软土深开挖致地铁车站基坑及邻近建筑变形特性研究
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摘要
为了更深入地了解软土深开挖引起地铁车站深基坑工程围护结构及邻近建筑的变形特性,结合深厚软黏土地区某个地铁车站深基坑工程进行了系统性监测及结果分析。结果分析表明:地连墙成槽会引起邻近土体侧向位移,最大土体侧向位移值占基坑开挖期间土体侧向位移值20%左右;土体开挖期间南侧(桩基础建筑一侧)、北侧(浅基础建筑一侧)围护结构邻近土体最大侧向位移平均值分别为0.091%H_e和0.120%H_e;y/H_e值(y为垂直连续墙方向上与连续墙的距离,H_e为开挖深度)小于0.92时,基坑开挖引起土体沉降值及沉降差较大;地表变形与浅基础变形较为接近,桩基础建筑变形值明显小于浅基础建筑变形值且嵌岩桩基础建筑变形值最小;邻近浅基础建筑及桩基础建筑均受到空间效应影响,在x/H_e值(x为平行连续墙方向上与端部的距离)小于1.5时,空间效应较为明显,x/H_e值大于2.0时,邻近建筑及围护结构邻近土体变形接近平面应变状态。
In order to obtain a deeper understanding of the deformation characteristics of the retaining structure and the adjacent buildings of deep foundation pit of metro station caused by deep excavation in soft soil, systematic monitoring and result analysis of deep foundation pit engineering of a metro station in deep soft clay area were carried out. It was found that grooving of diaphragm wall will cause lateral displacement of adjacent soil. The maximum lateral displacement of soil accounts for about 20% of the lateral displacement of soil during excavation of foundation pit. The average values of maximum lateral displacement of the retaining wall on the south side(namely the side of the pile foundation buildings) and the north side(namely the side of the shallow foundation buildings) during soil excavation were 0.091% H_e and 0.120% H_e, respectively. When the value of y/H_e( y is the distance between vertical continuous wall direction and diaphragm wall, and H_e is the excavation depth) is less than 0.92, the magnitude of the settlement and differential settlement induced by excavation was relatively larger. The settlement of the ground surface was close to that of the shallow foundation settlement, while the settlement of the pile foundation was obviously less than that of the shallow foundation building among which the rock-socketed pile foundation building had the smallest deformation value. Both the shallow foundation buildings and pile foundation buildings were affected by spatial effect which was more obvious when the value of x/H_e(x,the distance from the corner in the longitudinal direction) was less than 1.5. When the value of x/H_e was greater than 2.0, the soil deformation near the adjacent buildings and retaining structures approached to a plane strain state.
In order to obtain a deeper understanding of the deformation characteristics of the retaining structure and the adjacent buildings of deep foundation pit of metro station caused by deep excavation in soft soil, systematic monitoring and result analysis of deep foundation pit engineering of a metro station in deep soft clay area were carried out. It was found that grooving of diaphragm wall will cause lateral displacement of adjacent soil. The maximum lateral displacement of soil accounts for about 20% of the lateral displacement of soil during excavation of foundation pit. The average values of maximum lateral displacement of the retaining wall on the south side(namely the side of the pile foundation buildings) and the north side(namely the side of the shallow foundation buildings) during soil excavation were 0.091% H_e and 0.120% H_e, respectively. When the value of y/H_e( y is the distance between vertical continuous wall direction and diaphragm wall, and H_e is the excavation depth) is less than 0.92, the magnitude of the settlement and differential settlement induced by excavation was relatively larger. The settlement of the ground surface was close to that of the shallow foundation settlement, while the settlement of the pile foundation was obviously less than that of the shallow foundation building among which the rock-socketed pile foundation building had the smallest deformation value. Both the shallow foundation buildings and pile foundation buildings were affected by spatial effect which was more obvious when the value of x/H_e(x,the distance from the corner in the longitudinal direction) was less than 1.5. When the value of x/H_e was greater than 2.0, the soil deformation near the adjacent buildings and retaining structures approached to a plane strain state.
引文
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[2]袁静,龚晓南.基坑开挖过程中软土性状若干问题的分析[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2001,35(5):465-470.YUAN Jing,GONG Xiao-nan.Analysis of some problems of soft soil properties in the process of foundation pit excavation[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Edition),2001,35(5):465-470.
[3]郑刚,朱合华,刘新荣,等.基坑工程与地下工程安全及环境影响控制[J].土木工程学报,2016,49(6):1-24.ZHENG Gang,ZHU He-hua,LIU Xin-rong,et al.Control of safety of deep excavations and underground engineering and its impact on surrounding environment[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2016,49(6):1-24.
[4]陈昆,闫澍旺,孙立强,等.开挖卸荷状态下深基坑变形特性研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(4):1075-1082.CHEN Kun,YAN Shu-wang,SUN Li-qiang,et al.Analysis of deformation of deep foundation pit under excavation unloading condition[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(4):1075-1082.
[5]李忠超,陈仁朋,陈云敏,等.软黏土中某内支撑式深基坑稳定性安全系数分析[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(5):769-775.LI Zhong-chao,CHEN Ren-peng,CHEN Yun-min,et al.Factor of safety of a braced deep excavation in soft clay[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(5):769-775.
[6]丁智,王达,王金艳,等.浙江地区软弱土深基坑变形特点及预测分析[J].岩土力学,2015,36(增刊1):506-512.DING Zhi,WANG Da,WANG Jin-yan,et al.Deformation characteristics of Zhejiang soft soil deep foundation pits and their predictive analysis[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(Suppl.1):506-512.
[7]张治国,赵其华,鲁明浩.邻近深基坑开挖的历史保护建筑物沉降实测分析[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(增刊2):137-142.ZHANG Zhi-guo,ZHAO Qi-hua,LU Ming-hao.Analysis on settlement monitoring of historical protective buildings adjacent to deep foundation pit excavation[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2015,48(Suppl.2):137-142.
[8]王卫东,徐中华.预估深基坑开挖对周边建筑物影响的简化分析方法[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(增刊1):32-38.WANG Wei-dong,XU Zhong-hua.Simplified analysis method for evaluating excavation-induced damage of adjacent buildings[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(Suppl.1):32-38.
[9]张爱军,莫海鸿,李爱国,等.基坑开挖对邻近桩基影响的两阶段分析方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增刊1):2746-2750.ZHANG Ai-jun,MO Hai-hong,LI Ai-guo,et al.Two-stage analysis method for behavior of adjacent piles due to foundation pit excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(Suppl.1):2746-2750.
[10]POULOS H G,CHEN L T.Pile response due to unsupported excavation-induced lateral soil movement[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,1997,123(2):94-99.
[11]梁发云,于峰,李镜培,等.土体水平位移对邻近既有桩基承载性状影响分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(2):449-454.LIANG Fa-yun,YU Feng,LI Jing-pei,et al.Analysis of bearing capacity of a single pile under adjacent building subjected to lateral soil movements[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(2):449-454.
[12]任小峰.基底加固对上海地铁车站基坑变形的影响分析研究[D].上海:同济大学,2009.REN Xiao-feng.Analysis of the effect of deformation on the Shanghai subway station foundation pit basement reinforcement[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2009.
[13]程琪,刘国彬,张伟立.上海地区地铁超深基坑及深基坑变形有限元分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(增刊2):1497-1502.CHENG Qi,LIU Guo-bin,ZHANG Wei-li.Deformation analysis of subway ultra-deep and deep excavation in Shanghai by FEM[J].Chinese Journal of Under-ground Space and Engineering,2009,5(Suppl.2):1497-1502.
[14]郑俊杰,章荣军,丁烈云,等.基坑被动区加固的位移控制效果及参数分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):1042-1051.ZHENG Jun-jie,ZHANG Rong-jun,DING Lie-yun,et al.Displacement control effects and parameter analysis of passive zone improvement of foundation pits[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(5):1042-1051.
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[16]LEE F H,YONG K Y,QUAN K C N,et al.Effect of corners in strutted excavations:field monitoring and case histories[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,1998,124(4):338-349.
[17]FINNO R J,BLACKBURN J T,ROBOSKI J F.Three-dimensional effects for supported excavations in clay[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2007,133(1):30-36.
[18]ROBOSKI J F,FINNO R J.Distributions of ground movements parallel to deep excavations in clay[J].Canadian Geotechnical Engineering,2016,43(1):43-58.
[19]张伏光,蒋明镜.基坑土体卸荷平面应变试验离散元数值分析[J].岩土力学,2018,39(1):339-348.ZHANG Fu-guang,JIANG Ming-jing.Distinct element analysis of plane strain test on soil unloading around a foundation pit[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(1):339-348.
[20]魏纲.基坑开挖对下方既有盾构隧道影响的实测与分析[J].岩土力学,2013,34(5):1421-1428.WEI Gang.Measurement and analysis of impact of foundation pit excavation on below existed shield tunnels[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,34(5):1421-1428.
[21]中华人民共和国建设部.GB50021-2001岩土工程勘察规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China.GB50021-2001 Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2009.
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[23]陈明中.群桩沉降计算理论及桩筏基础优化设计研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2000.CHEN Ming-zhong.Pile group settlement calculation theory and piled raft foundation optimization design[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2000.
[24]李琳.工程降水对深基坑性状及周围环境影响的研究[D].上海:同济大学,2007.LI Lin.Study of the dewatering effect on deep excavation and surroundings in soft soil[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2007.
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