜,蔡运龙.西南喀斯特地区土壤退化过程与机理探讨[J].地学前缘,2006,13(3):185-189]
[4]Zhao Yonggang,Zhao Shiwei,Hua Juan,et al.Soil structural properties of enclosed steppe in the Semiarid area[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2009,17(1):106-112[赵勇钢,赵世伟,华娟,等.半干旱典型草原封育草地土壤结构特征研究[J].草地学报,2009,17(1):106-112]
[5]Shen Youxin,Jiang Jie,Chen Shengguo,et al.Vegetation degradation and its restoration strategies of Karst upland in south-eastern Yunnan[J].Mountain Research,2005,23(4):425-430[沈有信,江洁,陈胜国,等.滇东喀斯特山地植被退化及其恢复对策[J].山地学报,2005,23(4):425-430]
[6]Li Yangbin,Xie Deti,Wei Chaofu,et al.A Study of features of waterstable soil aggregates structure under different land use in karst mountains[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2002,11(5):452-454[李阳兵,魏朝富,谢德体,等.利用方式对岩溶山地土壤团粒结构的影响研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2002,11(5):452-454]
[7]Zhao Yonggang,Zhao Shiwei,Hua Juan,et al.Soil structural characteristics and its effect on infiltration on abandoned lands in semi-arid typical grassland areas[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(6):14-20[赵勇钢,赵世伟,华娟,等.半干旱典型草原区退耕地土壤结构特征及其对入渗的影响[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(6):14-20]
[8]Li Bing,Tang Ya.Impacts of human activities on soil erosion in the lower Jinsha river Basin[J].Mountain Research,2012,30(3):299-307[李冰,唐亚.金沙江下游地区人类活动对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].山地学报,2012,30(3):299-307]
[9]Zhao Baohua,He Yurong,Miao Guozeng,et al.Synthetical evaluation of soil Structure under subalpine forests on east slope of Gongga mountain[J].Mountain Research,2006,24(4):504-509[张保华,何毓蓉,苗国增,等.贡嘎山东坡亚高山林区土壤结构综合评价[J].山地学报,2006,24(4):504-509]
[10]Chen Hu,Wang Jiaxue,Hu Cancan,et al.Organic matter content of the bare lateritic surface-layer in east Yunnan karst rocky deserts[J].Carsologica Sinica,2012,31(4):423-425[陈虎,王嘉学,胡灿灿,等.滇东喀斯特地区石漠化裸露红土的表层有机质含量分析[J].中国岩溶,2012,31(4):423-425
[11]He Shuqin,Zheng Zicheng,Yang Yumei.Distribution characteristics of soil aggregates and organic carbon in tea plantation[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,23(5):187-191[何淑勤,郑子成,杨玉梅.茶园土壤团聚体分布特征及其对有机碳含量影响的研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(5):187-191]
[12]Chen Lixin.Soil experiment and practice tutorials[M].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2005:19-189[陈立新.土壤实验实习教程[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2005:19-189]
[13]Bao Shidan.Soil agrochemistry analysis[M].3th Edition.Beijing:China Agricuture Press,2000:56-106[鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:56-106]
[14]Pu Yulin,Lin Chaowei,Xie Deti,et al.Composition and stability of soil aggregates in hedgerow crop slope land[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2013,24(1):122-128[蒲玉琳,林超文,谢德体,等.植物篱-农作坡地土壤团聚体组成和稳定性特征[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):122-128]
[15]Chen Shan,Yang Feng,Lin Bin,et al.Impact of land use patterns on stability of soil aggregates in red soil region of South China[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(5):211-216[陈山,杨峰,林杉,等.土地利用方式对红壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(5):211-216]
[16]Lin Peisong,Gao Quanzhou.Study on changs in structural propertise of purple soils under different land use[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(4):134-138[林培松,高全洲.不同土地利用方式下紫色土结构特性变化研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(4):134-138]
[16]Six J,Elliot E T,Paustian K.Soil structure and soil orgnic matter:Ⅱ.A normalized stability Index and the effect of mineralogy[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2000,64(3):1042-1049
[17]Zhang Dongqing,He Tengbing,Lin Changhu,et al.Study on the physical perperties of karst soil in Guizhou Wujiang river basin[J].Guizhou Science,2006,24(2):39-43[张冬青,何腾兵,林昌虎,等.贵州乌江流域喀斯特土壤物理性质的研究[J].贵州科学,2006,24(2):39-43]
[18]Li Yangbin,Xie Deti.Features of water-stable soil aggregate structure under different use in Karst mountains[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,15(4):122-125[李阳兵,谢德体.不同土地利用方式对岩溶山地土壤团粒结构的影响[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(4):122-125]
[19]Zhang Zhiwei,Fu Wali,Zhang Hong.Study on structural stability of Limestone Soil and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,23(1):164-168[张治伟,傅瓦利,张洪,等.石灰岩土壤结构稳定性及影响因素研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(1):164-168]
[20]Wang Yu,Han Xing,Zhao Lanpo.Composition characteristics of black soil aggregates on sloping Farmland[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,30(5):88-90[王宇,韩兴,赵兰坡.黑土坡面土壤团聚体组成特征研究[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(5):88-90]
[21]Gong Wei,Hu Tingxing,Wang Jingyan.Study on fractures of soil aggregate structure under natural evergreen broadleaved forest and aitificial regeneration in southrn Sichuan Province[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2007,31(1):56-65[龚伟,胡庭兴,王景燕.川南天然常绿阔叶林人工更新后土壤团粒结构的分形特征[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(1):56-65]
[22]Huang Shaoyan,Zha Xuan.Study on soil erosion process and evolution of soil physico chemisty characteristics on sloping farmland[J].Mountain Research,2002,20(3):290-295[黄少燕,查轩.坡耕地侵蚀过程与土壤理化特性演变[J].山地学报,2002,20(3):290-295]
[23]Cao Guodong,Chen Jiehua,Xia Jun,et al.Analysis of soil physical properties under different vegetation typse in the alluvial fan area of Mansa river watershed[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(1):195-204[曹国栋,陈接华,夏军,等.玛纳斯河流域扇缘带不同植被类型下土壤物理性质[J].生态学报,2013,33(1):195-204]
[24]Liu Xiaoli,He Yuanqiu,Li Chengliang,et al.Distrbution and physical peoperties of soil water-stable aggregates in red soil different in lang use and soil fertility[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(3):460-465[刘晓利,何园球,李成亮,等.不同利用方式和肥力红壤中水稳性团聚体分布及物理性质特征[J].土壤学报,2008,45(3):460-465]
[25]Zhan Zhengyan,Li Xiaogang,Zhang Degang,et al.Effectsof landuseon organic Cconcentration and structural properties in alpine grassland soil[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2005,42(5):777-782[展争艳,李小刚,张德罡,等.利用方式对高寒牧区土壤有机碳含量及土壤结构性质的影响[J].土壤学报,2005,42(5):777-782]
[26]Song Zhiwei.Soil fertilizer[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2009:45-60[宋志伟.土壤肥料[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009:45-60]
[27]Yan Ningzhen,Bai Zhongcai,Xu Weihong,et al.Land use effect on soil aggregates in the karst hilly areas——A case study in Qian jiang,Chong qing(in Chinese).China[J].Carsologica Sinica,2011,30(1):72-77[严宁珍,白仲才,徐卫红,等.喀斯特山地土地利用方式对土壤团粒的影响——以重庆黔江为例[J].中国岩溶,2011,30(1):72-77]