塞块式量热计隔热结构的改进与试验分析
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摘要
为了提高塞块式量热计的热流测量精准度,对其隔热结构进行了改进:将原隔热套改为中空结构,大幅度减小量热基体的不稳定侧向传热;设计了与改进隔热套匹配的封装壳结构,使量热计标定时的隔热特性能够完整保留至测试环境中。经数值计算和优化,确定了量热计各部件的较优尺寸,验证了改进措施的有效性。热流标定对比试验结果表明:改进后的塞块式量热计的测量准度和精度都有较大提高。风洞试验考核结果表明:单个塞块式量热计的重复性精度优于3%;不同塞块式量热计的个体差异小,在对称位置,测量偏差小于3%;与水冷戈登计比较,相同来流条件下测量偏差小于4%。
The heat insulation structure of the slug calorimeter was improved in order to enhance the measurement accuracy.The insulating sleeve with hollow structure was designed,which could excessively decrease the unstable lateral heat transfer.By designing package shell structure matched with the slug calorimeter,the heat insulation structure and heat transfer characteristics in calibration could be kept in the heat flux measurement.Numerical calculation analysis was given,which illustrates the validation of the improvement method.Based on the numerical calculation,the size of the slug calorimeter components was optimized.Then the calibration experiment was carried out.The results show that the test accuracy and precision of the slug calorimeter are improved greatly.Finally,the wind tunnel test was carried out.The test results show that the repeatability accuracy of the slug calorimeter is less than 3%.The deviation of measurement values from different slug calorimeters is less than 3%in the same fluid field.The deviation of measurement values between the slug calorimeter and the Gardon gage is less than 4%in the same fluid field.
The heat insulation structure of the slug calorimeter was improved in order to enhance the measurement accuracy.The insulating sleeve with hollow structure was designed,which could excessively decrease the unstable lateral heat transfer.By designing package shell structure matched with the slug calorimeter,the heat insulation structure and heat transfer characteristics in calibration could be kept in the heat flux measurement.Numerical calculation analysis was given,which illustrates the validation of the improvement method.Based on the numerical calculation,the size of the slug calorimeter components was optimized.Then the calibration experiment was carried out.The results show that the test accuracy and precision of the slug calorimeter are improved greatly.Finally,the wind tunnel test was carried out.The test results show that the repeatability accuracy of the slug calorimeter is less than 3%.The deviation of measurement values from different slug calorimeters is less than 3%in the same fluid field.The deviation of measurement values between the slug calorimeter and the Gardon gage is less than 4%in the same fluid field.
引文
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[20]张志成,潘梅林,刘初平,等.高超声速气动热与热防护[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2003.Zhang Z C,Pan M L,Liu C P,et al.Hypersonic aerothermodynamics and thermal protection[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2003.
[2]侯玉柱,郑京良,董威.高超声速飞行器瞬态热试验[J].航空动力学报,2010,25(2):343-347.Hou Y Z,Zheng J L,Dong W.Transient test of aerodynamic heating for hypersonic vehicle[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2010,25(2):343-347.
[3]韩海涛,陈智,胡龙飞,等.基于高温热管的超燃燃烧室热防护结构[J].航空动力学报,2017,32(5):1043-1049.Han H T,Chen Z,Hu L F,et al.High temperature heat pipe enhanced thermal protection structure for scramjet combustion chamber[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2017,32(5):1043-1049.
[4]刘强,崔赢午,陈志会,等.高气动加热环境下运载器局部防热设计与试验研究[J].强度与环境,2016,43(1):54-59.Liu Q,Cui Y W,Chen Z H,et al.The study on topical TPSdesign for hypersonic aerocraft[J].Structure&Environment Engineering,2016,43(1):54-59.
[5]吴大方,周岸峰,郑力铭,等.瞬态热冲击环境下金属蜂窝板结构的热防护特性[J].航空动力学报,2014,29(6):1261-1271.Wu D F,Zhou A F,Zheng L M,et al.Thermal protection performances of metallic honeycomb panel structure at transient at transient thermal shock environment[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2014,29(6):1261-1271.
[6]张志豪,孙得川.飞行器气动加热烧蚀工程计算[J].兵工学报,2015,36(10):1949-1954.Zhang Z H,Sun D C.Calculation of aerodynamic heating and ablation of multi-layer thermal protection material[J].Acta Armamentarii,2015,36(10):1949-1954.
[7]蒋友娣,董葳,陈勇.高超声速钝头体变熵流表面热流计算[J].航空动力学报,2008,23(9):1591-1594.Jiang Y D,Dong W,Chen Y.Surface heat flux calculation of variable entropy flow for hypersonic blunt bodies[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2008,23(9):1591-1594.
[8]杨庆涛,王辉,朱新新,等.无水冷条件下温度与热流复合传感器设计与试验[J].兵工学报,2016,37(2):193-202.Yang Q T,Wang H,Zhu X X,et al.Design and test of a hybrid sensor for temperature and heat flux measurement without water-cooling[J].Acta Armamentarii,2016,37(2):193-202.
[9]刘初平.气动热与热防护试验热流测量[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2010.Liu C P.Heat flux measurement in aerothermodynamics and thermal protection test[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2010.
[10]Hightower T M,Olivares R A,Philippidis D.Thermal capacitance(slug)calorimeter theory including heat losses and other decaying processes[R].NASA/TM-2008-215364.
[11]Nawaz A,Santos J A.Assessing calorimeter evaluation methods in convective and radiative heat flux environment[R].AIAA-2010-4905,2010.
[12]Nawaz A,Gorbunov S,Terrazas-Salinas I,et al.Investigation of slug calorimeter gap influence for plasma stream characterization[R].AIAA-2012-3186,2012.
[13]杨庆涛,白菡尘,张涛,等.隔热结构对塞块式量热计热流测量的影响[J].实验流体力学,2014,28(5):92-98.Yang Q T,Bai H C,Zhang T,et al.Effects of adiabatic structure on heat flux measurement using a slug calorimeter[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2014,28(5):92-98.
[14]许考,陈连忠.导管内塞式量热计热流测量试验及数值模拟研究[J].实验流体力学,2015,29(2):84-89.Xu K,Chen L Z.Experimental and numerical simulation studies on heat flux measurement for slug calorimeters in the conduit[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2015,29(2):84-89.
[15]吴登倍.接触热阻试验与数值模拟[D].北京:北京交通大学,2011.Wu D B.Experiment and numerical simulation of thermal contact resistance[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2011.
[16]Murthy A V,Tsai B K,Saunders R D.Radiative calibration of heat-flux sensors at NIST:facilities and techniques[J].Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology,2000,105(2):293-305.
[17]朱新新,王辉,杨庆涛,等.弧光灯热流标定系统的光学设计[J].光学学报,2016,36(11):234-240.Zhu X X,Wang H,Yang Q T,et al.Optical design of arc lamp heat flux calibration system[J].Acta Optical Sinica,2016,36(11):234-240.
[18]朱新新,王辉,刘洪波,等.弧光灯热流标定系统光源的仿真设计[J].光学学报,2016,36(4):246-252.Zhu X X,Wang H,Liu H B,et al.Simulation design of the arc lamp system for heat flux sensor calibration[J].Acta Optical Sinica,2016,36(4):246-252.
[19]罗跃,杨凯,黄伟,等.用于高温高压剪切流场的Gardon计研制[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(29):139-143.Luo Y,Yang K,Huang W,et al.Design and fabrication of Gardon gage used in shear flow field of high temperature/pressure[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(29):139-143.
[20]张志成,潘梅林,刘初平,等.高超声速气动热与热防护[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2003.Zhang Z C,Pan M L,Liu C P,et al.Hypersonic aerothermodynamics and thermal protection[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2003.