芷江白蜡虫优势寄生蜂发生规律及综合防治
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摘要
湖南芷江是我国传统的虫白蜡产区,素有"白蜡之乡"的美誉,但因受病虫害及气候条件等影响,芷江虫白蜡生产上一直未能实现种虫自给自足。本文研究了芷江白蜡虫生产过程中寄生蜂发生规律及综合防治方法,结果表明:芷江白蜡虫种虫生产上受寄生蜂危害严重,寄生率最高达91.3%,平均为56.1%,大量引发白蜡虫种虫绝收,寄生蜂危害是导致芷江长期不能规模化培育白蜡虫种虫的最直接原因。跳小蜂科的白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂、白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂、中华花翅跳小蜂是白蜡虫优势寄生蜂,种群数量占寄生蜂混合种群数量的90%以上。7月至10月是寄生蜂危害高峰期。寄生蜂的优势种类结构及发生规律与云南昆明等白蜡虫种虫传统产区相比有明显差异,建议抓住优势种群危害高峰期,开展白蜡虫寄生蜂的综合控制。
Zhijiang County of Hunan is a traditional Chinese wax producing area,known as the "hometown of white wax".However,insect white wax of Zhijiang has not been able to achieve brood insect production self-sufficiency.In this paper,the seasonal occurrences and comprehensive control method of parasitic wasps in the cultivation of white wax insects in Zhijiang were studied.The results showed that,the production of white wax insects brood insects in Zhijiang was serious endangered by parasitic wasps,damage rate was up to 91.3%.The average parasitic rate was 56.1%,when the damage was serious,it led to a break.The damage of parasitic wasp was the most direct cause for the inability of large-scale cultivation of white wax insects brood insects for a long time in Zhijiang.Metaphycus ericeri,Microterys ericeriand Microterys sinicus of Encyrtidae were the dominant parasitic wasps on white wax insect,the population of Encyrtidae was more than 90% of the total parasitic wasps.From July to October was the harm peak period of the parasitic wasp.The dominant species structure and occurrence pattern of parasitic wasps in Zhijiang showed a significant difference with that in Yunnan Kunming and other traditional production of white wax insects brood insects areas.It was suggested to take advantage of the harm peak period of dominant population and develop the integrated control of parasitic wasps.
Zhijiang County of Hunan is a traditional Chinese wax producing area,known as the "hometown of white wax".However,insect white wax of Zhijiang has not been able to achieve brood insect production self-sufficiency.In this paper,the seasonal occurrences and comprehensive control method of parasitic wasps in the cultivation of white wax insects in Zhijiang were studied.The results showed that,the production of white wax insects brood insects in Zhijiang was serious endangered by parasitic wasps,damage rate was up to 91.3%.The average parasitic rate was 56.1%,when the damage was serious,it led to a break.The damage of parasitic wasp was the most direct cause for the inability of large-scale cultivation of white wax insects brood insects for a long time in Zhijiang.Metaphycus ericeri,Microterys ericeriand Microterys sinicus of Encyrtidae were the dominant parasitic wasps on white wax insect,the population of Encyrtidae was more than 90% of the total parasitic wasps.From July to October was the harm peak period of the parasitic wasp.The dominant species structure and occurrence pattern of parasitic wasps in Zhijiang showed a significant difference with that in Yunnan Kunming and other traditional production of white wax insects brood insects areas.It was suggested to take advantage of the harm peak period of dominant population and develop the integrated control of parasitic wasps.
引文
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[14]张长海.白蜡虫在我国的地理分布[J].林业科学研究,1991,4(2):192-196.
[15]吴次彬,朱伟,冉江红.对白蜡虫种虫和白蜡生产布局问题的探讨[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版),1991,28(3):345-352.
[16]陈晓鸣,王自力,陈勇,等.环境因子对白蜡虫泌蜡的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(1):103-112.
[17]张长海,刘化琴,李立,等.白蜡虫种虫生产中“三红三黑”原因研究[J].林业科学研究,1999,12(7):37-41.
[2]段琼芬,马李一,郑华,等.几种高级烷醇的研究概述[J].林产化工通讯,2005,39(2):42-47.
[3]王有琼,段琼芬,赵虹,等.绿色产品-生物蜡[J].中国林副特产,2002(3):28-29.
[4]万益锋.白蜡虫放养袋防治寄生蜂和蜡象的研究[J].经济林研究,1989,7(2):74-75.
[5]万益锋,谭成机,万木春.白蜡虫寄生蜂的种类及其防治[J].林业科学研究,1995,8(专刊):56-59.
[6]焦懿,赵萍.白蜡虫泌蜡期天敌群落的研究[J].生态学报,1999,19(5):732-736.
[7]徐志宏,万益锋.湘西白蜡虫寄生蜂名录及一新种记述[J].中南林学院学报,1991,11(1):71-74.
[8]焦懿,赵萍.不同产地白蜡虫(Ericerus pela Chavannes)产卵期天敌的种类及其群落结构研究[J].生态学报,2001,21(7):1148-1152.
[9]喻锦秀,张烜.白蜡虫天敌寄生蜂种类、危害及其防治[J].湖南林业科技,2010,37(3):48-50.
[10]赵杰军,王自力,王绍云,等.昆明地区白蜡虫天敌寄生蜂种群结构与动态研究[J].林业科学研究,2004,17(6):746-750.
[11]王自力.白蜡虫优势寄生蜂行为学特征研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2010:71-75.
[12]吴次彬.白蜡虫及白蜡生产[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1989:1-78.
[13]陈晓鸣,王自力,陈勇,等.影响白蜡虫泌蜡主要气候因子及白蜡虫生态适应性分析[J].昆虫学报,2007,50(2):136-143.
[14]张长海.白蜡虫在我国的地理分布[J].林业科学研究,1991,4(2):192-196.
[15]吴次彬,朱伟,冉江红.对白蜡虫种虫和白蜡生产布局问题的探讨[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版),1991,28(3):345-352.
[16]陈晓鸣,王自力,陈勇,等.环境因子对白蜡虫泌蜡的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(1):103-112.
[17]张长海,刘化琴,李立,等.白蜡虫种虫生产中“三红三黑”原因研究[J].林业科学研究,1999,12(7):37-41.