三峡水库消落带紫色土物理性质对反复淹水作用的响应
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摘要
为探明三峡水库土质消落带土壤物理性质对反复淹水的响应,选取消落带代表性土壤紫色土,以180m处未淹水土壤为对照,分析了土壤基本物理性质在消落带上的分布规律及其对淹水的响应规律。结果表明:表层土的基本物理性质对淹水响应最为强烈。随水位高程增加,土壤容重逐渐降低,最大降幅16.42%;淹水后土壤容重显著增加,最大增幅达38.42%。孔隙率整体呈先降低后增高的趋势,在160m处出现最小值40.77%;淹水后孔隙率显著降低,最大降幅达35.10%。颗粒组成呈低水位段粗、高水位段细,表层粗、下层细的特征分布;随水位高程增加,粗颗粒(砂粒)的体积百分比和中值粒径均减小,降幅分别为40.47%和52.99%;淹水后砂粒含量和中值粒径均显著增加,最大增幅达91.60%和141.72%。同一时期黏聚力在消落带以先增高后降低的趋势分布,最大变化幅度达195.76%,淹水前后黏聚力最大变化幅度达163.24%;内摩擦角的分布随水位高程变化较小,淹水前后内摩擦角最大变化幅度达54.42%。本文研究结果可为消落带土壤侵蚀机理研究和科学防治提供参考。
The purple soil of Three Gorges Reservoir region water-level fluctuation zone was selected to explore the response of soil physical properties to repeated flooding.The distribution pattern of soil physical properties and their response to water flooding were analyzed and compared with the non-flooded soil at 180 m.Soil samples were collected in two layers of 10 cm each for analysis.The results showed that the strongest influence on the topsoil was observed due to flooding.The soil bulk density decreased with an increase in elevation of water level,and the maximum decrease in the soil bulk density was 16.42% .After impounding,the soil bulk density increased significantly,and the maximum increase in soil bulk density was 38.42% .The soil porosity reached to the lowest point(40.77% )at 160 m.Flooding significantly reduced the porosity,and it reached its lowest point of 35.10% .The grain composition became coarser with the decrease of the water elevation level and soil layer.With the increase of elevation of the water level,percentage volume of coarse particles gradually decreased for the two layers,and decreased by 40.47% and 52.99% ,respectively.Flooding had positive effects on the percent volume of sand and median diameter,and the maximum value of sand increased by 91.60% and 141.72% for the two layers,respectively.The cohesion presented the unimodal curve along the water-level fluctuation during the same period,the maximum amplitude of variation was 195.76% .Flooding resulted in the increase of soil cohesion,the maximum variation was 163.24% .There was no significant distinction in internal friction angle with elevation changes.Flooding altered the in-ternal friction angle,and its maximum value reached to 54.42% .The results of the present study can be used as the references for analyzing the mechanism of soil erosion and controlling the soil erosion.
The purple soil of Three Gorges Reservoir region water-level fluctuation zone was selected to explore the response of soil physical properties to repeated flooding.The distribution pattern of soil physical properties and their response to water flooding were analyzed and compared with the non-flooded soil at 180 m.Soil samples were collected in two layers of 10 cm each for analysis.The results showed that the strongest influence on the topsoil was observed due to flooding.The soil bulk density decreased with an increase in elevation of water level,and the maximum decrease in the soil bulk density was 16.42% .After impounding,the soil bulk density increased significantly,and the maximum increase in soil bulk density was 38.42% .The soil porosity reached to the lowest point(40.77% )at 160 m.Flooding significantly reduced the porosity,and it reached its lowest point of 35.10% .The grain composition became coarser with the decrease of the water elevation level and soil layer.With the increase of elevation of the water level,percentage volume of coarse particles gradually decreased for the two layers,and decreased by 40.47% and 52.99% ,respectively.Flooding had positive effects on the percent volume of sand and median diameter,and the maximum value of sand increased by 91.60% and 141.72% for the two layers,respectively.The cohesion presented the unimodal curve along the water-level fluctuation during the same period,the maximum amplitude of variation was 195.76% .Flooding resulted in the increase of soil cohesion,the maximum variation was 163.24% .There was no significant distinction in internal friction angle with elevation changes.Flooding altered the in-ternal friction angle,and its maximum value reached to 54.42% .The results of the present study can be used as the references for analyzing the mechanism of soil erosion and controlling the soil erosion.
引文
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[24]常超,谢宗强,熊高明,等.三峡水库蓄水对消落带土壤理化性质的影响[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(7):1236-1244.
[25]卢志军,李连发,黄汉东,等.三峡水库蓄水对消涨带植被的初步影响[J].武汉植物学研究,2010,28(3):303-314.
[26]林俊杰,杨振宇,刘丹,等.干湿交替下三峡支流消落带沉积物粒径组成及氮分布特征[J].土壤学报,2016,53(3):602-611.
[27]查小春,贺秀斌.土壤物理力学性质与土壤侵蚀关系研究进展[J].水土保持研究,1999,6(2):99-105.
[28]曹玲,罗先启.三峡库区千将坪滑坡滑带土干—湿循环条件下强度特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(S1):93-97.
[29]魏海云,詹良通,陈云敏.高饱和度土的压缩和固结特性及其应用[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(2):264-269.
[30]陈正汉.非饱和土与特殊土力学的基本理论研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(2):201-272.
[31]杜高赞,高美荣.三峡库区典型消落带土壤粒径分布及分形特征[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2011,(1):47-50.
[32]倪九派,高明,魏朝富,等.干湿循环条件下重庆地区三种土壤抗剪强度的动态变化[J].土壤学报,2013,50(6):1090-1101.
[33]肖杰,杨和平,王兴正,等.南宁外环膨胀土抗剪强度非线性特征及影响因素分析[J].中国公路学报,2014,27(10):1-8.
[2]Xu X B,Tan Y,Yang G S.Environmental impact assessments of the Three Gorges Project in China:Issues and interventions[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2013,124(9):115-125.
[3]Xu X,Tan Y,Yang G S,et al.Impacts of China′s Three Gorges Dam Project on net primary productivity in the reservoir area[J].Sci Total Environ,2011,409(22):4656-4662.
[4]艾丽皎,吴志能,张银龙.水体消落带国内外研究综述[J].生态科学,2013,32(2):259-264.
[5]刁承泰,黄京鸿.三峡水库水位涨落带土地资源的初步研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,1999,8(1):75-80.
[6]鲍玉海,贺秀斌,钟荣华,等.三峡水库消落带植被重建途径及其固土护岸效应[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(6):171-174+180.
[7]唐强,贺秀斌,鲍玉海,等.三峡水库干流典型消落带泥沙沉积过程[J].科技导报,2014,32(24):73-77.
[8]聂立水,李吉跃,戴伟.北京西山油松栓皮栎混交林的土壤水分特征[J].林业科学,2007,43(S1):43-47.
[9]黄志刚,李锋瑞,曹云,等.南方红壤丘陵区杜仲和油桐人工林水土保持效应的比较[J].林业科学,2007,43(8):8-14.
[10]鲍玉海,贺秀斌.三峡水库消落带土壤侵蚀问题初步探讨[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(6):190-195.
[11]康义,郭泉水,程瑞梅,等.三峡库区消落带土壤物理性质变化[J].林业科学,2010,46(6):1-5.
[12]Bao Yuhai,Gao Peng,He Xiubin.The water-level fluctuation zone of Three Gorges Reservoir:A unique geomorphological unit[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2015,150:14-24.
[13]邓华锋,李建林.库水位变化对库岸边坡变形稳定的影响机理研究[J].水利学报,2014,45(S2):45-51.
[14]何晓英,唐红梅,陈洪凯,等.周期性浸泡下三峡库区松散土体微观特性分析[J].重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版,2010(3):445-449,483.
[15]吕海波,曾召田,赵艳林,等.膨胀土强度干湿循环试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(12):3797-3802.
[16]万勇,薛强,吴彦,等.干湿循环作用下压实黏土力学特性与微观机制研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(10):2815-2824.
[17]李妍,彭义.干湿循环条件下紫色土抗剪强度与膨胀率研究[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2015,40(4):70-73.
[18]程瑞梅,王晓荣,肖文发,等.三峡库区消落带水淹初期土壤物理性质及金属含量初探[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(5):156-161.
[19]刘宏泰,张爱军,段涛,等.干湿循环对重塑黄土强度和渗透性的影响[J].水利水运工程学报,2010(4):38-42.
[20]龚琰.干湿循环作用下红黏土的变形和强度特性研究[D].湖南湘潭:湖南科技大学,2015.
[21]Bao Y H,Tang Q,He X B,et al.Soil erosion in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir,China[J].Hydrology Research,2015,46(2):212-221.
[22]Ye C,Li S,Zhang Y,et al.Assessing soil heavy metal pollution in the water-level-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir,China[J].Journal of hazardous materials,2011,191(1):366-372.
[23]雷波,杨春华,杨三明,等.基于GIS的长江三峡水库消落带生态类型划分及其特征[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(8):2082-2090.
[24]常超,谢宗强,熊高明,等.三峡水库蓄水对消落带土壤理化性质的影响[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(7):1236-1244.
[25]卢志军,李连发,黄汉东,等.三峡水库蓄水对消涨带植被的初步影响[J].武汉植物学研究,2010,28(3):303-314.
[26]林俊杰,杨振宇,刘丹,等.干湿交替下三峡支流消落带沉积物粒径组成及氮分布特征[J].土壤学报,2016,53(3):602-611.
[27]查小春,贺秀斌.土壤物理力学性质与土壤侵蚀关系研究进展[J].水土保持研究,1999,6(2):99-105.
[28]曹玲,罗先启.三峡库区千将坪滑坡滑带土干—湿循环条件下强度特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(S1):93-97.
[29]魏海云,詹良通,陈云敏.高饱和度土的压缩和固结特性及其应用[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(2):264-269.
[30]陈正汉.非饱和土与特殊土力学的基本理论研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(2):201-272.
[31]杜高赞,高美荣.三峡库区典型消落带土壤粒径分布及分形特征[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2011,(1):47-50.
[32]倪九派,高明,魏朝富,等.干湿循环条件下重庆地区三种土壤抗剪强度的动态变化[J].土壤学报,2013,50(6):1090-1101.
[33]肖杰,杨和平,王兴正,等.南宁外环膨胀土抗剪强度非线性特征及影响因素分析[J].中国公路学报,2014,27(10):1-8.