山东省不同土地利用方式土壤颗粒组成及其分形维数特征
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摘要
选取山东省120个不同土壤剖面,应用分形理论研究不同土地利用方式的土壤颗粒分形特征以及与土壤养分的相关关系。结果表明:(1)不同土地利用方式土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷、全磷、全氮、有机质含量均表现为林地和草地显著高于耕地和农地(p<0.05),其中林地和草地土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷、全磷、全氮、有机质含量差异均不显著(p>0.05)。(2)不同土地利用方式土壤粒径分布中,黏粒含量占主导地位,黏粒含量百分比45.98%~67.12%,粗砂粒含量相对较低。(3)不同土地利用方式土壤颗粒分布的分形维数随着土层深度增加逐渐增大,0—10cm土层土壤颗粒分布分形维数变化幅度较小,而40—50cm变化幅度较大。(4)回归分析表明不同土地利用方式土壤颗粒分形维数与土壤粒径呈显著或极显著的线性负相关。(5)相关分析表明不同土地利用方式土壤分形维数均与土壤有机质含量呈显著负相关,与土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷、全磷、全氮呈正相关。综上所述,不同土地利用方式下土壤颗粒组成差异较大,草地和林地相对于耕地和农地大颗粒含量明显增多,小颗粒明显减少,土壤颗粒分布的分形维数可以作为表征土壤肥力的状况指标。
Taking field sampling,and using laboratory analysis method and the fractal theory of particle volume,we studied soil particle-size distribution and fractal dimension of different land use types.The results showed that:(1)soil ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus,total phosphorus,total nitrogen and organic matter content of different land use types were significantly higher in forestland and grassland than those in the cultivated land and farmland(p<0.05),were not significantly different between forestland and grassland had(p>0.05);(2)coarse silt was dominant in soil,in addition to the coarse sand grains,the land uses had significant effects on the contents of the rest fractions,the hierarchy was not obvious,and fractal dimension of soil particles was 45.98% ~67.12% ;(3)fractal dimension of soil particles increased with the soil depth,and there was a lower rangeability in the surface soil layer and a higher rangeability in 40—50 cm soil layer;(4)regression analysis showed that there was a strong negative liner relationship between soil particle-size and fractal dimension;(5)correlation analysis showed that fractal dimension significantly positively related to soil moisture content,and significantly negatively related to soil organic matter content,positively related to soil nutrients.In total,the land uses of loess hilly-gully region have the greater influence on soil particle composition,the particle sizes of grassland and forest land shift from the small particles to the large particles compared with farmland.
Taking field sampling,and using laboratory analysis method and the fractal theory of particle volume,we studied soil particle-size distribution and fractal dimension of different land use types.The results showed that:(1)soil ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus,total phosphorus,total nitrogen and organic matter content of different land use types were significantly higher in forestland and grassland than those in the cultivated land and farmland(p<0.05),were not significantly different between forestland and grassland had(p>0.05);(2)coarse silt was dominant in soil,in addition to the coarse sand grains,the land uses had significant effects on the contents of the rest fractions,the hierarchy was not obvious,and fractal dimension of soil particles was 45.98% ~67.12% ;(3)fractal dimension of soil particles increased with the soil depth,and there was a lower rangeability in the surface soil layer and a higher rangeability in 40—50 cm soil layer;(4)regression analysis showed that there was a strong negative liner relationship between soil particle-size and fractal dimension;(5)correlation analysis showed that fractal dimension significantly positively related to soil moisture content,and significantly negatively related to soil organic matter content,positively related to soil nutrients.In total,the land uses of loess hilly-gully region have the greater influence on soil particle composition,the particle sizes of grassland and forest land shift from the small particles to the large particles compared with farmland.
引文
[1]刘霞,姚孝友,张光灿,等.沂蒙山林区不同植物群落下土壤颗粒分形与孔隙结构特征[J].林业科学,2011,47(8):31-37.
[2]王丽,刘霞,张光灿,等.鲁中山区采取不同生态修复措施时的土壤粒径分形与孔隙结构特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,5(2):73-80.
[3]杨婷,景航,姚旭,等.黄土丘陵不同土地利用方式下土壤颗粒组成及其分形维数特征[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):1-5.
[4]李德成,张桃林.中国土壤颗粒组成的分形特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2000,9(4):7-9.
[5]李涵韬,余健,方凤满,等.复垦对土壤颗粒组成、分形维数、团聚体影响[J].环境科学与技术,2015(8):11-16.
[6]黄冠华,詹卫华.土壤颗粒的分形特征及其应用[J].土壤学报,2002,39(4):490-497.
[7]王国梁,周生路,赵其国.土壤颗粒的体积分形维数及其在土地利用中的应用[J].土壤学报,2005,42(4):545-550.
[8]杨培岭,罗远培,石元春.用粒径的重量分布表征的土壤分形特征[J].科学通报,1993,38(20):1896-1899.
[9]吴承祯,洪伟.不同经营模式土壤团粒结构的分形特征研究[J].土壤学报,1999,36(2):162-167.
[10]李毅,李敏,Bingcheng,等.土壤颗粒分布体积分形维数与数量分形维数之间的关系[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(23):82-91.
[11]杨金玲,李德成,张甘霖,等.土壤颗粒粒径分布质量分形维数和体积分形维数的对比[J].土壤学报,2008,45(3):413-419.
[12]慈恩,杨林章,程月琴,等.不同耕作年限水稻土土壤颗粒的体积分形特征研究[J].土壤,2009,41(3):396-401.
[13]丁敏,庞奖励,刘云霞,等.黄土高原不同土地利用方式下土壤颗粒体积分形特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(11):161-165.
[14]党亚爱,李世清,王国栋,等.黄土高原典型土壤剖面土壤颗粒组成分形特征[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(9):74-78.
[15]伏耀龙,张兴昌,王金贵.岷江上游干旱河谷土壤粒径分布分形维数特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(5):120-125.
[16]Mandelbrot B B,Wheeler J A.The Fractal Geometry of Nature[J].New York:WH Freeman,1983.
[17]巨莉,文安邦,郭进,等.三峡库区不同土地利用类型土壤颗粒分形特征[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(5):234-237.
[18]余健,廖媛媛,张平究,等.长江下游江心洲土壤颗粒特征及分形规律[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(3):626-631.
[19]李敏.土壤颗粒分布分形及物理性质的空间变异性[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.
[20]李敏,李毅.土壤颗粒数量分布的局部分形及多重分形特性[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2011(11):216-222.
[21]刘继龙,马孝义,付强,等.陕西杨凌土壤粒径分布体积分形维数特征分析及预测[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,31(3):59-62.
[22]陈小红,段争虎,何洪泽.荒漠—绿洲边缘区生态过渡带的土壤颗粒分形特征[J].土壤,2009,41(1):97-101.
[23]贾晓红,李新荣,李元寿.干旱沙区植被恢复过程中土壤颗粒分形特征[J].地理研究,2007,26(3):518-525.
[2]王丽,刘霞,张光灿,等.鲁中山区采取不同生态修复措施时的土壤粒径分形与孔隙结构特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,5(2):73-80.
[3]杨婷,景航,姚旭,等.黄土丘陵不同土地利用方式下土壤颗粒组成及其分形维数特征[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):1-5.
[4]李德成,张桃林.中国土壤颗粒组成的分形特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2000,9(4):7-9.
[5]李涵韬,余健,方凤满,等.复垦对土壤颗粒组成、分形维数、团聚体影响[J].环境科学与技术,2015(8):11-16.
[6]黄冠华,詹卫华.土壤颗粒的分形特征及其应用[J].土壤学报,2002,39(4):490-497.
[7]王国梁,周生路,赵其国.土壤颗粒的体积分形维数及其在土地利用中的应用[J].土壤学报,2005,42(4):545-550.
[8]杨培岭,罗远培,石元春.用粒径的重量分布表征的土壤分形特征[J].科学通报,1993,38(20):1896-1899.
[9]吴承祯,洪伟.不同经营模式土壤团粒结构的分形特征研究[J].土壤学报,1999,36(2):162-167.
[10]李毅,李敏,Bingcheng,等.土壤颗粒分布体积分形维数与数量分形维数之间的关系[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(23):82-91.
[11]杨金玲,李德成,张甘霖,等.土壤颗粒粒径分布质量分形维数和体积分形维数的对比[J].土壤学报,2008,45(3):413-419.
[12]慈恩,杨林章,程月琴,等.不同耕作年限水稻土土壤颗粒的体积分形特征研究[J].土壤,2009,41(3):396-401.
[13]丁敏,庞奖励,刘云霞,等.黄土高原不同土地利用方式下土壤颗粒体积分形特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(11):161-165.
[14]党亚爱,李世清,王国栋,等.黄土高原典型土壤剖面土壤颗粒组成分形特征[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(9):74-78.
[15]伏耀龙,张兴昌,王金贵.岷江上游干旱河谷土壤粒径分布分形维数特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(5):120-125.
[16]Mandelbrot B B,Wheeler J A.The Fractal Geometry of Nature[J].New York:WH Freeman,1983.
[17]巨莉,文安邦,郭进,等.三峡库区不同土地利用类型土壤颗粒分形特征[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(5):234-237.
[18]余健,廖媛媛,张平究,等.长江下游江心洲土壤颗粒特征及分形规律[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(3):626-631.
[19]李敏.土壤颗粒分布分形及物理性质的空间变异性[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.
[20]李敏,李毅.土壤颗粒数量分布的局部分形及多重分形特性[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2011(11):216-222.
[21]刘继龙,马孝义,付强,等.陕西杨凌土壤粒径分布体积分形维数特征分析及预测[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,31(3):59-62.
[22]陈小红,段争虎,何洪泽.荒漠—绿洲边缘区生态过渡带的土壤颗粒分形特征[J].土壤,2009,41(1):97-101.
[23]贾晓红,李新荣,李元寿.干旱沙区植被恢复过程中土壤颗粒分形特征[J].地理研究,2007,26(3):518-525.