沙尘气溶胶卫星遥感现状与需要关注的若干问题
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摘要
沙尘暴是全球干旱、半干旱地区特有的一种灾害性天气,所产生的沙尘气溶胶是全球气溶胶系统重要组成部分,对全球环境、天气、气候和生态有复杂的影响。沙尘气溶胶作为一种吸收性气溶胶,对太阳辐射有着较强的吸收,还能通过加热大气、改变大气稳定度、蒸发云滴、减少云量等"半直接方式"影响气候。卫星遥感对沙尘气溶胶的监测具有独特的优势,是全球沙尘研究的重要手段。本文系统整理和介绍了目前常用的可见近红外、热红外、被动微波、紫外和主动激光测量等五类卫星遥感沙尘气溶胶的主要方法,在总结典型遥感仪器和主要产品基础上,讨论了遥感产品的定量精度和地面验证问题,结合辐射传输理论模拟了可见近红外和热红外的卫星观测,探讨了可见近红外遥感的地表反照率影响和热红外高光谱遥感的波段选择问题,最后对未来的一些研究重点进行了展望。
Dust storm is a typical weather disaster which outbreaks in arid and semi-arid areas globally.The dust aerosol generated from dust storm dominates the aerosol loading in the troposphere and has comprehensive impacts on the global environment,weather,climate and ecology.As a kind of absorbing aerosol,dust aerosol has strong absorption on the incoming solar radiation.Dust aerosol can affect the climate through the semi-direct effect,such as heating the atmosphere,changing the atmospheric stability,evaporating the cloud droplet and reducing the cloud amount.Satellite remote sensing has showed special priority on dust monitoring and has become an indispensable way for dust aerosol study.The main satellitebased dust aerosol remote sensing methods are summarized in this paper as the visible-infrared method,thermal infrared method,microwave method,ultraviolet method and active lidar-based method.In addition,typical instruments and products are introduced,and the accuracy of products and the validation by ground-based remote sensing network are discussed.Based on the radiation transfer theory,the visibleinfrared and thermal infrared radiance observed by satellite are simulated.Moreover,the effect of surface albedo and the channel selection issue are discussed for the visible remote sensing and thermal infrared hyperspectral remote sensing separately.Finally,some prospects in the future study for the satellite-based dust aerosol remote sensing are presented.
Dust storm is a typical weather disaster which outbreaks in arid and semi-arid areas globally.The dust aerosol generated from dust storm dominates the aerosol loading in the troposphere and has comprehensive impacts on the global environment,weather,climate and ecology.As a kind of absorbing aerosol,dust aerosol has strong absorption on the incoming solar radiation.Dust aerosol can affect the climate through the semi-direct effect,such as heating the atmosphere,changing the atmospheric stability,evaporating the cloud droplet and reducing the cloud amount.Satellite remote sensing has showed special priority on dust monitoring and has become an indispensable way for dust aerosol study.The main satellitebased dust aerosol remote sensing methods are summarized in this paper as the visible-infrared method,thermal infrared method,microwave method,ultraviolet method and active lidar-based method.In addition,typical instruments and products are introduced,and the accuracy of products and the validation by ground-based remote sensing network are discussed.Based on the radiation transfer theory,the visibleinfrared and thermal infrared radiance observed by satellite are simulated.Moreover,the effect of surface albedo and the channel selection issue are discussed for the visible remote sensing and thermal infrared hyperspectral remote sensing separately.Finally,some prospects in the future study for the satellite-based dust aerosol remote sensing are presented.
引文
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张天航,廖宏,常文渊,等,2016.基于国际大气化学-气候模式比较计划模式数据评估中国沙尘气溶胶直接辐射强迫[J].大气科学,40(6):1242-1260.
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范一大,史培军,王秀山,等,2002.中国北方典型沙尘暴的遥感分析[J].地球科学进展,17(2):289-294.
方宗义,张运刚,郑新江,等,2001.用气象卫星遥感监测沙尘暴的方法和初步结果[J].第四纪研究,21(1):48-55.
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郭伟,卜令兵,贾小芳,等,2016.基于激光云高仪的北京沙尘气溶胶特征分析[J].气象,42(12):1540-1546.
胡秀清,卢乃锰,张鹏,2007.利用静止气象卫星红外通道遥感监测中国沙尘暴[J].应用气象学报,18(3):266-275.
姜学恭,陈受钧,云静波,2014.基于CALIPSO资料的沙尘暴过程沙尘垂直结构特征分析[J].气象,40(3):269-279.
廖国男,1985.大气辐射导论[M].周诗健,译.北京:气象出版社.
卢乃锰,方翔,刘健,等,2017.气象卫星的云观测[J].气象,43(3):257-267.
卢乃锰,闵敏,董立新,等,2016.星载大气探测激光雷达发展与展望[J].遥感学报,20(1):1-10.
毛节泰,张军华,王美华,2002.中国大气气溶胶研究综述[J].气象学报,60(5):625-634.
石广玉,王标,张华,等,2008.大气气溶胶的辐射与气候效应[J].大气科学,32(4):826-840.
石广玉,赵思雄,2003.沙尘暴研究中的若干科学问题[J].大气科学,27(4):591-606.
宿兴涛,许丽人,张志标,等,2015.基于卫星观测的我国北方地区紫外吸收性气溶胶的时空分布研究[J].气候与环境研究,20(1):11-20.
肖继东,汪溪远,陈爱京,2007.沙尘暴EOS/MODIS卫星遥感监测指数模型[J].干旱区研究,24(2):268-272.
延昊,矫梅燕,毕宝贵,等,2006.国内外气溶胶观测网络发展进展及相关科学计划[J].气象科学,26(1):110-117.
曾庆存,董超华,彭公炳,等,2007.沙尘暴及相关的自然灾害[J].气候与环境研究,12(3):225-226.
张军华,毛节泰,王美华,2002.利用TOMS资料遥感沙尘暴的研究[J].高原气象,21(5):457-465.
张鹏,张兴赢,胡秀清,等,2007.2006年一次沙尘活动的卫星定量遥感和分析研究[J].气候与环境研究,12(3):302-308.
张天航,廖宏,常文渊,等,2016.基于国际大气化学-气候模式比较计划模式数据评估中国沙尘气溶胶直接辐射强迫[J].大气科学,40(6):1242-1260.
周自江,章国材,2003.中国北方的典型强沙尘暴事件(1954—2002年)[J].科学通报,48(11):1224-1228.
Ackerman S A,1989.Using the radiative temperature difference at3.7and 11μm to tract dust outbreaks[J].Remote Sens Environ,27(2):129-133.
Che Huizheng,Shi G,Uchiyama A,et al 2008.Intercomparison between aerosol optical properties by a PREDE skyradiometer and CIMEL sunphotometer over Beijing,China[J].Atmos Chem Phys,8(12):3199-3214.
Chen Bin,Zhang Peng,Zhang Beidou,et al,2014.An overview of passive and active dust detection methods using satellite measurements[J].J Meteor Res,28(6):1029-1040.
Chen Hao,Cheng Tianha,Gu Xingfa,et al,2016.Characteristics of aerosols over Beijing and Kanpur derived from the AERONET dataset[J].Atmos Pollut Res,7(1):162-169.
Chen Siyu,Huang Jianping,Qian Yun,et al,2017.An overview of mineral dust modeling over East Asia[J].J Meteor Res,31(4):633-653.
De Graaf M,Stammes P,Torres O,et al,2005.Absorbing aerosol index:sensitivity analysis,application to GOME and comparison with TOMS[J].J Geophys Res,110(D1):D01201.
DeSouza-Machado S G,Strow L L,Hannon S E,et al,2006.Infrared dust spectral signatures from AIRS[J].Geophys Res Lett,33(3):L03801.
DeSouza-Machado S G,Strow L L,Imbiriba B,et al,2010.Infrared retrievals of dust using AIRS:comparisons of optical depths and heights derived for a North African dust storm to other collocated EOS A-Train and surface observations[J].J Geophys Res,115(D15):D15201.
Di Aojie,Xue Yong,Yang Xihua,et al,2016.Dust aerosol optical depth retrieval and dust storm detection for Xinjiang region using Indian national satellite observations[J].Remote Sens,8(9):702.
El-Askary H,Park S K,Ahn M H,et al,2015.On the detection and monitoring of the transport of an Asian dust storm using multisensor satellite remote sensing[J].J Environ Inform,25(2):99-116.
Fraser R S,Kaufman Y J,1985.The relative importance of aerosol scattering and absorption in remote sensing[J].IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens,GE-23(5):625-633.
Ge Jinming,Huang J,Weng F,et al,2008.Effects of dust storms on microwave radiation based on satellite observation and model simulation over the Taklamakan desert[J].Atmos Chem Phys,8(16):4903-4909.
Good E J,Kong Xin,Embury O,2012.An infrared desert dust index for the Along-Track Scanning Radiometers[J].Remote Sens Environ,116:159-176.
Herman J R,Bhartia P K,Torres O,et al,1997.Global distribution of UV-absorbing aerosols from Nimbus 7/TOMS data[J].J Geophys Res Atmos,102(D14):16911-16922.
Hsu N C,Tsay S C,King M D,et al,2006.Deep blue retrievals of asian aerosol properties during ACE-Asia[J].IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens,44(11):3180-3195.
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