饲粮锌水平对生绒期陕北白绒山羊生长性能、产绒性能及绒生长相关激素含量的影响
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摘要
本试验通过研究饲粮锌水平对生绒期陕北白绒山羊生长性能、产绒性能及绒生长相关激素含量的影响,旨在确定生绒期陕北白绒山羊饲粮适宜的锌水平。采用单因素随机区组设计,将32只体况良好及体重相近的8月龄陕北白绒山羊随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复2只。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮(锌水平为28.57 mg/kg DM),3个试验组(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组)分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加饲料级硫酸锌的试验饲粮,试验饲粮锌水平依次为50、70和100 mg/kg DM,预试期15 d,正试期6个月。结果显示:1)饲粮锌水平对陕北白绒山羊干物质采食量(DMI)及料重比(F/G)均无显著影响(P>0.05)。Ⅲ组山羊的平均日增重(ADG)最高且与Ⅰ组差异显著(P<0.05),而与其他2组差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)饲粮锌水平对试验初和试验末羊绒细度及产绒量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。试验末羊绒长度Ⅲ组显著大于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),而Ⅳ组则极显著大于Ⅲ组(P<0.01),显著大于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。Ⅲ组羊绒生长量及羊绒生长率均显著高于Ⅰ组及Ⅳ组(P<0.05),与Ⅱ组无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)随着陕北白绒山羊生绒期的推进,血清褪黑激素(MT)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)及生长激素(GH)含量均呈现增加趋势,而血清催乳素(PRL)含量则呈降低趋势。饲粮锌水平对陕北白绒山羊试验期内血清MT、PRL含量及试验中期GH含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。试验中期Ⅲ组血清IGF-1含量显著高于Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。试验末期Ⅲ组血清IGF-1含量显著高于Ⅰ组及Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。试验末期Ⅲ组血清GH含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。综上,生绒期陕北白绒山羊饲粮适宜的锌水平为70 mg/kg DM。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary zinc level on growth performance,cashmere performance and cashmere growth-related hormone contents of Shanbei white cashmere goats during cashmere growing period,in order to determine the optimal dietary zinc level of Shanbei white cashmere goats during cashmere growing period. The experiment was designed in a single factor random block. Thirty-two Shanbei white cashmere goats at 8 months of age with physical fitness and similar weight were selected and divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 2 goats per replicate. The goats in control group( group Ⅰ)were fed a basal diet containing 28.57 mg/kg DM zinc,and the goats in experimental groups( groups Ⅱ,Ⅲand Ⅳ) were fed the basal diet supplemented with zinc sulfate( feed grade),and the dietary zinc level of the experimental diets was 50,70 and 100 mg/kg DM respectively. The pre-test period was 15 days and the formal test period was 6 months. The results showed as follows: 1) dietary zinc level had no significant influences on dry matter intake( DMI) and feed/gain( F/G) of Shanbei white cashmere goats( P > 0. 0 5). Goats ingroup Ⅲ had the greatest average daily gain( ADG),and the ADG in group Ⅲ had significant difference compared with group Ⅰ( P<0.05),while had no significant difference compared with groups Ⅱ and Ⅳ( P>0.05). 2) Dietary zinc level had no significant influences on cashmere diameter at initial experiment and last experiment and cashmere production( P>0.05). Cashmere length in group Ⅲwas significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ( P<0.05). Cashmere length at last experiment in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅲ and Ⅱ( P<0.01 and P<0.05,respectively). Cashmere growth and cashmere growth rate in groupⅢ were significantly higher than those in groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ( P<0.05),and no significant difference was observed between groups Ⅲ and Ⅱ( P>0.05). 3) With the succession of cashmere growing period,melatonin( MT),insulin like growth factor-1( IGF-1) and growth hormone( GH) contents in serum of goats showed increasing trend,and serum prolactin( PRL) content was showed decreasing trend. Dietary zinc level had no significant influences on serum MT and PRL contents in the whole experiment period and GH content in the mid-term experiment( P>0.05). Serum IGF-1 content in the mid-term experiment in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅳ( P<0.05). Serum IGF-1 content in the last experiment in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ( P<0.05). Serum GH content in the last experiment in group Ⅲwas significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ( P<0.05). In summary,the optimal dietary zinc level of Shanbei white cashmere goats during cashmere growing period is 70 mg/kg DM.
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary zinc level on growth performance,cashmere performance and cashmere growth-related hormone contents of Shanbei white cashmere goats during cashmere growing period,in order to determine the optimal dietary zinc level of Shanbei white cashmere goats during cashmere growing period. The experiment was designed in a single factor random block. Thirty-two Shanbei white cashmere goats at 8 months of age with physical fitness and similar weight were selected and divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 2 goats per replicate. The goats in control group( group Ⅰ)were fed a basal diet containing 28.57 mg/kg DM zinc,and the goats in experimental groups( groups Ⅱ,Ⅲand Ⅳ) were fed the basal diet supplemented with zinc sulfate( feed grade),and the dietary zinc level of the experimental diets was 50,70 and 100 mg/kg DM respectively. The pre-test period was 15 days and the formal test period was 6 months. The results showed as follows: 1) dietary zinc level had no significant influences on dry matter intake( DMI) and feed/gain( F/G) of Shanbei white cashmere goats( P > 0. 0 5). Goats ingroup Ⅲ had the greatest average daily gain( ADG),and the ADG in group Ⅲ had significant difference compared with group Ⅰ( P<0.05),while had no significant difference compared with groups Ⅱ and Ⅳ( P>0.05). 2) Dietary zinc level had no significant influences on cashmere diameter at initial experiment and last experiment and cashmere production( P>0.05). Cashmere length in group Ⅲwas significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ( P<0.05). Cashmere length at last experiment in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅲ and Ⅱ( P<0.01 and P<0.05,respectively). Cashmere growth and cashmere growth rate in groupⅢ were significantly higher than those in groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ( P<0.05),and no significant difference was observed between groups Ⅲ and Ⅱ( P>0.05). 3) With the succession of cashmere growing period,melatonin( MT),insulin like growth factor-1( IGF-1) and growth hormone( GH) contents in serum of goats showed increasing trend,and serum prolactin( PRL) content was showed decreasing trend. Dietary zinc level had no significant influences on serum MT and PRL contents in the whole experiment period and GH content in the mid-term experiment( P>0.05). Serum IGF-1 content in the mid-term experiment in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅳ( P<0.05). Serum IGF-1 content in the last experiment in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ( P<0.05). Serum GH content in the last experiment in group Ⅲwas significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ( P<0.05). In summary,the optimal dietary zinc level of Shanbei white cashmere goats during cashmere growing period is 70 mg/kg DM.
引文
[1]屈雷,雷安民,闫海龙,等.陕北白绒山羊种公羊的体细胞克隆[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(9):29-34,40.
[2]KRAMETTER-FROETSCHER R,HAUSER S,BAUM GARTNER W.Zinc-responsive derm atosis in goats suggestive of hereditary m alabsorption:tw o field cases[J].Veterinary Derm atology,2005,16(4):269-275.
[3]索宝.内蒙古白绒山羊生长羯羊锌需要量的研究[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2006:43-49.
[4]JIA W B,JIA Z H,ZHANG W,et al.Effects of dietary zinc on perform ance,nutrient digestibility and plasm a zinc status in cashm ere goats[J].Sm all Rum inant Research,2008,80(1/2/3):68-72.
[5]LIU H Y,SUN M H,YANG G Q,et al.Influence of different dietary zinc levels on cashm ere grow th,plasm a testosterone level and zinc status in m ale Liaoning cashm ere goats[J].Journal of Anim al Physiology and Anim al Nutrition,2015,99(5):880-886.
[6]朱雯,刘建新,叶均安.微量元素锌在奶牛中的应用研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2014,50(15):83-86.
[7]于倩楠.微量元素和抗氧化剂对奶牛生产性能和营养代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.武汉:华中农业大学,2013:8-9.
[8]JIA W B,ZHU X P,ZHANG W,et al.Effects of source of supplem ental zinc on perform ance,nutrient digestibility and plasm a m ineral profile in cashm ere goats[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Anim al Sciences,2009,22(12):1648-1653.
[9]ADITIA M,SUNARSO S,SEVILLA C C,et al.Grow th perform ance and m ineral status on goats(Capra hircus Linn.)supplem ented w ith zinc proteinate and selenium yeast[J].Scientific Research&Essays,2014,7(2):1741-1751.
[10]韦月平,王鹏.不同锌源对舍饲辽宁绒山羊产绒性能的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2008,47(9):1056-1058.
[11]SALAMA A A,CAJA G,ALBANELL E,et al.Effects of dietary supplem ents of zinc-m ethionine on m ilk production,udder health and zinc m etabolism in dairy goats[J].Journal of Dairy Research,2003,70(1):9-17.
[12]PUCHALA R,SAHLU T,DAVIS J J.Effects of zincm ethionine on perform ance of Angora goats[J].Sm all Rum inant Research,1999,33(1):1-8.
[13]高建伟.不同锌源和水平在奶山羊肠道的消化吸收及对相关内分泌的影响[D].硕士学位论文.郑州:河南农业大学,2010:18-20.
[14]魏云霞,肖玉萍,杨保平,等.河西绒山羊绒毛生长的季节性变化规律及其与生长激素关系的研究[J].中国草食动物科学,2012,32(6):10-13.
[15]BAI W L,YIN R H,YIN R L,et al.IGF-1 mRNA splicing variants in Liaoning cashm ere goat:identification,characterization,and transcriptional patterns in skin and visceral organs[J].Anim al Biotechnology,2013,24(2):81-93.
[16]胡秀芝,王永军.绒山羊毛囊的周期性发育及其分子调控研究进展[J].家畜生态学报,2012,33(3):1-6.
[17]张春善.动物必需微量元素营养学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007:115.
[18]李聚才,张春珍,庞琪艳,等.动物微量元素锌营养研究进展[J].宁夏农林科技,2007(6):30-32.
[19]李利根,郭振荣,赵霖,等.缺锌和补锌对烫伤大鼠血清和组织锌含量,含锌酶、激素、蛋白质的影响[J].中华临床营养杂志,2006,14(1):29-32.
[2]KRAMETTER-FROETSCHER R,HAUSER S,BAUM GARTNER W.Zinc-responsive derm atosis in goats suggestive of hereditary m alabsorption:tw o field cases[J].Veterinary Derm atology,2005,16(4):269-275.
[3]索宝.内蒙古白绒山羊生长羯羊锌需要量的研究[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2006:43-49.
[4]JIA W B,JIA Z H,ZHANG W,et al.Effects of dietary zinc on perform ance,nutrient digestibility and plasm a zinc status in cashm ere goats[J].Sm all Rum inant Research,2008,80(1/2/3):68-72.
[5]LIU H Y,SUN M H,YANG G Q,et al.Influence of different dietary zinc levels on cashm ere grow th,plasm a testosterone level and zinc status in m ale Liaoning cashm ere goats[J].Journal of Anim al Physiology and Anim al Nutrition,2015,99(5):880-886.
[6]朱雯,刘建新,叶均安.微量元素锌在奶牛中的应用研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2014,50(15):83-86.
[7]于倩楠.微量元素和抗氧化剂对奶牛生产性能和营养代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.武汉:华中农业大学,2013:8-9.
[8]JIA W B,ZHU X P,ZHANG W,et al.Effects of source of supplem ental zinc on perform ance,nutrient digestibility and plasm a m ineral profile in cashm ere goats[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Anim al Sciences,2009,22(12):1648-1653.
[9]ADITIA M,SUNARSO S,SEVILLA C C,et al.Grow th perform ance and m ineral status on goats(Capra hircus Linn.)supplem ented w ith zinc proteinate and selenium yeast[J].Scientific Research&Essays,2014,7(2):1741-1751.
[10]韦月平,王鹏.不同锌源对舍饲辽宁绒山羊产绒性能的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2008,47(9):1056-1058.
[11]SALAMA A A,CAJA G,ALBANELL E,et al.Effects of dietary supplem ents of zinc-m ethionine on m ilk production,udder health and zinc m etabolism in dairy goats[J].Journal of Dairy Research,2003,70(1):9-17.
[12]PUCHALA R,SAHLU T,DAVIS J J.Effects of zincm ethionine on perform ance of Angora goats[J].Sm all Rum inant Research,1999,33(1):1-8.
[13]高建伟.不同锌源和水平在奶山羊肠道的消化吸收及对相关内分泌的影响[D].硕士学位论文.郑州:河南农业大学,2010:18-20.
[14]魏云霞,肖玉萍,杨保平,等.河西绒山羊绒毛生长的季节性变化规律及其与生长激素关系的研究[J].中国草食动物科学,2012,32(6):10-13.
[15]BAI W L,YIN R H,YIN R L,et al.IGF-1 mRNA splicing variants in Liaoning cashm ere goat:identification,characterization,and transcriptional patterns in skin and visceral organs[J].Anim al Biotechnology,2013,24(2):81-93.
[16]胡秀芝,王永军.绒山羊毛囊的周期性发育及其分子调控研究进展[J].家畜生态学报,2012,33(3):1-6.
[17]张春善.动物必需微量元素营养学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007:115.
[18]李聚才,张春珍,庞琪艳,等.动物微量元素锌营养研究进展[J].宁夏农林科技,2007(6):30-32.
[19]李利根,郭振荣,赵霖,等.缺锌和补锌对烫伤大鼠血清和组织锌含量,含锌酶、激素、蛋白质的影响[J].中华临床营养杂志,2006,14(1):29-32.