四姑娘山国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性初步调查
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摘要
物种的分布与多度对我们理解生态过程、实施保护管理以及评估全球变化的影响都非常重要。2017年5–12月,我们按照公里网格在四川省四姑娘山国家级自然保护区共布设60台固定位点红外相机,调查了保护区内主要沟系的兽类和鸟类多样性。本次调查累计11,013个相机工作日,共拍摄到31种兽类和鸟类,隶属7目18科,包括5种国家一级和10种国家二级重点保护野生动物,被IUCN红色名录评估为濒危(EN)、易危(VU)和近危(NT)的野生动物分别有2种、5种和3种。其中,相对多度指数居于兽类前五位的是毛冠鹿(Elaphoduscephalophus)、水鹿(Rusa unicolor)、喜马拉雅旱獭(Marmota himalayana)、野猪(Sus scrofa)、猪獾(Arctonyx collaris);相对多度指数居于鸟类前五位的则是血雉(Ithaginiscruentus)、白马鸡(Crossoptiloncrossoptilon)、大噪鹛(Garrulaxmaximus)、雉鹑(Tetraophasis obscurus)和灰头鸫(Turdus rubrocanus)。由于局域性气候、植被类型和地形结构的不同,使四姑娘山国家级自然保护区与毗邻的卧龙国家级自然保护区存在动物群落结构的差异。本调查初步掌握了四姑娘山保护区内大中型兽类和林下活动鸟类的种类组成和相对多度。
Knowledge of the abundance and distribution of biodiversity is vitally important to understand ecological processes, manage for conservation goals, and assess the impacts of global change. In order to investigate the diversity, abundance, and distribution of mammals and birds in Siguniang Mountains National Nature Reserve, we deployed 60 camera traps from May to December 2017. With an extensive survey effort of 11,013 camera-days, we recorded 31 mammal and bird species belonging to 7 orders and 18 families. Among the recorded species, five are first class and ten are second class national protected wildlife, whereas two are listed as Endangered, five as Vulnerable, and three as Near Threatened by the IUCN Red List. In addition to providing a preliminary inventory of large mammals and birds in the reserve, we also assessed the abundance of each species using the relative abundance index. According to this index, the five most abundant mammal species were tufted deer(Elaphodus cephalophus), sambar(Rusa unicolor), Himalayan marmot(Marmota himalayana), wild boar(Sus scrofa) and northern hog badger(Arctonyx collaris). The five most abundant avian species were blood pheasant(Ithaginis cruentus), white eared pheasant(Crossoptilon crossoptilon), giant laughing thrush(Garrulax maximus), chestnut-throated partridge(Tetraophasis obscurus)and chestnut thrush(Turdus rubrocanus). Comparison between Siguniang Mountains and the adjacent Wolong Nature Reserve revealed different community compositions, this was likely due to distinct differences in local climate, vegetation, and topography between the two regions. The data obtained in this study will provide an important basis for future wildlife research and conservation management, and also provides support for biodiversity monitoring and regional inventories of mammals and birds.
Knowledge of the abundance and distribution of biodiversity is vitally important to understand ecological processes, manage for conservation goals, and assess the impacts of global change. In order to investigate the diversity, abundance, and distribution of mammals and birds in Siguniang Mountains National Nature Reserve, we deployed 60 camera traps from May to December 2017. With an extensive survey effort of 11,013 camera-days, we recorded 31 mammal and bird species belonging to 7 orders and 18 families. Among the recorded species, five are first class and ten are second class national protected wildlife, whereas two are listed as Endangered, five as Vulnerable, and three as Near Threatened by the IUCN Red List. In addition to providing a preliminary inventory of large mammals and birds in the reserve, we also assessed the abundance of each species using the relative abundance index. According to this index, the five most abundant mammal species were tufted deer(Elaphodus cephalophus), sambar(Rusa unicolor), Himalayan marmot(Marmota himalayana), wild boar(Sus scrofa) and northern hog badger(Arctonyx collaris). The five most abundant avian species were blood pheasant(Ithaginis cruentus), white eared pheasant(Crossoptilon crossoptilon), giant laughing thrush(Garrulax maximus), chestnut-throated partridge(Tetraophasis obscurus)and chestnut thrush(Turdus rubrocanus). Comparison between Siguniang Mountains and the adjacent Wolong Nature Reserve revealed different community compositions, this was likely due to distinct differences in local climate, vegetation, and topography between the two regions. The data obtained in this study will provide an important basis for future wildlife research and conservation management, and also provides support for biodiversity monitoring and regional inventories of mammals and birds.
引文
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Dublin HT,Sinclair ARE,Boutin S,Anderson E,Jago M,Arcese P(1990)Does competition regulate ungulate populations?Further evidence from Serengeti,Tanzania.Oecologia,82,283-288.
Feng LM,Wang TM,Mou P,Kou XJ,Ge JP(2001)First image of an Amur leopard recorded in China.Cat News,55,9.
Gordon CE,Feit A,Gurber J,Letnic M(2015)Mesopredator suppression by an apex predator alleviates the risk of predation perceived by small prey.Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,282,20142870.
Guan TP,Ge BM,McShea WJ,Li S,Song YL(2013)Seasonal migration by a large forest ungulate:A study on takin(Budorcas taxicolor)in Sichuan Province,China.European Journal of Wildlife Research,59,81-91.
Harris RB,Liu YS,Cai GQ,Bart WO(1992)Line transects for estimating density of musk deer pellet groups.Acta Theriologica Sinica,12,302-305.(in Chinese)[Harris RB,刘永生,蔡桂全,Bart WO(1992)使用样线法进行马麝粪堆密度的测量.兽类学报,12,302-305.]
Hong QP,Ding P,Ding BY(2007)Investigation and Research of Nature Resources in Fengyang Mountains.China Forestry Publishing House,Beijing.(in Chinese)[洪起平,丁平,丁炳扬(2007)凤阳山自然资源考察与研究.中国林业出版社,北京.]
Jackson RM(1996)Home Range,Movements and Habitat Use of Snow Leopard(Uncia uncia)in Nepal.PhD dissertation,University of London,London.
Jiang ZG,Ma Y,Wu Y,Wang YX,Feng ZJ,Zhou KY,Liu SY,Luo ZH,Li CW(2015)China’s mammalian diversity.Biodiversity Science,23,351-364.(in Chinese with English abstract)[蒋志刚,马勇,吴毅,王应祥,冯祚建,周开亚,刘少英,罗振华,李春旺(2015)中国哺乳动物多样性.生物多样性,23,351-364.]
Karanth KU(1995)Estimating tiger Panthera tigris populations from camera-trap data using capture-recapture models.Biological Conservation,71,333-338.
Li J,Liu F,Ye LX,Liu SL,Peng H,Li DQ(2018)Camera-trapping survey of the diversity of mammals and birds in Fengyang Mountain of Zhejiang Province,China.Acta Theriologica Sinica,38,95-103.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李佳,刘芳,叶立新,刘胜龙,彭辉,李迪强(2018)利用红外相机调查浙江省凤阳山兽类和鸟类多样性.兽类学报,38,95-103.]
Li JQ,Xu HG,Wan YQ,Sun JX,Li S,Cai L(2018)Progress in construction of China Mammal Diversity Observation Network(China BON-Mammals).Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,34,12-19.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李佳琦,徐海根,万雅琼,孙佳欣,李晟,蔡蕾(2018)全国哺乳动物多样性观测网络(China BON-Mammals)建设进展.生态与农村环境学报,34,12-19.]
Li Q,Wu JG,Kou XJ,Feng LM(2013)Applications of camera trap in wildlife population ecology.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,24,947-955.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李勤,邬建国,寇晓军,冯利民(2013)相机陷阱在野生动物种群生态学中的应用.应用生态学报,24,947-955.]
Li S,McShea WJ,Wang D,Lu Z,Gu X(2012)Gauging the impact of management expertise on the distribution of large mammals across protected areas.Diversity and Distributions,18,1166-1176.
Li S,Wang DJ,Bu HL,Liu XG,Jin T(2016)Camera-trapping survey on the mammal diversity of the Laohegou Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province.Acta Theriologica Sinica,36,282-291.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李晟,王大军,卜红亮,刘小庚,靳彤(2016)四川省老河沟自然保护区兽类多样性红外相机调查.兽类学报,36,282-291.]
Li S,Wang DJ,Xiao ZS,Li XH,Wang TM,Feng LM,Wang Y(2014)Camera-trapping in wildlife research and conservation in China:Review and outlook.Biodiversity Science,22,685-695.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李晟,王大军,肖治术,李欣海,王天明,冯利民,王云(2014)红外相机技术在我国野生动物研究与保护中的应用与前景.生物多样性,22,685-695.]
Liu F,Li DQ,Wu JG(2012)Using infra-red cameras to survey wildlife in Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve.Acta Ecologica Sinica,32,730-739.(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘芳,李迪强,吴记贵(2012)利用红外相机调查北京松山国家级自然保护区的野生动物物种.生态学报,32,730-739.]
Mackinnon J,Phillipps K,He FQ(2000)A Field Guide to the Birds of China.Hunan Education Press,Changsha.(in Chinese)[约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲利普斯,何芬奇(2000)中国鸟类野外手册.湖南教育出版社,长沙.]
Niedballa J,Sollmann R,Mohamed AB,Bender J,Wilting A(2015)Defining habitat covariates in camera-trap based occupancy studies.Scientific Reports,5,17041.
O’Connell AF,Nichols JD,Karanth KU(2011)Camera Traps in Animal Ecology:Methods and Analyses.Springer,New York.
Pelletier F(2006)Effects of tourist activities on ungulate behavior in a mountain protected area.Journal of Mountain Ecology,8,5-19.
Ripple WJ,Estes JA,Beschta RL,Wilmers CC,Ritchie EG,Hebblewhite M,Berger J,Elmhagen B,Letnic M,Nelson MP,Schmitz OJ,Smith DW,Wallach AD,Wirsing AJ(2014)Status and ecological effects of the world’s largest carnivores.Science,343,151.
Ripple WJ,Wirsing AJ,Wilmers CC,Letnic M(2013)Wide spread mesopredator effects after wolf extirpation.Biological Conservation,160,70-79.
Scognamillo D,Maxit IE,Sunquist M,Polisar J(2003)Coexistence of jaguar(Panthera onca)and puma(Puma concolor)in a mosaic landscape in the Venezuelan llanos.Journal of Zoology,259,269-279.
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