烟叶产地与部位对卷烟主流烟气焦油和7种有害成分释放量的影响
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摘要
为考察国内烟叶产地及烟叶部位对卷烟主流烟气焦油和7种有害成分释放量的影响,选取国内代表性烟叶产区不同部位烟叶样品467个,卷制成单料烟并测试烟气焦油、7种代表性有害成分和烟碱释放量,研究了烟叶产地和部位对卷烟主流烟气焦油、卷烟危害性评价指数(H)、7种代表性有害成分及烟碱释放量的影响。结果表明:(1)烟叶产地对NNK的单位燃烧烟丝质量释放量影响最大,其次为氨、HCN和苯酚等3种成分,对焦油、烟碱、H、B[a]P、巴豆醛、CO等指标影响较小。(2)烟叶产地对氨和NNK的单位烟碱释放量影响最大,其次为HCN、巴豆醛、B[a]P、苯酚和CO等5种成分,对焦油和H影响较小。(3)烟叶部位对氨、烟碱、苯酚、NNK等4种成分的单位燃烧烟丝质量释放量影响显著,对焦油、H、HCN、B[a]P、巴豆醛、CO等指标影响较小。(4)烟叶部位对巴豆醛、CO、NNK、B[a]P和HCN等5种成分的单位烟碱释放量影响显著,对焦油、H、氨和苯酚等指标影响较小。通过调控卷烟配方中烟叶的产地和部位,有助于降低烟气中焦油、7种有害成分的单位燃烧烟丝质量释放量或单位烟碱释放量。
In order to investigate the effects of growing area and stalk position of tobacco leaves on the releases of tar and seven harmful components in mainstream cigarette smoke,467 flue-cured tobacco samples from different stalk positions were collected from representative tobacco planting areas in China.The releases of tar,seven harmful components and nicotine in the mainstream smoke of cigarettes made of single-grade tobacco were determined.The effects of growing area and stalk position of tobacco leaves on the Hazard Index of cigarette smoke and the releases of tar,seven harmful components and nicotine in mainstream cigarette smoke were studied.The results showed that: 1) On per mass unit cut tobacco basis,growing area affected the release of NNK most significantly,followed by the releases of ammonia,HCN and phenol,its influences on tar,Hazard Index,nicotine,B[a]P,crotonaldehyde and CO were less.2) On per unit nicotine basis,growing area influenced the releases of ammonia and NNK most significantly,followed by HCN,crotonaldehyde,B[a]P,phenol and CO,its effects on tar and Hazard Index were less.3) On per mass unit cut tobacco basis,stalk position significantly influenced the releases of ammonia,nicotine,phenol and NNK,and slightly influenced Hazard Index and the releases of tar,HCN,B[a]P,crotonaldehyde and CO.4) On per unit nicotine basis,stalk position significantly affected the releases of crotonaldehyde,CO,NNK,B[a]P and HCN,and slightly influenced Hazard Index and the releases of tar,ammonia and phenol.Adjusting the proportions of leaves from different areas or stalk positions in cigarette blend could reduce the releases of tar and seven harmful components on per mass unit cut tobacco basis or per unit nicotine basis.
In order to investigate the effects of growing area and stalk position of tobacco leaves on the releases of tar and seven harmful components in mainstream cigarette smoke,467 flue-cured tobacco samples from different stalk positions were collected from representative tobacco planting areas in China.The releases of tar,seven harmful components and nicotine in the mainstream smoke of cigarettes made of single-grade tobacco were determined.The effects of growing area and stalk position of tobacco leaves on the Hazard Index of cigarette smoke and the releases of tar,seven harmful components and nicotine in mainstream cigarette smoke were studied.The results showed that: 1) On per mass unit cut tobacco basis,growing area affected the release of NNK most significantly,followed by the releases of ammonia,HCN and phenol,its influences on tar,Hazard Index,nicotine,B[a]P,crotonaldehyde and CO were less.2) On per unit nicotine basis,growing area influenced the releases of ammonia and NNK most significantly,followed by HCN,crotonaldehyde,B[a]P,phenol and CO,its effects on tar and Hazard Index were less.3) On per mass unit cut tobacco basis,stalk position significantly influenced the releases of ammonia,nicotine,phenol and NNK,and slightly influenced Hazard Index and the releases of tar,HCN,B[a]P,crotonaldehyde and CO.4) On per unit nicotine basis,stalk position significantly affected the releases of crotonaldehyde,CO,NNK,B[a]P and HCN,and slightly influenced Hazard Index and the releases of tar,ammonia and phenol.Adjusting the proportions of leaves from different areas or stalk positions in cigarette blend could reduce the releases of tar and seven harmful components on per mass unit cut tobacco basis or per unit nicotine basis.
引文
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[5]田海英,张展,聂聪,等.烟丝添加剂在卷烟降焦减害中的研究进展[J].中国烟草学报,2016,22(5):142-153.TIAN Haiying,ZHANG Zhan,NIE Cong,et al.Research advances in applying additives to cut tobacco to reduce tar and harmful components in cigarettes[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2016,22(5):142-153.
[6]谢兰英,钟科军,刘琦,等.纤维素纸沟槽滤嘴选择性降低卷烟烟气中有害成分[J].烟草科技,2017,50(5):45-52.XIE Lanying,ZHONG Kejun,LIU Qi,et al.Selectively reducing harmful components in mainstream cigarette smoke with grooved cellulose paper filter[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2017,50(5):45-52.
[7]张霞,刘巍,张涛,等.烟叶原料对卷烟主流烟气7项有害成分释放量的影响研究[J].中国烟草学报,2013,19(6):1-8.ZHANG Xia,LIU Wei,ZHANG Tao,et al.Research of the effects of tobacco leaf on deliveries of seven harmful components in mainstream cigarette smoke[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2013,19(6):1-8.
[8]吴清辉.不同配方组分对卷烟主流烟气苯酚释放量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(21):13073-13074,13084.WU Qinghui.Effects of cigarette blends on phenol of mainstream smoke[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(21):13073-13074,13084.
[9]蔡国华,白雪平,张建平,等.不同叶组配方对卷烟主流烟气巴豆醛释放量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(3):1453-1454,1471.CAI Guohua,BAI Xueping,ZHANG Jianping,et al.Effect of cigarette blend on crotonaldehyde of mainstream smoke[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(3):1453-1454,1471.
[10]杨松,孙培健,孙学辉,等.国内外烤烟烟气焦油、7种代表性有害成分及烟碱释放量对比分析研究[J].中国烟草学报,2017,23(3):28-37.YANG Song,SUN Peijian,SUN Xuehui,et al.Comparative analysis of tar,nicotine,and seven representative harmful components deliveries between flue-cured tobacco of domestic and foreign origins[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2017,23(3):28-37.
[11]彭斌,赵乐,孙学辉,等.烟叶部位对卷烟主流烟气7种有害成分释放量的影响[J].烟草科技,2012(11):42-44.PENG Bin,ZHAO Le,SUN Xuehui,et al.Relationships between stalk position of tobacco leaves and deliveries of 7 harmful compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2012(11):42-44.
[12]陈敏,郭吉兆,郑赛晶,等.烟叶部位、产地与卷烟主流烟气七种有害成分释放量关系研究[J].中国烟草学报,2012,18(5):16-22.CHEN Min,GUO Jizhao,ZHENG Saijing,et al.Investigation of seven harmful components in mainstream smoke in cigarettes from different stalk positions and growing areas[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2012,18(5):16-22.
[13]彭斌,李旭华,赵乐,等.“三丝”掺兑量对卷烟主流烟气有害成分释放量的影响[J].烟草科技,2011,44(11):40-43.PENG Bin,LI Xuhua,ZHAO Le,et al.Effects of expanded cut stem,expanded cut tobacco and reconstituted tobacco inclusion on deliveries of harmful components in mainstream cigarette smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2011,44(11):40-43.
[14]谢金栋,黄朝章,吴清辉.卷烟叶组配方对主流烟气氨的影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(24):256-260.XIE Jindong,HUANG Chaozhang,WU Qinghui.Effects of cigarette blend on ammonia of mainstream smoke[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,28(24):256-260.
[15]GB/T 19609—2004卷烟用常规分析用吸烟机测定总粒相物和焦油[S].GB/T 19609—2004 Cigarette—Determination of total and nicotine-free dry particulate matter using a routine analytical smoking machine[S].
[16]GB/T 23356—2009卷烟烟气气相中一氧化碳的测定非散射红外法[S].GB/T 23356—2009 Cigarettes—Determination of carbon monoxide in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke—NDIR method[S].
[17]YC/T 253—2008卷烟主流烟气中氰化氢的测定连续流动法[S].YC/T 253—2008 Cigarettes—Determination of hydrogen cyanide in cigarette mainstream smoke—Continuous flow method[S].
[18]GB/T 23228—2008卷烟主流烟气总粒相物中烟草特有N-亚硝胺的测定气相色谱-热能分析联用法[S].GB/T 23228—2008 Cigarette—Determination of tobacco specific N-nitrosamines in total particulate matter of mainstream cigarette smoke—GC-TEA method[S].
[19]GB/T 21130—2007卷烟烟气总粒相物中苯并[a]芘的测定[S].GB/T 21130—2007 Cigarettes—Determination of benzo[a]pyrene in total particulate matter[S].
[20]YC/T 255—2008卷烟主流烟气中主要酚类化合物的测定高效液相色谱法[S].YC/T 255—2008 Cigarettes—Determination of major phenolic compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke—High performance liquid chromatographic method[S].
[21]YC/T 254—2008卷烟主流烟气中主要羰基化合物的测定高效液相色谱法[S].YC/T 254—2008 Cigarettes—Determination of major carbonyls in mainstream cigarette smoke—High performance liquid chromatographic method[S].
[22]YC/T 377—2010卷烟主流烟气中氨的测定离子色谱法[S].YC/T 377—2010 Cigarettes—Determination of ammonia in mainstream cigarette smoke—Ion chromatography method[S].
[23]GB/T 23355—2009卷烟总粒相物中烟碱的测定气相色谱法[S].GB/T 23355—2009 Cigarettes—Determination of nicotine in smoke condensates—Gas-chromatographic method[S].
[24]王志国,刘巍,杜文,等.一种检测卷烟抽吸比率的方法:CN201210447553.2[P].2013-01-30.WANG Zhiguo,LIU Wei,DU Wen,et al.A method for detecting cigarette smoking ratio:CN201210447553.2[P].2013-01-30.
[2]孙学辉,杨松,孙培健,等.基于卷烟降焦减害的滤嘴添加剂研究与应用进展[J].烟草科技,2017,50(2):86-96.SUN Xuehui,YANG Song,SUN Peijian,et al.Progress in research and application of filter additives to reducing tar and harmful components in cigarette smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2017,50(2):86-96.
[3]金勇,王诗太,李克,等.卷烟滤嘴在降焦减害中的研究进展[J].烟草科技,2016,49(11):98-106.JIN Yong,WANG Shitai,LI Ke,et al.Recent advance in application of cigarette filter to reducing tar and harmful components in cigarette smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2016,49(11):98-106.
[4]刘鸿,费婷,郑赛晶,等.卷烟纸特性对卷烟主流烟气有害成分释放量影响的研究进展[J].烟草科技,2017,50(4):93-102.LIU Hong,FEI Ting,ZHENG Saijing,et al.Recent advances in effects of cigarette paper characteristics on release of harmful components in mainstream cigarette smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2017,50(4):93-102.
[5]田海英,张展,聂聪,等.烟丝添加剂在卷烟降焦减害中的研究进展[J].中国烟草学报,2016,22(5):142-153.TIAN Haiying,ZHANG Zhan,NIE Cong,et al.Research advances in applying additives to cut tobacco to reduce tar and harmful components in cigarettes[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2016,22(5):142-153.
[6]谢兰英,钟科军,刘琦,等.纤维素纸沟槽滤嘴选择性降低卷烟烟气中有害成分[J].烟草科技,2017,50(5):45-52.XIE Lanying,ZHONG Kejun,LIU Qi,et al.Selectively reducing harmful components in mainstream cigarette smoke with grooved cellulose paper filter[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2017,50(5):45-52.
[7]张霞,刘巍,张涛,等.烟叶原料对卷烟主流烟气7项有害成分释放量的影响研究[J].中国烟草学报,2013,19(6):1-8.ZHANG Xia,LIU Wei,ZHANG Tao,et al.Research of the effects of tobacco leaf on deliveries of seven harmful components in mainstream cigarette smoke[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2013,19(6):1-8.
[8]吴清辉.不同配方组分对卷烟主流烟气苯酚释放量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(21):13073-13074,13084.WU Qinghui.Effects of cigarette blends on phenol of mainstream smoke[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(21):13073-13074,13084.
[9]蔡国华,白雪平,张建平,等.不同叶组配方对卷烟主流烟气巴豆醛释放量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(3):1453-1454,1471.CAI Guohua,BAI Xueping,ZHANG Jianping,et al.Effect of cigarette blend on crotonaldehyde of mainstream smoke[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(3):1453-1454,1471.
[10]杨松,孙培健,孙学辉,等.国内外烤烟烟气焦油、7种代表性有害成分及烟碱释放量对比分析研究[J].中国烟草学报,2017,23(3):28-37.YANG Song,SUN Peijian,SUN Xuehui,et al.Comparative analysis of tar,nicotine,and seven representative harmful components deliveries between flue-cured tobacco of domestic and foreign origins[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2017,23(3):28-37.
[11]彭斌,赵乐,孙学辉,等.烟叶部位对卷烟主流烟气7种有害成分释放量的影响[J].烟草科技,2012(11):42-44.PENG Bin,ZHAO Le,SUN Xuehui,et al.Relationships between stalk position of tobacco leaves and deliveries of 7 harmful compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2012(11):42-44.
[12]陈敏,郭吉兆,郑赛晶,等.烟叶部位、产地与卷烟主流烟气七种有害成分释放量关系研究[J].中国烟草学报,2012,18(5):16-22.CHEN Min,GUO Jizhao,ZHENG Saijing,et al.Investigation of seven harmful components in mainstream smoke in cigarettes from different stalk positions and growing areas[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2012,18(5):16-22.
[13]彭斌,李旭华,赵乐,等.“三丝”掺兑量对卷烟主流烟气有害成分释放量的影响[J].烟草科技,2011,44(11):40-43.PENG Bin,LI Xuhua,ZHAO Le,et al.Effects of expanded cut stem,expanded cut tobacco and reconstituted tobacco inclusion on deliveries of harmful components in mainstream cigarette smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2011,44(11):40-43.
[14]谢金栋,黄朝章,吴清辉.卷烟叶组配方对主流烟气氨的影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(24):256-260.XIE Jindong,HUANG Chaozhang,WU Qinghui.Effects of cigarette blend on ammonia of mainstream smoke[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,28(24):256-260.
[15]GB/T 19609—2004卷烟用常规分析用吸烟机测定总粒相物和焦油[S].GB/T 19609—2004 Cigarette—Determination of total and nicotine-free dry particulate matter using a routine analytical smoking machine[S].
[16]GB/T 23356—2009卷烟烟气气相中一氧化碳的测定非散射红外法[S].GB/T 23356—2009 Cigarettes—Determination of carbon monoxide in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke—NDIR method[S].
[17]YC/T 253—2008卷烟主流烟气中氰化氢的测定连续流动法[S].YC/T 253—2008 Cigarettes—Determination of hydrogen cyanide in cigarette mainstream smoke—Continuous flow method[S].
[18]GB/T 23228—2008卷烟主流烟气总粒相物中烟草特有N-亚硝胺的测定气相色谱-热能分析联用法[S].GB/T 23228—2008 Cigarette—Determination of tobacco specific N-nitrosamines in total particulate matter of mainstream cigarette smoke—GC-TEA method[S].
[19]GB/T 21130—2007卷烟烟气总粒相物中苯并[a]芘的测定[S].GB/T 21130—2007 Cigarettes—Determination of benzo[a]pyrene in total particulate matter[S].
[20]YC/T 255—2008卷烟主流烟气中主要酚类化合物的测定高效液相色谱法[S].YC/T 255—2008 Cigarettes—Determination of major phenolic compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke—High performance liquid chromatographic method[S].
[21]YC/T 254—2008卷烟主流烟气中主要羰基化合物的测定高效液相色谱法[S].YC/T 254—2008 Cigarettes—Determination of major carbonyls in mainstream cigarette smoke—High performance liquid chromatographic method[S].
[22]YC/T 377—2010卷烟主流烟气中氨的测定离子色谱法[S].YC/T 377—2010 Cigarettes—Determination of ammonia in mainstream cigarette smoke—Ion chromatography method[S].
[23]GB/T 23355—2009卷烟总粒相物中烟碱的测定气相色谱法[S].GB/T 23355—2009 Cigarettes—Determination of nicotine in smoke condensates—Gas-chromatographic method[S].
[24]王志国,刘巍,杜文,等.一种检测卷烟抽吸比率的方法:CN201210447553.2[P].2013-01-30.WANG Zhiguo,LIU Wei,DU Wen,et al.A method for detecting cigarette smoking ratio:CN201210447553.2[P].2013-01-30.