非传统TiC合成研究进展
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摘要
传统上,TiC一直采用碳热还原法进行生产.该法存在温度高,设备要求严格和产品纯度低等不足.为了加深针对上述不足和TiC产品特殊需求而开发的一些非传统的TiC合成方法的了解,文中根据反应机理,将非传统的TiC合成方法按照活泼金属热还原法、化学气相沉积法(CVD)、直接碳化法和电化学还原法等进行了分类和评述.对比发现,电化学还原法合成TiC具有原料成本低、合成温度低、工艺简单和对环境友好等特点,该法必将引起学术界和产业界的关注.
TiC has traditionally been produced by the carbon-thermal reduction method, which has some drawbacks, including high temperature, equipment demanding and low-purity products. Some non-traditional synthetic ways are developed to overcome the carbon-thermal reduction deficiencies and meet the market demands. This paper classifies and analyzes these non-traditional TiC synthetic methods according to their reaction mechanisms. These methods include metal-thermal reduction, chemical vapor deposition, direct carbonation and electrochemical reduction. The results indicate that the electrochemical reduction has the advantages of low raw materials cost, low synthetic temperature, simple technology and environment friendliness, which will ensure the attention of academic world and industrial community.
TiC has traditionally been produced by the carbon-thermal reduction method, which has some drawbacks, including high temperature, equipment demanding and low-purity products. Some non-traditional synthetic ways are developed to overcome the carbon-thermal reduction deficiencies and meet the market demands. This paper classifies and analyzes these non-traditional TiC synthetic methods according to their reaction mechanisms. These methods include metal-thermal reduction, chemical vapor deposition, direct carbonation and electrochemical reduction. The results indicate that the electrochemical reduction has the advantages of low raw materials cost, low synthetic temperature, simple technology and environment friendliness, which will ensure the attention of academic world and industrial community.
引文
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[3]Lee D W,Alexandrovskii S V,Kim B K.Novel synthesis of substoichiometric ultrafine titanium carbide[J].Materials Letters,2004,58(9):1471-1474.
[4]Lee D W,Alexandrovskii S,Kim B K.Mg-thermal reduction of Ti Cl4+CxCl4solution for producing ultrafine titanium carbide[J].Materials chemistry and physics,2004,88(1):23-26.
[5]Ma J,Wu M,Du Y,et al.Synthesis of nanocrystalline titanium carbide with a new convenient route at low temperature and its thermal stability[J].Materials Science and Engineering:B,2008,153(1):96-99.
[6]Chen Y,Zhang H,Ma D K,et al.Synthesis,thermal stability,and photocatalytic activity of nanocrystalline titanium carbide[J].Materials Research Bulletin,2011,46(11):1800-1803.
[7]Ye X S,Lu X G,Li C H,et al.Preparation of Ti-Fe based hydrogen storage alloy by SOM method[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2011,36(7):4573-4579.
[8]张联盟,黄学辉,宋晓岚.材料科学基础[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2004:470-473.
[9]朱康英.机械化学置换反应合成碳化钛和二硼化钛[J].稀有金属快报,2003(4):21-22.
[10]Feng X,Bai Y J,LüB,et al.Easy synthesis of Ti C nanocrystallite[J].Journal of crystal growth,2004,264(1):316-319.
[11]丁军,祝洪喜,邓承继,等.Ti C粉体的制备及其应用[J].武汉科技大学学报,2008,31:378-380.
[12]Cetinkaya S,Eroglu S.Chemical vapor deposition of carbon on particulate Ti O2from CH4and subsequent carbothermal reduction for the synthesis of nanocrystalline Ti C powders[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2011,31(5):869-876.
[13]郭海明,舒武炳.化学气相沉积碳化钛的热力学和动力学研究[J].材料工程,1998(10):25-29.
[14]王坤杰,郭全贵,史景利,等.在位反应制备Ti C涂层的动力学研究[J].材料工程,2008(增刊1):169-171.
[15]宋武林,朱培蒂,陶曾毅,等.激光化学气相沉积Ti C,Ti N类陶瓷薄膜概况[J].材料导报,1994(1):9.
[16]譕emli觬ka R,Jílek M,Vogl P,et al.Understanding of hybrid PVD-PECVD process with the aim of growing hard nc-Ti C/a C:H coatings using industrial devices with a rotating cylindrical magnetron[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2014,255:118-123.
[17]石玉龙,彭红瑞.PCVD制备工业硬膜研究[J].微细加工技术,1995(4):30-37.
[18]赵程,张学农.PCVD-Ti C膜的工艺及其应用研究[J].青岛化工学院学报(自然科学版),1997,18(2):170-174.
[19]李玉新,白培康,刘斌,等.LISHS法制备Ti C粉末的微观结构和相成分的分析[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2010,18(5):801-806.
[20]Tong L,Reddy R G.Synthesis of titaniumcarbide nano-powders by thermal plasma[J].Scripta Materialia,2005,52:1253-1258.
[21]丁力,曾令可,刘平安,等.微波合成纳米Ti C超微粉体的原理及设备[J].陶瓷,2007(2):4-6.
[22]于瀛秀,董星龙,薛方红,等.碳包覆碳化钛壳/核型纳米材料制备及其电催化性能[J].纳米科技,2013(1):59-63.
[23]Jiang X L,Boulos M.Synthesis of titanium carbide by induction plasma reactive spray[J].中国有色金属学会会刊:英文版,2004,14(1):15-19.
[24]魏红菊,吴一,龙飞,等.超细Ti C粉体制备的研究现状及展望[J].材料导报,2008(1):112-114.
[25]赵杰.自蔓延高温合成新型碳化钛磨料[J].南京化工大学学报,1999,21(6):20-25.
[26]陈怡元,邹正光,龙飞.碳源对自蔓延高温合成Ti C粉末的影响[J].桂林工学院学报,2007,26(4):534-537.
[27]李劲风,子樵.燃烧合成(Ti,W)C的形成过程[J].稀有金属与硬质合金,2001(4):1-6.
[28]徐小平,刘宇.碳化钛的自蔓延燃烧合成[J].燃烧科学与技术,1995,1(4):319-324.
[29]罗序明,吕海波.碳反应物几何形态对碳化钛自蔓延高温合成过程的影响[J].矿冶工程,1995,15(2):56-59.
[30]孙晓冬,梅炳初.Al含量对Ti C自蔓延高温合成过程的影响[J].硅酸盐学报,1997,25(5):579-582.
[31]王金淑,周美玲.自蔓延法制备Ti C粉末的研究[J].北京工业大学学报,1998,24(3):29-33.
[32]夏斌华,郭幸华.SHS法合成Ti C碳原子饱和度的影响因素研究[J].硬质合金,1996,13(4):207-212.
[33]夏斌华,吕海波.SHS法合成Ti C的晶体结构形成过程分析[J].稀有金属与硬质合金,1996(3):6-12.
[34]Lee J H,Thadhani N N.Reaction synthesis mechanism in dynamically densified Ti+C powder compacts[J].Scripta materialia,1997,37(12):1979-1985.
[35]Dong Q,Dong L,Zhao M,et al.Analysis of in situ reaction and pressureless infiltration process in fabricating Ti C/Mg composites[J].Cailiao Kexue Yu Jishu(Journal of Materials Science&Technology)(China),2004,20:3-7.
[36]Fan Q,Gu M,Jin Z.Mechanism of combustion synthesis of Ti C-Ti cermet[J].Journal of Wuhan University of TechnologyMater.Sci.Ed.,2007,22(3):502-505.
[37]汪华林,李海林.自蔓延高温合成碳化钛粉末[J].稀有金属材料与工程,1995,24(2):8-17.
[38]刘平安,曾令可,税安泽,等.超细碳化钛粉体的制备及应用研究进展[J].兵器材料科学与工程,2006,29(5):82-85.
[39]朱心昆,程抱昌,林秋实,等.Ti C的新型制备方法[J].机械工程材料,2000,24(6):5-7.
[40]刘长松,殷声.自蔓延高温合成(SHS)反应机械合金化[J].稀有金属,1999,23(2):137-141.
[41]朱心昆,赵昆渝,程抱昌,等.高能球磨制备纳米Ti C粉末[J].中国有色金属学报,2001,11(2):269-272.
[42]朱心昆,赵昆渝.在不同球磨机上合成Ti C粉末的研究[J].昆明理工大学学报(理工版),2000,25(6):57-59.
[43]陈灿坤,柳忠元,向建勇,等.机械合金化制备碳化钛纳米粉体的合成机理研究[J].燕山大学学报,2012,36(2):136-140.
[44]Ali M,Basu P.Mechanochemical synthesis of nanostructured titanium carbide from industrial Fe-Ti[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2010,491(1):581-583.
[45]Bo L I,Lishan C U I,Yanjun Z,et al.Synthesis of Ti C powder by mechanical alloying of titanium and asphalt[J].Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2007,15(1):138-140.
[46]陈文怡,周建.高能球磨法制备不锈钢-Ti C纳米复合粉末的研究[J].功能材料,2007,38(4):669-671.
[47]陈文怡,周建.球磨时间对Ti C-不锈钢复合粉料粒度和组织的影响[J].热加工工艺,2007,36(10):12-14.
[48]Yuan Q,Zheng Y,Yu H.Mechanism of synthesizing nanocrystalline Ti C in different milling atmospheres[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2009,27(4):696-700.
[49]Jia H,Zhang Z,Qi Z,et al.Formation of nanocrystalline Ti C from titanium and different carbon sources by mechanical alloying[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2009,472(1):97-103.
[50]Cui X L.The Mechanism for Nanometer-Sized Ti C Synthesizing by Mechanical&Thermal Activation Processing[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English letters),2009,18(3):319-324.
[51]徐慢,王为民.Ti C纳米晶粉的制备及特性[J].矿冶工程,1996,16(3):69-71.
[52]胡俊华,吴玉萍,曹明,等.高能球磨对等离子控制原位合成Ti C/Ni熔覆层的影响[J].金属热处理,2008,32(11):30-33.
[53]贾丽改,熊代余.冲击波方法合成Ti C的影响因素[J].有色金属,2002,54(4):1-4.
[54]贾丽改,熊代余.冲击波方法合成Ti C机理的研究[J].有色金属,2001,53(4):1-3.
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