甘肃白龙江流域土壤有机碳与全氮储量的空间格局特征
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摘要
土壤有机碳与全氮储量的空间格局特征不仅可为土壤质量管理提供科学依据,也可为流域生态系统管理及人类活动管控提供参考。基于GIS软件平台,统计分析了甘肃白龙江流域土壤有机碳与全氮储量及碳氮比的空间格局特征,并探讨了海拔、坡度、坡向和植被覆被类型对土壤有机碳、全氮储量空间分布的影响。结果表明:甘肃白龙江流域平均土壤有机碳、全氮储量分别约为87.94×10~3 kg hm~(-2)和7.02×10~3 kg hm~(-2),两者在空间上均呈现西北向东南逐级递减的态势;流域土壤有机碳储量随海拔和坡度的增加呈先增后减的变化趋势,其高值区主要分布在2053~3779 m和20°~35°区段;土壤全氮储量随海拔上升而增加,随坡度增加呈先减再增后减的趋势,其高值区主要分布在20°~35°区段;坡向对流域土壤有机碳、全氮储量空间分布的影响相对较小;常绿针叶林、常绿阔叶林和落叶针叶林是流域土壤有机碳、全氮储量的高值区,低值区集中在耕地。
The research on spatial pattern of the storages of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen not only provides a scientific basis for soil quality management,but also provides a reference for ecosystem management and control of human activities.In this paper,based on the GIS software platform,we analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of the storages of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen and discussed the influences of elevation,slope,aspect and vegetation type on them in the Bailongjiang Watershed of Gansu in 2014.Average storages of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were about 87.94 × 10~3 kg hm~(-2) and 7.02 × 10~3 kg hm~(-2) and both showed decreasing trends from the northwest to the southeast in the Bailongjiang Watershed of Gansu.With the rising of elevation and slope,soil organic carbon storage increased firstly and then decreased and was the highest at the elevation of 2053 m to 3779 m and at the slope of 20° to 35°.The higher elevation was,the more soil total nitrogen storage was.Meanwhile,it firstly decreased,and then increased,and last decreased with the rise of slope.Its higher value was mainly distributed at the slope of 20° to 35°.The influence of aspect on the spatial distribution of the storages of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen was relatively little.Evergreen coniferous forest,evergreen broad-leaved forest and deciduous coniferous forest had higher storages of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen,and lower storages were mainly concentrated on arable land.
The research on spatial pattern of the storages of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen not only provides a scientific basis for soil quality management,but also provides a reference for ecosystem management and control of human activities.In this paper,based on the GIS software platform,we analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of the storages of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen and discussed the influences of elevation,slope,aspect and vegetation type on them in the Bailongjiang Watershed of Gansu in 2014.Average storages of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were about 87.94 × 10~3 kg hm~(-2) and 7.02 × 10~3 kg hm~(-2) and both showed decreasing trends from the northwest to the southeast in the Bailongjiang Watershed of Gansu.With the rising of elevation and slope,soil organic carbon storage increased firstly and then decreased and was the highest at the elevation of 2053 m to 3779 m and at the slope of 20° to 35°.The higher elevation was,the more soil total nitrogen storage was.Meanwhile,it firstly decreased,and then increased,and last decreased with the rise of slope.Its higher value was mainly distributed at the slope of 20° to 35°.The influence of aspect on the spatial distribution of the storages of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen was relatively little.Evergreen coniferous forest,evergreen broad-leaved forest and deciduous coniferous forest had higher storages of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen,and lower storages were mainly concentrated on arable land.
引文
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[22]张影,谢余初,齐姗姗,等.基于In VEST模型的甘肃白龙江流域生态系统碳储量及空间格局特征[J].资源科学,2016,38(8):1585-1593.
[23]刘合满,曹丽花,曾加芹.藏东南色季拉山沟壑区土壤氮素空间分布特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(1):1-7.
[24]齐姗姗,巩杰,张影,等.基于GIS和地统计学的甘肃省白龙江流域土壤氮素空间变异分析[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(5):146-155.
[25]李相楹,张维勇,刘峰,等.不同海拔高度下梵净山土壤碳、氮、磷分布特征[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):19-24.
[26]万晓华,黄志群,何宗明,等.阔叶和杉木人工林对土壤碳氮库的影响比较[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(2):345-350.
[27]潘根兴,程琨,陆海飞,等.可持续土壤管理:土壤学服务社会发展的挑战[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(23):4607-4620.
[2]PUGET P,LAL R.Soil organic carbon and nitrogen in a Mollisol in central Ohio as affected by tillage and land use[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2005,80:201-213.
[3]刘纪远,王绍强,陈镜明,等.1990~2000年中国土壤碳氮蓄积量与土地利用变化[J].地理学报,2004,59(4):483-496.
[4]罗由林,李启权,王昌全,等.川中丘陵县域土壤碳氮比空间变异特征及其影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(1):177-185.
[5]贾晓红,李新荣,周玉燕,等.干旱沙区人工固沙植被演变过程中土壤有机碳氮储量及其分布特征[J].环境科学,2012,33(3):938-945.
[6]董云中,王永亮,张建杰,等.晋西北黄土高原丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤碳氮储量[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(4):955-960.
[7]NJERU C M,EKESI S,MOHAMED S A,et al.Assessing stock and thresholds detection of soil organic carbon and nitrogen along an altitude gradient in an east Africa mountain ecosystem[J].Geoderma Regional,2017,10:29-38.
[8]DORJI T,ODEH I O A,FIELD D J,et al.Digital soil mapping of soil organic carbon stocks under different land use and cover types in Montane ecosystems,Eastern Himalayas[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2014,318(3):91-102.
[9]彭舜磊,王华太,陈昌东,等.宝天曼自然保护区森林土壤碳氮储量分布格局分析[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(5):30-34.
[10]林丽,张法伟,李以康,等.高寒矮嵩草草甸退化过程土壤碳氮储量及C/N化学计量学特征[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(3):42-47.
[11]夏志坚,白军红,贾佳,等.黄河三角洲芦苇盐沼土壤碳、氮含量和储量的垂直分布特征[J].湿地科学,2015,13(6):702-707.
[12]张春华,王宗明,任春颖,等.松嫩平原玉米带土壤碳氮储量的空间特征[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(3):631-639.
[13]张春华,王宗明,居为民,等.松嫩平原玉米带土壤碳氮比的时空变异特征[J].环境科学,2011,32(5):1407-1414.
[14]CHAOPRICHA N T,MARIN-SPIOTTA E.Soil burial contributes to deep soil organic carbon storage[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,69:251-264.
[15]RABBI S M F,WILSON B R,LOCKWOOD P V,et al.Soil organic carbon mineralization rates in aggregates under contrasting land uses[J].Geoderma,2014,216:10-18.
[16]ZENG X H,ZHANG W J,CAO J S,et al.Changes in soil organic carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,and bulk density after afforestation of the“Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control”Program in China[J].Catena,2014,118:186-194.
[17]中国科学院中国植被图编辑委员会.中国植被图集1∶1000000[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[18]董云中,王永亮,张建杰,等.晋西北黄土高原丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤碳氮储量[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(4):955-960.
[19]王绍强,朱松丽,周成虎.中国土壤土层厚度的空间变异性特征[J].地理研究,20(2):161-169.
[20]史舟,李艳.地统计学在土壤学中的应用[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.
[21]葛顺峰.苹果园土壤碳氮比对植株土壤系统氮素平衡彩响的研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[22]张影,谢余初,齐姗姗,等.基于In VEST模型的甘肃白龙江流域生态系统碳储量及空间格局特征[J].资源科学,2016,38(8):1585-1593.
[23]刘合满,曹丽花,曾加芹.藏东南色季拉山沟壑区土壤氮素空间分布特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(1):1-7.
[24]齐姗姗,巩杰,张影,等.基于GIS和地统计学的甘肃省白龙江流域土壤氮素空间变异分析[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(5):146-155.
[25]李相楹,张维勇,刘峰,等.不同海拔高度下梵净山土壤碳、氮、磷分布特征[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):19-24.
[26]万晓华,黄志群,何宗明,等.阔叶和杉木人工林对土壤碳氮库的影响比较[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(2):345-350.
[27]潘根兴,程琨,陆海飞,等.可持续土壤管理:土壤学服务社会发展的挑战[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(23):4607-4620.