西北荒漠灌区覆膜对紫花苜蓿农艺性状和营养价值的影响
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摘要
早春低温及干旱是限制西北荒漠灌区苜蓿高产的主要因子。覆膜种植技术可改善土壤的生态环境及作物生长状况,已成为西北干旱半干旱地区提高作物产量和品质的重要措施。本试验以覆膜(FM)为处理,不覆膜(CK)为对照,研究FM对2龄、3龄及4龄‘三得利’紫花苜蓿(Madicago sativa L.‘Sanditi’)每茬初花期农艺性状及营养价值的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,FM提高了2龄苜蓿第1、2和第4茬草的株高(P<0.05),第2茬草的干草产量(P<0.05,340.19kg·亩~(-1))和第3茬的干鲜比(P<0.05);提高了3龄苜蓿第2、3茬草的株高(P<0.05)和干草产量(P<0.05,257.18kg·亩~(-1),250.68kg·亩~(-1));提高了4龄苜蓿第2茬草的株高及鲜干比(P<0.05)。同时,在一定程度上FM显著增加了不同年份不同茬次苜蓿的Ca含量和P含量(P<0.05)。总体而言,FM使苜蓿年总产量比CK分别提高11.81%,17.48%及0.43%,分别达到1 053.06kg·亩~(-1),946.97kg·亩~(-1),1 045.50kg·亩~(-1)。
Low temperature in early spring and drought are the main factors limiting the high yield of alfalfa in the northwest desert irrigation area.The planting technology of film mulching can improve the soil ecological environment and crop growth status,and it has become an important measure to promote crop yield and quality in arid and semiarid areas of northwest China.In this paper,film mulching(FM)as treatment,without film mulching as control(CK),the effects of FM on agronomic characteristics and nutritional value of alfalfa were studied at initial flowering stage of two-year,three-year and four-year alfalfa.The results showed that compared with CK treatment,FM significantly increased plant height of the first cutting,the second cutting,the fourth cutting of two-year alfalfa,and improved dry yield of the second cutting(340.19 kg·亩~(-1))and dry-fresh ratio of the third cutting of two-year alfalfa.The plant height and dry yield(257.18 kg·亩~(-1),250.68 kg·亩~(-1))of the second cutting and the third cutting of three-year alfalfa in FM treatment were significantly increased.FM significantly enhanced plant height and dry-fresh ratio of the second cutting and dry-fresh ratio of four-year alfalfa.Meanwhile,FM significantly decreased neutral detergent fibre content and acid detergent fibre content of fourth-year alfalfa,respectively,compared with that in CK.The ether extract content of each cutting of fourth-year alfalfa in FM were significantly improved.To a certain but statistically in significant degree,FM significantly increased calcium and phos-phorus content in different years and in different cuttings of alfalfa.As a whole,the total dry yield(1053.06 kg·亩~(-1),946.97 kg·亩~(-1),1045.50 kg·亩~(-1))of alfalfa in different years in FM treatment were increased,and were 11.81%,17.48%,0.43% higher than those in CK.
Low temperature in early spring and drought are the main factors limiting the high yield of alfalfa in the northwest desert irrigation area.The planting technology of film mulching can improve the soil ecological environment and crop growth status,and it has become an important measure to promote crop yield and quality in arid and semiarid areas of northwest China.In this paper,film mulching(FM)as treatment,without film mulching as control(CK),the effects of FM on agronomic characteristics and nutritional value of alfalfa were studied at initial flowering stage of two-year,three-year and four-year alfalfa.The results showed that compared with CK treatment,FM significantly increased plant height of the first cutting,the second cutting,the fourth cutting of two-year alfalfa,and improved dry yield of the second cutting(340.19 kg·亩~(-1))and dry-fresh ratio of the third cutting of two-year alfalfa.The plant height and dry yield(257.18 kg·亩~(-1),250.68 kg·亩~(-1))of the second cutting and the third cutting of three-year alfalfa in FM treatment were significantly increased.FM significantly enhanced plant height and dry-fresh ratio of the second cutting and dry-fresh ratio of four-year alfalfa.Meanwhile,FM significantly decreased neutral detergent fibre content and acid detergent fibre content of fourth-year alfalfa,respectively,compared with that in CK.The ether extract content of each cutting of fourth-year alfalfa in FM were significantly improved.To a certain but statistically in significant degree,FM significantly increased calcium and phos-phorus content in different years and in different cuttings of alfalfa.As a whole,the total dry yield(1053.06 kg·亩~(-1),946.97 kg·亩~(-1),1045.50 kg·亩~(-1))of alfalfa in different years in FM treatment were increased,and were 11.81%,17.48%,0.43% higher than those in CK.
引文
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[17]李星月,孟凯,肖燕子,等.施肥配方对苜蓿茎叶比和干鲜比的影响[J].草原与草业,2015,27(4):32-39
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[20]黄高宝,方彦杰,李玲玲,等.旱地全膜双垄沟播玉米高效用水机制研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,(6);116-121
[21]张延林,李天银,郭世伟,等.河西走廊紫花苜蓿地膜穴播栽培技术[J].甘肃农业科技,2010,4:50-51
[22]尹国丽,贠旭疆,师尚礼,等.半干旱区沟垄集雨种植对紫花苜蓿出苗及草产量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2010,1:111-115
[23]王可,梁许清,刘强,等.不同覆膜方式对烤烟农艺性状的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(16):7110-7111,7120
[24]蔡海霞,杨浩哲,王跃卿,等.17个紫花苜蓿品种生产性能和营养成分分析[J].中国草食动物科学,2016,36(6):30-33
[25]朱博,师尚礼,倪磊,等.12个紫花苜蓿材料速生性能综合评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2014,15(2):436-440
[26]樊霞,马东霞,张苏,等.动物性饲料原料中粗脂肪含量测定的比较研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2014,14:65-71,81
[27]吕文坤,曹致中.苜蓿形态学性状与纤维含量的相关性分析[J].草业科学,2009,26(12):50-55
[28]姜义宝.钙对紫花苜蓿抗旱性影响的研究[J].草业科学,2003,6:1-2
[2]刘东霞,刘贵河,杨志敏.种植及收获因子对紫花苜蓿干草产量和茎叶比的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(03):48-57
[3]张洁,白青华,马鸿.气候变化对河西走廊中部地区主要农作物的影响[J].干旱气象,2013,31(2):303-308
[4]钱雅坤.河西走廊地区绿洲农业聚落营建经验调查与研究[D].西安:西安建筑大学,2016,6
[5]陶雪,苏德荣,蔻丹,等.西北旱区灌溉方式对苜蓿生长及水分利用效率的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(1):114-120
[6]余优森.我国西部的干旱气候与农业对策[J].干旱地区农业研究,1992,10(1):1-8
[7]卢欣石,孟林.中国苜蓿产业发展20年回顾[C].//第三届中国苜蓿发展大会.北京:中国畜牧业协会,2010:12-16
[8]寇江涛,师尚礼,蔡卓山.垄沟集雨种植对旱作紫花苜蓿生长特性及品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(24):5028-5036
[9]鱼小军,景媛媛,徐长林,等.高寒区垄沟覆膜方式对苜蓿生长、根颈及根系特征的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(06):43-52
[10]鱼小军,柴锦隆,徐长林,等.覆膜种植对甘南高寒区苜蓿生长和杂草数量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(4):791-801
[11]宋兴阳,王琦,李富春,等.覆盖材料和沟垄比对土壤水分和紫花苜蓿干草产量的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(3):798-809
[12]刘胜尧,张立峰,李志宏,等.华北旱地覆膜春玉米田水温效应及增产限制因子[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(11):3197-3206
[13]杨长刚,柴守玺,常磊,等.不同覆膜方式对旱作冬小麦耗水特性及籽粒产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(04):661-671
[14]王亚宏,牛俊义,高世铭.覆盖种植及垄作对旱地马铃薯水分利用率的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2009
[15]曾宏远,熊路,吴佳宝,等.农作物覆膜栽培研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2012,(11):32-34
[16]吴芳,李玉珠,师尚礼,等.西北荒漠灌区覆膜条件下苜蓿草地土壤理化性质的时空变化[J].草业科学,2017,34(4):665-672
[17]李星月,孟凯,肖燕子,等.施肥配方对苜蓿茎叶比和干鲜比的影响[J].草原与草业,2015,27(4):32-39
[18]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检验技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007:70-71
[19]李玉明,潘微,杨帆.覆膜栽培对玉米产量的影响[J].种子世界,2012,018:28-29
[20]黄高宝,方彦杰,李玲玲,等.旱地全膜双垄沟播玉米高效用水机制研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,(6);116-121
[21]张延林,李天银,郭世伟,等.河西走廊紫花苜蓿地膜穴播栽培技术[J].甘肃农业科技,2010,4:50-51
[22]尹国丽,贠旭疆,师尚礼,等.半干旱区沟垄集雨种植对紫花苜蓿出苗及草产量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2010,1:111-115
[23]王可,梁许清,刘强,等.不同覆膜方式对烤烟农艺性状的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(16):7110-7111,7120
[24]蔡海霞,杨浩哲,王跃卿,等.17个紫花苜蓿品种生产性能和营养成分分析[J].中国草食动物科学,2016,36(6):30-33
[25]朱博,师尚礼,倪磊,等.12个紫花苜蓿材料速生性能综合评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2014,15(2):436-440
[26]樊霞,马东霞,张苏,等.动物性饲料原料中粗脂肪含量测定的比较研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2014,14:65-71,81
[27]吕文坤,曹致中.苜蓿形态学性状与纤维含量的相关性分析[J].草业科学,2009,26(12):50-55
[28]姜义宝.钙对紫花苜蓿抗旱性影响的研究[J].草业科学,2003,6:1-2