博尔塔拉河流域水域生态健康评估
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摘要
以博尔塔拉河流域为研究区,参考流域生态健康评估综合指数法,构建水域生态系统健康评估指标体系,综合利用生境结构指标、水生生物指标和生态压力指标对水域生态系统健康进行评估。结果表明:博尔塔拉河流域水域生态健康等级为一般,限制因子为枯水期径流量和水资源开发利用强度;流域内博尔塔拉河上游区生态健康等级为良好,限制因子为枯水期径流量和鱼类物种多样性综合指数;中游区、下游区和大河沿子河区生态健康等级均为一般,限制因子分别为特有型或指示性物种保持率和水资源开发利用强度、鱼类物种多样性综合指数和水资源开发利用强度以及枯水期径流量和大型底栖动物多样性综合指数。山区水域生态健康等级高,平原地区等级偏低,上游生态健康等级高,中下游健康等级偏低。
This paper evaluates the aquatic ecosystem health in Bortala River basin by referring to the comprehensive index method for evaluation of ecosystem health in basin,building an indicator system for evaluation of aquatic ecosystem health,and comprehensively using habitat structure indicators,aquatic creature indicators and ecological pressure indicators. The results show that: the aquatic ecosystem health is fair in Bortala River,limiting factor: runoff in draught period and intensity of development and utilization of water resources; good in the upper reaches of Bortala River in the basin,limiting factor: runoff in draught period and fish species diversity index; fair in the middle reaches,lower reaches and big river along subriver area,limiting factor: special or indicative species retention and intensity of development and utilization of water resources,fish species diversity index and intensity of development and utilization of water resources,and runoff in drought period and macrobenthos diversity index respectively. The aquatic ecosystem health level is high in hilly area,low in plains,high in the upper reaches and low in the middle and lower reaches.
This paper evaluates the aquatic ecosystem health in Bortala River basin by referring to the comprehensive index method for evaluation of ecosystem health in basin,building an indicator system for evaluation of aquatic ecosystem health,and comprehensively using habitat structure indicators,aquatic creature indicators and ecological pressure indicators. The results show that: the aquatic ecosystem health is fair in Bortala River,limiting factor: runoff in draught period and intensity of development and utilization of water resources; good in the upper reaches of Bortala River in the basin,limiting factor: runoff in draught period and fish species diversity index; fair in the middle reaches,lower reaches and big river along subriver area,limiting factor: special or indicative species retention and intensity of development and utilization of water resources,fish species diversity index and intensity of development and utilization of water resources,and runoff in drought period and macrobenthos diversity index respectively. The aquatic ecosystem health level is high in hilly area,low in plains,high in the upper reaches and low in the middle and lower reaches.
引文
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[3]殷寿元.博尔塔拉河水质变化趋势及原因分析[J].中国科技投资,2012,(1):198
[4]戴建民.新疆博尔塔拉河流域流域径流量及泥沙含量变化研究[J].黑龙江水利科技,2014,42(11):35-36.
[5]刘永,郭怀成.湖泊-流域生态系统管理研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[6]孟伟,张远,郑丙辉,等.生态系统健康理论在流域水环境管理中应用研究的意义、难点和关键技术[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(6):906-910.
[7]袁中兴等.三峡库区流域生态健康评估-以东河流域为例[J].三峡生态环境监测,2016,1(1):29-35.
[8]基于GIS的洞庭湖区生态系统健康评估[J].环境工程技术学报,2012,2(1):37-43.
[9]Hong B,Limburg KE,Erichson JD et al.Connecting the ecological-economic dots in human-dominated watersheds:models to link socioeconomic activities on the landscape to stream ecosystem health[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2009,91(2):78-87.
[10]Ayensu.International ecosystem assessment[J].Science,2000,286(5440):6851.
[11]Volstad JH,Neerchal NK,Roth NE et al.Combining biological indicators of watershed condition from multiple sampling program's a case study from Maryland,USA[J].Ecological Indicators,2003,3(1):213-251.
[12]Schultz MT.A critique of EPA's index of watershed indicators[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2001,62(4):429-442.
[13]Naresh Singh Yadav,Amit Kumar and M.P.Sharma.Ecological Health Assessment of Chambal River using Water Quality Parameterls[J].Journal of Integrated Science and Technology,2014,2(2):52-56.
[14]P.E.Davies,J.H.Harris,T.J.Hillman,K.F.Walker The Sustainable Rivers Audit:assessing river ecosystem health in the MurrayDarling Basin,Australia[J].Marine and Freshwater Research,2010,61(7):764-777.
[15]刘焱序,彭建,汪安等.生态系统健康研究新进展与趋向[J].生态学报,2015,35(18):1-16.
[16]清河、凡河流域生态健康评估[D].沈阳:辽宁大学,2016.
[17]汾河上游流域生态健康评估研究[J].资源节约与环保,2015,10:173-174.
[18]张晶,覃波.博尔塔拉河径流量变化与水化学变化分析[J].水资源研究,2010,31(1):21-22.
[19]陈志军等.博尔塔拉河流域水文特性[J].水资源研究,2007,28(1):25-28.
[20]朱永生,张莉萍.博尔塔拉河流域水文水资源分析[J].现代农业科技,2010,(7):295-296.
[21]中国环境科学研究院.流域生态健康评估技术指南[R].北京:中国环境科学研究院,2013.