共和盆地黄河阶地砾石组构特征与环境意义
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摘要
对共和盆地12级阶地砾石层组构进行数理统计,计算各砾石层砾度、砾态、砾向等参数,分析砾石组构特征并探讨其环境意义。结果表明:(1)各阶地砾石成分复杂,以砂岩和石英岩为主;(2)砾石形态以扁球体为主,磨圆度中等,风化程度较低;(3)砾石层形成时流水作用强弱为T8>T7>T5>T4>T10>T2>T9>T1>T3>T6>T11>T12,其中T1、T3、T4、T7、T8和T11为稳定河流成因,T2、T5、T6、T9、T10和T12为流水冲积成因;(4)各砾石层主要来向和古水流流向与野外观察一致,T1、T2、T5、T6和T10砾石来向与古水流流向复杂,而T3、T4、T7、T8、T9、T11和T12砾石来向与古水流流向简单。研究结果反映的环境意义虽简单,但可与阶地年代数据相结合进一步揭示各阶地形成时的气候环境特征与地面抬升状况。
Based on the mathematical statistics of gravel fabric characteristics of the 12 terraces along Yellow River in the Gonghe Basin,the particle size,shape and orientation of each gravel layer were calculated,and the characteristics of gravel fabrics were analyzed to explore the environmental significance. The studies showed the following aspects:( 1) the components of gravels were complex,mainly including sandstone and quartzite;( 2) the flat sphere was the main shape of gravels,and the roundness of gravel layers was medium and the degree of weathering was low;( 3) the intensities of the flowing water were listed in descending order as T8 > T7 > T5 >T4 > T10 > T2 > T9 > T1 > T3 > T6 > T11 > T12 when the gravel layers were formed,and the gravel layers of T1,T3,T4,T7,T8 and T11 were caused by the stable river,and T2,T5,T6,T9,T10 and T12 were formed in alluvial water environments;( 4) the direction of each gravel layer was consistent with that of field observation,and the directions of gravel sources and ancient water flows in T1,T2,T5,T6 and T10 were complex,while those of T3,T4,T7,T8,T9,T11 and T12 were simple. The environmental significance of this study is relatively simple,but it can be further used to reveal the characteristics of climatic environment and the condition of ground uplifted combined with chronological data of the terrace.
Based on the mathematical statistics of gravel fabric characteristics of the 12 terraces along Yellow River in the Gonghe Basin,the particle size,shape and orientation of each gravel layer were calculated,and the characteristics of gravel fabrics were analyzed to explore the environmental significance. The studies showed the following aspects:( 1) the components of gravels were complex,mainly including sandstone and quartzite;( 2) the flat sphere was the main shape of gravels,and the roundness of gravel layers was medium and the degree of weathering was low;( 3) the intensities of the flowing water were listed in descending order as T8 > T7 > T5 >T4 > T10 > T2 > T9 > T1 > T3 > T6 > T11 > T12 when the gravel layers were formed,and the gravel layers of T1,T3,T4,T7,T8 and T11 were caused by the stable river,and T2,T5,T6,T9,T10 and T12 were formed in alluvial water environments;( 4) the direction of each gravel layer was consistent with that of field observation,and the directions of gravel sources and ancient water flows in T1,T2,T5,T6 and T10 were complex,while those of T3,T4,T7,T8,T9,T11 and T12 were simple. The environmental significance of this study is relatively simple,but it can be further used to reveal the characteristics of climatic environment and the condition of ground uplifted combined with chronological data of the terrace.
引文
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[37]李小陪,高志勇,李书凯,等.库车前盆地上侏罗统—下白垩统砾石特征与构造演化关系[J].沉积学报,2013,31(6):980-993.
[38]王建强,贾楠,刘池洋,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西南部下白垩统宜君组砾岩岩组分析及其意义[J].沉积学报,2011,29(2):226-234.
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[40]廖林,陈汉林,程晓敏,等.帕米尔东北缘新生代隆升活动:来自奥依塔格剖面砾石统计的证据[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2012,37(4):791-804.
[2]刘运明,李有利,吕红华,等.从阶地砾石的统计特征看保德至克虎段河流演化[J].地理科学,2007,27(4):567-572.
[3]黄培华.黄山山麓第四纪黏土砾石层形成机制和环境的研究[J].地理科学,1994,14(3):211-216.
[4]韩建恩,余佳,孟庆,等.西藏阿里地区札达盆地第四纪砾石统计及其意义[J].地质通报,2005,24(7):630-636.
[5]喻宸,吴胜和,岳大力,等.细粒冲积扇沉积特征研究——以酒西盆地老君庙构造带古近系白杨河组为例[J].现代地质,2016,30(3):634-654.
[6]何培元,浦庆余.沅水翁洞—安江段第四纪砾石层的组构分析[J].中国地质科学院地质力学研究所所刊,1982(1):117-131.
[7]钱程,韩建恩,余佳,等.山西榆社盆地新进系马会组砾岩层砾组特征及其地质意义[J].现代地质,2011,25(4):778-788.
[8]韩建恩,邵兆刚,朱大岗,等.黄河源区河流阶地特征及源区黄河的形成[J].中国地质,2013,40(5):1531-1541.
[9]赵振明,刘百篪.青海共和至甘肃兰州黄河河谷地貌的形成与青藏高原东北缘隆起的关系[J].西北地质,2003,36(2):1-12.
[10]刘百篪,刘小风,袁道阳,等.黄河中上游阶地对青藏高原东北部第四纪构造活动的反映[J].地震地质,2003,25(1):133-145.
[11]程波,陈发虎,张家武.共和盆地末次冰消期以来的植被和环境演变[J].地理学报,2010,65(11):1337-1344.
[12]唐领余,汪世兰.青海共和盆地共和组孢粉植被群[J].古生物学报,1988,27(5):583-606.
[13]于洋,贾志清,刘艳书,等.青海共和盆地植被恢复区主要植被群落五种组成与多样性[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(3):18-22.
[14]赵黎,孙庆峰.青藏高原共和盆地14.5 ka B.P.以来黏土矿物响应的气候变化模型[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2014,33(4):681-692.
[15]刘冰,靳鹤龄,孙忠,等.青藏高原东北部共和盆地风成沉积地球化学特征及其揭示的气候变化[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(7):788-799.
[16]施伟,马寅生,吴满路,等.共和盆地剖面第四纪孢粉组合特征及环境演化[J].地质力学学报,2004,10(4):311-348.
[17]孙庆峰,程波,赵黎.共和盆地黏土矿物与孢粉记录的末次冰消期以来的气候环境相位差[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(5):1238-1247.
[18]刘冰,靳鹤龄,孙忠,等.青藏高原东北部泥炭沉积粒度与元素记录的全新世千年尺度的气候变化[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(3):609-619.
[19]刘冰,靳鹤龄,孙忠,等.共和盆地开额泥炭剖面粒度敏感组分提取与全新世气候环境变化[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2013,33(4):125-134.
[20]师炜,马寅生,吴满路.青藏高原东北缘共和盆地第四纪磁性地层学研究[J].地质力学学报,2006,12(3):317-323.
[21]刘冰,靳鹤龄,孙忠,等.末次盛冰期以来青藏高原东北部共和盆地冬夏季风演化记录[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(2):433-442.
[22]刘冰,靳鹤龄,孙忠,等.末次盛冰期以来青藏高原东北部共和盆地气候与环境演变研究进展[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(2):403-410.
[23]孙延贵,方洪宾,张琨,等.共和盆地层状地貌系统与青藏高原隆升及黄河发育[J].中国地质,2007,34(6):1141
[24]徐叔鹰,徐德馥,石生仁.共和盆地地貌发育与环境演化探讨[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),1984,20(1):146-157.
[25]冯增昭.沉积岩石学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:1-367.
[26]张杰,肖渊甫,田晓敏,等.云南省南涧地区下白垩统南新组砾岩层砾组特征及其物源分析[J].高校地质学报,2015,21(2):328-335.
[27]朱大岗,赵希涛,孟宪刚,等.念青唐古拉主峰地区第四纪砾石层砾组分析[J].地质力学学报,2001,7(4):323-332.
[28]梁伟,陈留勤,郭福生,等.江西抚崇盆地晚白垩世—古新世莲荷组砾石砾组分析[J].地质力学学报,2013,19(1):35-44.
[29]陆露,钱程,赵珍,等.西藏羌塘盆地东南缘晚白垩世—古近纪砾岩层砾组特征及其地质意义[J].中国地质,2014,41(3):879-892.
[30]陈留勤,郭福生,梁伟,等.江西抚崇盆地上白垩统河口组砾石统计特征及其地质意义[J].现代地质,2013,27(6):568-576.
[31]赵俊香,于慎谔,刘智荣.山西应县护驾岗冲沟阶地地层粒度特征与沉积环境[J].现代地质,2012,26(4):716-722.
[32]施雅风.第四纪中期青藏高原冰冻圈的演化及其与全球变化的联系[J].冰川冻土,1998,20(3):198-208.
[33]刘耕年,陈艺鑫,张梅,等.喜马拉雅山佩枯岗日冰川地貌的年代学、平衡线高度和气候研究[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(5):959-970.
[34]黄继钧.藏北羌塘盆地构造特征及演化[J].中国区域地质,2001,20(2):178-180.
[35]吴磊伯,沈淑敏.海滨砾石组构分析的一个实例[J].地质学报,1962,42(4):353-363.
[36]王照波,刘安同,王庆军.白彦砾石的形成时代与砾石组构特征分析[J].地质与矿产,2012,28(1):14-19.
[37]李小陪,高志勇,李书凯,等.库车前盆地上侏罗统—下白垩统砾石特征与构造演化关系[J].沉积学报,2013,31(6):980-993.
[38]王建强,贾楠,刘池洋,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西南部下白垩统宜君组砾岩岩组分析及其意义[J].沉积学报,2011,29(2):226-234.
[39]贺承广,邵兆刚,钱程,等.龙门山构造带终端新近系砾岩层砾组特征及其构造意义[J].中国地质,2011,38(6):1467-1476.
[40]廖林,陈汉林,程晓敏,等.帕米尔东北缘新生代隆升活动:来自奥依塔格剖面砾石统计的证据[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2012,37(4):791-804.