河南新乡黄河湿地鸟类国家级自然保护区苍鹭巢特征与巢址选择
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摘要
河南新乡黄河湿地鸟类国家级自然保护区是我国候鸟迁徙中线的必经之路,鸟类物种丰富。目前,该湿地的人为干扰现象日益突出,对鸟类栖息和繁殖造成了影响。苍鹭Ardea cinerea是该湿地鸟类的重要代表,其繁殖活动与栖息环境密切相关。为了解干扰鸟类繁殖的主要因素、有效管理保护区、维持湿地的鸟类多样性,于2017年5—8月,采用GPS定位、样方调查等方法对保护区陈桥东湖苍鹭繁殖地内的巢特征、巢址区和对照区生态因子进行了调查。研究结果表明:苍鹭筑巢位置对芦苇phragmites australis丛有极高的偏爱;巢材主要是芦苇;巢口向上呈浅盘状,巢内径、巢外径、巢高、巢深分别为(39.00±3.28)cm、(79.10±15.39)cm、(31.00±19.80)cm和(5.00±1.43)cm。对比苍鹭巢址区与对照区生态因子发现,巢址区植被密度、植被高度和植被盖度显著低于对照区(P<0.05);水深、巢距人为活动不频繁地距离和巢距人为活动频繁地距离显著高于对照区(P<0.05)。采用AIC信息准则法对可能影响苍鹭巢址选择的生态因子进行Logistic回归分析,结果发现,植被状态和干扰因子是制约苍鹭巢址选择的关键因素。建议通过采取适当扩大水域面积及水生植物面积、封锁湿地中的道路、定期蓄水、处理好湿地保护与旅游开发之间的关系等措施来改善苍鹭等鸟类的栖息环境,保护保护区鸟类多样性。
Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland Birds National Nature Reserve is the only route of the midline for the migratory birds in China,and there are many kinds of birds in the wetland. At present,the interference/disturbing of human being in this wetland are becoming much more serious,and the habitat and reproduction of birds have been affected. Grey heron( Ardea cinerea) is a crucial representative wader in Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland,and its breeding activity is closely related to the surrounding environment of its habitat. During May to August in 2017,to get the main factors that interfere with the breeding of birds,and to effectively manage the nature reserve and maintain the diversity of birds,the nest characteristics and ecological factors of nest site area and control area of A. cinerea breeding area of Chenqiao East Lake in the reserve were investigated by GPS positioning and quadrat survey. The results showed that A. cinerea especially prefered to nest in Phragmites australis. The nest type was ground-nest. The main material for nesting was reed. The nest was shallow dishshaped and face upward. The inner diameter,outer diameter,height,and depth of the nest were( 39. 00 ± 3. 28) cm,( 79. 10 ± 15. 39) cm,( 31. 00 ± 19. 80) cm,and( 5. 00 ± 1. 43) cm,respectively. Comparison of ecological factors between the nest site area and control area showed that the density,coverage,height of vegetation in the nest site area were significantly lower than that of control area( P < 0. 05). Additionally,water depth and the distance from human infrequent and frequent activity were significantly higher than those in control( P < 0. 05). The factors limiting the nest-site selection of A. cinerea were investigated using binomial logistic regression based on Akaike's Information Criterion. The results showed that vegetative state and interference factor were the key factors restricting the heron nest-site selection. It was concluded that expanding the area of aquatic vegetation and water,blocking the roads through the wetland,and injecting water regularly are necessary to improve the A. cinerea habitat protect the bird diversity,and deal with the relationship between wetland protection and tourism development.
Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland Birds National Nature Reserve is the only route of the midline for the migratory birds in China,and there are many kinds of birds in the wetland. At present,the interference/disturbing of human being in this wetland are becoming much more serious,and the habitat and reproduction of birds have been affected. Grey heron( Ardea cinerea) is a crucial representative wader in Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland,and its breeding activity is closely related to the surrounding environment of its habitat. During May to August in 2017,to get the main factors that interfere with the breeding of birds,and to effectively manage the nature reserve and maintain the diversity of birds,the nest characteristics and ecological factors of nest site area and control area of A. cinerea breeding area of Chenqiao East Lake in the reserve were investigated by GPS positioning and quadrat survey. The results showed that A. cinerea especially prefered to nest in Phragmites australis. The nest type was ground-nest. The main material for nesting was reed. The nest was shallow dishshaped and face upward. The inner diameter,outer diameter,height,and depth of the nest were( 39. 00 ± 3. 28) cm,( 79. 10 ± 15. 39) cm,( 31. 00 ± 19. 80) cm,and( 5. 00 ± 1. 43) cm,respectively. Comparison of ecological factors between the nest site area and control area showed that the density,coverage,height of vegetation in the nest site area were significantly lower than that of control area( P < 0. 05). Additionally,water depth and the distance from human infrequent and frequent activity were significantly higher than those in control( P < 0. 05). The factors limiting the nest-site selection of A. cinerea were investigated using binomial logistic regression based on Akaike's Information Criterion. The results showed that vegetative state and interference factor were the key factors restricting the heron nest-site selection. It was concluded that expanding the area of aquatic vegetation and water,blocking the roads through the wetland,and injecting water regularly are necessary to improve the A. cinerea habitat protect the bird diversity,and deal with the relationship between wetland protection and tourism development.
引文
陈伟,吴映梅,胡锦矗,等.2006.四川南充市城市白头鹎的巢址选择和巢材研究[J].四川动物,25(3):590-593.
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丁长青,郑光美.1997.黄腹角雉的巢址选择[J].动物学报,(1):27-33.
费殿金,车仁富,杨正明.1985.扎龙保护区草鹭、苍鹭繁殖习性的初步研究[J].动物学杂志,(2):12-16.
高欣,刘明玉.2002.苍鹭营巢习性的初步观察[J].四川动物,21(2):96-97.
高中信,贾竞波,闫文,等.1991.苍鹭繁殖生态研究[J].东北林业大学学报,(3):35-40.
贾非,王楠,郑光美.2005.冬季白马鸡群体夜栖地特征分析[J].生态学杂志,24(2):153-158.
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李晓民,陶宇.1990.苍鹭年周期的研究[J].国土与自然资源研究,(4):68-69.
刘利,刘晓光,张乐,等.2015.内蒙古库布齐沙漠苍鹭巢址选择研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,29(5):144-148.
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牛红星,卜艳珍,路纪琪,等.2001.豫北黄河故道湿地鸟类自然保护区鸟类区系调查[J].生物多样性,9(3):260-464.
牛俊英,马朝红,马书钊,等.2009.河南黄河湿地国家级自然保护区鸟类资源调查[J].四川动物,28(3):462-467.
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吴奕如,斯幸峰,陈传武,等.2016.千岛湖陆桥岛屿繁殖鸟类的扩散能力差异对群落动态的影响[J].生物多样性,24(10):1135-1145.
徐文茜,汤茜,丁圣彦.2016.河南新乡黄河湿地鸟类国家级自然保护区景观格局动态分析[J].湿地科学,14(2):235-241.
袁宏宇,周正,任秀奇,等.2003.苍鹭繁殖生态习性研究[J].辽宁林业科技,(6):10-42.
郑光美.2012.鸟类学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社.
朱井丽,吴庆明.2012.七星河保护区苍鹭巢特征及巢周环境[J].野生动物学报,33(3):143-445.
Boyce MS,Vernier PR,Nielsen SE,et al.2002.Evaluating resource selection functions[J].Ecological Modelling,157(2):281-300.
Dariusz J,Brygida M.2011.The response of grey herons Ardea cinerea to changes in prey abundance[J].Bird Study,58(4):487-494.
Dietmar Z,Frieder K,Zellner GE.2004.Variable selection in logistic regression models[J].Communications in StatisticsSimulation and Computation,33(3):787-805.
Jakubas D.2005.Factors affecting the breeding success of the grey heron(Ardea cinerea)in northern Poland[J].Journal of Ornithology,146(1):27-33.
Lusk JJ,Wells KS,Guthery FS,et al.2017.Lark sparrow(Chondestes grammacus)nest-site selection and success in a mixed-grass prairie[J].Auk,120(Jan 2003):120-429.
Neve LD,Soler JJ.2002.Nest-building activity and laying date influence female reproductive investment in magpies:an experimental study[J].Animal Behaviour,63(5):975-980.
Pan W.2015.Akaike's information criterion in generalized estimating equations[J].Biometrics,57(1):120-125.
Ricklefs RE.1980.Geographical variation in clutch size among passerine birds:ashmole s hypothesis[J].Auk,97(1):38-49.
Strawderman RL,Burnham KP,Anderson DR.1998.Model selection and inference:a practical information-theoretic approach[M].New York:Springer:76-81.
Sujak A,Kusz A,Rymarz M,et al.2016.Environmental bioindication studies by Bayesian network with use of grey heron as model species[J].Environmental Modeling&Assessment,22(2):103-413.
Symonds MRE,Moussalli A.2011.A brief guide to model selection,multimodel inference and model averaging in behavioural ecology using akaike s information criterion[J].Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology,65(1):13-21.
Tilman D,Fargione J,Wolff B,et al.2001.Forecasting agriculturally driven global environmental change[J].Science,292:281-284.
丁未,刘迺发,王亮,等.2011.黑顶麻雀的巢址选择[J].四川动物,30(6):928-931.
丁长青,郑光美.1997.黄腹角雉的巢址选择[J].动物学报,(1):27-33.
费殿金,车仁富,杨正明.1985.扎龙保护区草鹭、苍鹭繁殖习性的初步研究[J].动物学杂志,(2):12-16.
高欣,刘明玉.2002.苍鹭营巢习性的初步观察[J].四川动物,21(2):96-97.
高中信,贾竞波,闫文,等.1991.苍鹭繁殖生态研究[J].东北林业大学学报,(3):35-40.
贾非,王楠,郑光美.2005.冬季白马鸡群体夜栖地特征分析[J].生态学杂志,24(2):153-158.
李东来,魏宏伟,孙兴海,等.2015.震旦鸦雀在镶嵌型芦苇收割生境中的巢址选择[J].生态学报,35(15):5009-5017.
李晓民,陶宇.1990.苍鹭年周期的研究[J].国土与自然资源研究,(4):68-69.
刘利,刘晓光,张乐,等.2015.内蒙古库布齐沙漠苍鹭巢址选择研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,29(5):144-148.
龙帅,周材权,王维奎,等.2007.南充雉鸡的巢址选择和春夏季栖息地选择[J].动物学研究,28(3):249-254.
牛红星,卜艳珍,路纪琪,等.2001.豫北黄河故道湿地鸟类自然保护区鸟类区系调查[J].生物多样性,9(3):260-464.
牛俊英,马朝红,马书钊,等.2009.河南黄河湿地国家级自然保护区鸟类资源调查[J].四川动物,28(3):462-467.
任青峰.1994.宁夏苍鹭和夜鹭的数量及生态研究[J].宁夏大学学报(自然科学版),15(2):71-75.
史东仇,路宝忠.1991.苍鹭的繁殖生物学观察研究[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),19(3):52-55.
王宁,张雁云,郑光美.2007.北京小龙门林场黄眉姬鹖的巢与巢址特征[J].动物学研究,28(4):337-343.
王永强.2007.内蒙古东部草原狼(Canis lupus)越冬期生境选择[D].曲阜:曲阜师范大学.
吴庆明,缪克传,邹红菲,等.2008.扎龙湿地苍鹭巢址选择[J].野生动物学报,29(1):26-48.
吴奕如,斯幸峰,陈传武,等.2016.千岛湖陆桥岛屿繁殖鸟类的扩散能力差异对群落动态的影响[J].生物多样性,24(10):1135-1145.
徐文茜,汤茜,丁圣彦.2016.河南新乡黄河湿地鸟类国家级自然保护区景观格局动态分析[J].湿地科学,14(2):235-241.
袁宏宇,周正,任秀奇,等.2003.苍鹭繁殖生态习性研究[J].辽宁林业科技,(6):10-42.
郑光美.2012.鸟类学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社.
朱井丽,吴庆明.2012.七星河保护区苍鹭巢特征及巢周环境[J].野生动物学报,33(3):143-445.
Boyce MS,Vernier PR,Nielsen SE,et al.2002.Evaluating resource selection functions[J].Ecological Modelling,157(2):281-300.
Dariusz J,Brygida M.2011.The response of grey herons Ardea cinerea to changes in prey abundance[J].Bird Study,58(4):487-494.
Dietmar Z,Frieder K,Zellner GE.2004.Variable selection in logistic regression models[J].Communications in StatisticsSimulation and Computation,33(3):787-805.
Jakubas D.2005.Factors affecting the breeding success of the grey heron(Ardea cinerea)in northern Poland[J].Journal of Ornithology,146(1):27-33.
Lusk JJ,Wells KS,Guthery FS,et al.2017.Lark sparrow(Chondestes grammacus)nest-site selection and success in a mixed-grass prairie[J].Auk,120(Jan 2003):120-429.
Neve LD,Soler JJ.2002.Nest-building activity and laying date influence female reproductive investment in magpies:an experimental study[J].Animal Behaviour,63(5):975-980.
Pan W.2015.Akaike's information criterion in generalized estimating equations[J].Biometrics,57(1):120-125.
Ricklefs RE.1980.Geographical variation in clutch size among passerine birds:ashmole s hypothesis[J].Auk,97(1):38-49.
Strawderman RL,Burnham KP,Anderson DR.1998.Model selection and inference:a practical information-theoretic approach[M].New York:Springer:76-81.
Sujak A,Kusz A,Rymarz M,et al.2016.Environmental bioindication studies by Bayesian network with use of grey heron as model species[J].Environmental Modeling&Assessment,22(2):103-413.
Symonds MRE,Moussalli A.2011.A brief guide to model selection,multimodel inference and model averaging in behavioural ecology using akaike s information criterion[J].Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology,65(1):13-21.
Tilman D,Fargione J,Wolff B,et al.2001.Forecasting agriculturally driven global environmental change[J].Science,292:281-284.