生物炭对兰州百合(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)连作土壤的改良作用
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摘要
连作障碍严重影响兰州百合(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)的产量和品质。生物炭在土壤改良中具有一定的作用。将竹炭和稻壳炭加入兰州百合连作土壤,测定了土壤生物化学性质,探讨生物炭对连作退化土壤的改良效应。结果表明:(1)生物炭的添加提高了百合连作土壤的有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和有效钾的含量。(2)生物炭的施用在一定程度上提高了土壤酶活性。(3)利用Illumina Miseq平台检测了土壤样品微生物群落,与对照相比,添加生物炭使微生物群落结构发生了明显的变化,有益细菌鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)的丰度升高,而兰州百合主要致病真菌镰刀菌属(Fusarium)的丰度下降,降低了枯萎病发生的可能。(4)在盆栽试验中,各处理的根系活力和生物量皆高于对照,生物量提高11.85%～13.21%,根系活力提高了57.88%～58.88%。施用生物炭对克服兰州百合的连作障碍、提高土壤肥力有明显的促进作用。
The continuous cropping obstacle of Lanzhou lily seriously affects its yield and quality. The inherent physical and chemical properties and structural characteristics of biochar have certain advantages in overcoming the obstacles of continuous cropping. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of bamboo charcoal and rice husk charcoal on soil biochemical properties of continuous and non-continuous soils of Lanzhou lily in 120 days.The results showed that:( 1) The addition of biochar increased the content of organic matter,alkali nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in lily continuous cropping soil.( 2) The application of biochar increased the enzyme activity to some extent.( 3) The microbial community of different samples was detected by the Illumina Miseq platform. Compared with the control,the microbial community structure changed significantly. The abundance of the beneficial bacteria Sphingomonas was increased,while the main pathogenic fungus of Lanzhou lily the abundance of Fusarium was reduced,reducing the possibility of blight.( 4) In the pot experiment,the root activity and biomass of each treatment were higher than the continuous soil control,the biomass increased by 11.85%-13.21%,and the root activity increased by 57.88%-58.88%. In summary,the results of the study indicate that the application of biochar improves the continuous cropping barrier of Lanzhou lily,which further promotes yield and quality.
The continuous cropping obstacle of Lanzhou lily seriously affects its yield and quality. The inherent physical and chemical properties and structural characteristics of biochar have certain advantages in overcoming the obstacles of continuous cropping. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of bamboo charcoal and rice husk charcoal on soil biochemical properties of continuous and non-continuous soils of Lanzhou lily in 120 days.The results showed that:( 1) The addition of biochar increased the content of organic matter,alkali nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in lily continuous cropping soil.( 2) The application of biochar increased the enzyme activity to some extent.( 3) The microbial community of different samples was detected by the Illumina Miseq platform. Compared with the control,the microbial community structure changed significantly. The abundance of the beneficial bacteria Sphingomonas was increased,while the main pathogenic fungus of Lanzhou lily the abundance of Fusarium was reduced,reducing the possibility of blight.( 4) In the pot experiment,the root activity and biomass of each treatment were higher than the continuous soil control,the biomass increased by 11.85%-13.21%,and the root activity increased by 57.88%-58.88%. In summary,the results of the study indicate that the application of biochar improves the continuous cropping barrier of Lanzhou lily,which further promotes yield and quality.
引文
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[4]白滨,杨花莲,何苏琴,等.兰州百合叶枯病病原菌形态特征及生物学特性研究[J].中国蔬菜,2013(16):78-84.
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[7]喻敏,余均沃,曹培根,等.百合连作土壤养分及物理性状分析[J].土壤通报,2004(3):377-379.
[8]Ahmad M,Rajapaksha A U,Lim J E,et al.Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water:a review[J].Chemosphere,2014,99:19-33.
[9]Lehmann J.A handful of carbon[J].Nature,2007,447:143-144.
[10]Lehmann J.Bio-energy in the black[J].Ecology and Environment,2007(5):381-387.
[11]Agegnehu G,Bass A M,Nelson P N,et al.Benefits of biochar,compost and biochar-compost for soil quality,maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions in a tropical agricultural soil[J].Science of The Total Environment,2016,543:295-306.
[12]Lehmann J,Pereira da Silva J,Steiner C,et al.Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin:fertilizer,manure and charcoal amendments[J].Plant and Soil,2003,49:343-357.
[13]Van Zwieten L,Singh B P,Kimber S W L,et al.An incubation study investigating the mechanisms that impact N2O flux from soil following biochar application[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2014,191:53-62.
[14]Kuzyakov Y,Bogomolova I,Glaser B.Biochar stability in soil:Decomposition during eight years and transformation as assessed by compound-specific 14C analysis[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,70:229-236.
[15]Lehmann J,Rillig M,Thies J,et al.Biochar effects on soil biotaa review[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011.43:1812-1836.
[16]Sun J,He F,Pan Y,et al.Effects of pyrolysis temperature and residence time on physicochemical properties of different biochar types[J].Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica,Section B-Soil&Plant Science,2017,67:12-22.
[17]Novak J M,Cantrell K B,Watts D W.Compositional and thermal evaluation of lignocellulosic and poultry litter chars via high and low temperature pyrolysis[J].BioEnergy Research,2013(6):114-130.
[18]Oladele S O,Adeyemo A J,Awodun M A.Influence of rice husk biochar and inorganic fertilizer on soil nutrients availability and rain-fed rice yield in two contrasting soils[J].Geoderma,2019,336:1-11.
[19]Elmer H W,Pignatello J.Effect of Biochar Amendments on Mycorrhizal Associations and Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of Asparagus in Replant Soils[M].Berlin,Germany:Springer-Verlag,2011.
[20]张晓颖.生物质炭缓解桃连作障碍的效应研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
[21]江晶,杨一斐,张朝巍,等.兰州百合优势种植区分布于土壤养分分析[J].甘肃农业科技,2018(7):45-47.
[22]Zheng J,Stewart C E,Cotrufo M F.Biochar and nitrogen fertilizer alters soil nitrogen dynamics and greenhouse gas fluxes from two temperate soils[J].Journal of Environmental Qualaty,2012,41:1361-1370.
[23]Caporaso J G,Lauber C L,Walters W A,et al.Ultra-highthroughput microbial community analysis on the Illumina HiSeq and MiSeq platforms[J].International Society for Microbial Ecology,2012(6):1621-1624.
[24]Degnan P H,Ochman H.Illumina-based analysis of microbial community diversity[J].International Society for Microbial Ecology,2012(6):183-194.
[25]任继周,朱兴运.河西走廊盐渍地的生物改良与优化生产模式[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:76.
[26]Justin K,Jesse S,Kyle B,et al.QIIME allows analysis of highthroughput community sequencing data[J].Nature America,2010(7):335-336.
[27]Wang Y,Sheng H F,He Y,et al.Comparison of the levels of bacterial diversity in freshwater,intertidal wetland,and marine sediments by using millions of illumina tags[J].Appllied Environment and Microbiology,2012,78:8264-8271.
[28]Tan Z,Lin C S K,Ji X,et al.Returning biochar to fields:a review[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2017,116:1-11.
[29]顾美英,刘洪亮,李志强,等.新疆连作棉田施用生物炭对土壤养分及微生物群落多样性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(20):4128-4136.
[30]O’Neill B,Grossman J,Tsai M T,et al.Bacterial community composition in Brazilian Anthrosols and adjacent soils characterized using culturing and molecular identification[J].Microbial Ecology,2009,58:23-35.
[31]McHenry M P.Soil organic carbon,biochar,and applicable research results for increasing farm productivity under Australian agricultural conditions[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2011,42:1187-1199.
[32]Gundale M J,DeLuca T H.Charcoal effects on soil solution chemistry and growth of Koeleria macrantha in the ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir ecosystem[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2007,43:303-311.
[33]Rovira P,Duguy B,Ramón Vallejo V.Black carbon in wildfireaffected shrubland Mediterranean soils[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2009,172:43-52.
[34]Xu G,Sun J,Shao H,et al.Biochar had effects on phosphorus sorption and desorption in three soils with differing acidity[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,62:54-60.
[35]Yao Y,Gao B,Zhang M,et al.Effect of biochar amendment on sorption and leaching of nitrate,ammonium,and phosphate in a sandy soil[J].Chemosphere,2012,89:1467-1471.
[36]Burns R G,DeForest J L,Marxsen J,et al.Soil enzymes in a changing environment:current knowledge and future directions[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,58:216-234.
[37]Uchimiya M,Wartelle L H,Klasson K T,et al.Influence of pyrolysis temperature on biochar property and function as a heavy metal sorbent in soil[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2011,59:2501-2510.
[38]Yu X Y,Ying G G,Kookana R S.Sorption and desorption behaviors of diuron in soils amended with charcoal[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2006,54:8545-8550.
[39]Yang Y,Yan J L,Ding C.Effects of Biochar amendment on the dynamics of enzyme activities from a paddy soil polluted by heavy metals[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,610:2129-2133.
[40]Yang X,Liu J,McGrouther K,et al.Effect of biochar on the extractability of heavy metals(Cd,Cu,Pb,and Zn)and enzyme activity in soil[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23:974-984.
[41]Elzobair K A,Stromberger M E,Ippolito J A,et al.Contrasting effects of biochar versus manure on soil microbial communities and enzyme activities in an Aridisol[J].Chemosphere,2016,142:145-152.
[42]Gul S,Whalen J,Thomas B,et al.Physico-chemical Properties and Microbial Responses in Biochar-Amended Soils:Mechanisms and Future Directions[M].Berlin,Germany:SpringerVerlag,2015.
[43]Zheng J,Chen J,Pan G,et al.Biochar decreased microbial metabolic quotient and shifted community composition four years after a single incorporation in a slightly acid rice paddy from southwest China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,571:206-217.
[44]Rillig M C,Wagner M,Salem M,et al.Material derived from hydrothermal carbonization:effects on plant growth and arbuscular mycorrhiza[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2010,45:238-242.
[45]Smith J L,Collins H P,Bailey V L.The effect of young biochar on soil respiration[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42:2345-2347.
[46]吕桂芬,吴永胜,李浩,等.荒漠草原不同退化阶段土壤微生物、土壤养分及酶活性的研究[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(1):104-109.
[47]David C W,Susan D S,David B R.The genus Sphingomonas physioligy and ecology[J].Biotechnology,1996,7:301-306.
[48]Pan Q Y,Zhu M D,DengJ L.Study on occurrence and control of Fusarium wilt of lily[C].East China Plant Pathology Academic Seminar and the Jiangsu Provincial Plant Pathology Association Tenth Member Congress.Suzhou,China,2004:103-104.
[49]Vaccari F P,Baronti S,Lugato E,et al.Biochar as a strategy to sequester carbon and increase yield in durum wheat[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2011,34:231-238.
[50]李静静,常建伟,任天宝,等.基于蒸汽爆破技术的烟秆炭对烤烟生长及烟叶品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(4):99-103.
[51]程效义,兰宇,任晓峰,等.生物炭对连作设施土壤酶活性及黄瓜根系性状的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2017,48(4):418-423.
[2]Chen L,Yang X,Raza W,et al.Trichoderma harzianum SQRT037rapidly degrades allelochemicals in rhizospheres of continuously cropped cucumbers[J].Appllied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2011,89:1653-1663.
[3]Liu X B,Stephen J H.Fifteen years of research examining cultivation of continuous soybean in northeast China:a review[J].Field Crops Research,2002,79:1-7.
[4]白滨,杨花莲,何苏琴,等.兰州百合叶枯病病原菌形态特征及生物学特性研究[J].中国蔬菜,2013(16):78-84.
[5]Shang Q H,Zhao X,Li Y Y,et al.First report of Fusarium tircinctum causing stem and root rot on Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)in China[J].Plant Disease,2014,98:1269-1276.
[6]武志江,李业燕,王亚军,等.百合枯萎病拮抗细菌的筛选、鉴定及其抑菌物质研究[J].微生物学通报,2015,42(7):1307-1320.
[7]喻敏,余均沃,曹培根,等.百合连作土壤养分及物理性状分析[J].土壤通报,2004(3):377-379.
[8]Ahmad M,Rajapaksha A U,Lim J E,et al.Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water:a review[J].Chemosphere,2014,99:19-33.
[9]Lehmann J.A handful of carbon[J].Nature,2007,447:143-144.
[10]Lehmann J.Bio-energy in the black[J].Ecology and Environment,2007(5):381-387.
[11]Agegnehu G,Bass A M,Nelson P N,et al.Benefits of biochar,compost and biochar-compost for soil quality,maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions in a tropical agricultural soil[J].Science of The Total Environment,2016,543:295-306.
[12]Lehmann J,Pereira da Silva J,Steiner C,et al.Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin:fertilizer,manure and charcoal amendments[J].Plant and Soil,2003,49:343-357.
[13]Van Zwieten L,Singh B P,Kimber S W L,et al.An incubation study investigating the mechanisms that impact N2O flux from soil following biochar application[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2014,191:53-62.
[14]Kuzyakov Y,Bogomolova I,Glaser B.Biochar stability in soil:Decomposition during eight years and transformation as assessed by compound-specific 14C analysis[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,70:229-236.
[15]Lehmann J,Rillig M,Thies J,et al.Biochar effects on soil biotaa review[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011.43:1812-1836.
[16]Sun J,He F,Pan Y,et al.Effects of pyrolysis temperature and residence time on physicochemical properties of different biochar types[J].Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica,Section B-Soil&Plant Science,2017,67:12-22.
[17]Novak J M,Cantrell K B,Watts D W.Compositional and thermal evaluation of lignocellulosic and poultry litter chars via high and low temperature pyrolysis[J].BioEnergy Research,2013(6):114-130.
[18]Oladele S O,Adeyemo A J,Awodun M A.Influence of rice husk biochar and inorganic fertilizer on soil nutrients availability and rain-fed rice yield in two contrasting soils[J].Geoderma,2019,336:1-11.
[19]Elmer H W,Pignatello J.Effect of Biochar Amendments on Mycorrhizal Associations and Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of Asparagus in Replant Soils[M].Berlin,Germany:Springer-Verlag,2011.
[20]张晓颖.生物质炭缓解桃连作障碍的效应研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
[21]江晶,杨一斐,张朝巍,等.兰州百合优势种植区分布于土壤养分分析[J].甘肃农业科技,2018(7):45-47.
[22]Zheng J,Stewart C E,Cotrufo M F.Biochar and nitrogen fertilizer alters soil nitrogen dynamics and greenhouse gas fluxes from two temperate soils[J].Journal of Environmental Qualaty,2012,41:1361-1370.
[23]Caporaso J G,Lauber C L,Walters W A,et al.Ultra-highthroughput microbial community analysis on the Illumina HiSeq and MiSeq platforms[J].International Society for Microbial Ecology,2012(6):1621-1624.
[24]Degnan P H,Ochman H.Illumina-based analysis of microbial community diversity[J].International Society for Microbial Ecology,2012(6):183-194.
[25]任继周,朱兴运.河西走廊盐渍地的生物改良与优化生产模式[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:76.
[26]Justin K,Jesse S,Kyle B,et al.QIIME allows analysis of highthroughput community sequencing data[J].Nature America,2010(7):335-336.
[27]Wang Y,Sheng H F,He Y,et al.Comparison of the levels of bacterial diversity in freshwater,intertidal wetland,and marine sediments by using millions of illumina tags[J].Appllied Environment and Microbiology,2012,78:8264-8271.
[28]Tan Z,Lin C S K,Ji X,et al.Returning biochar to fields:a review[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2017,116:1-11.
[29]顾美英,刘洪亮,李志强,等.新疆连作棉田施用生物炭对土壤养分及微生物群落多样性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(20):4128-4136.
[30]O’Neill B,Grossman J,Tsai M T,et al.Bacterial community composition in Brazilian Anthrosols and adjacent soils characterized using culturing and molecular identification[J].Microbial Ecology,2009,58:23-35.
[31]McHenry M P.Soil organic carbon,biochar,and applicable research results for increasing farm productivity under Australian agricultural conditions[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2011,42:1187-1199.
[32]Gundale M J,DeLuca T H.Charcoal effects on soil solution chemistry and growth of Koeleria macrantha in the ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir ecosystem[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2007,43:303-311.
[33]Rovira P,Duguy B,Ramón Vallejo V.Black carbon in wildfireaffected shrubland Mediterranean soils[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2009,172:43-52.
[34]Xu G,Sun J,Shao H,et al.Biochar had effects on phosphorus sorption and desorption in three soils with differing acidity[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,62:54-60.
[35]Yao Y,Gao B,Zhang M,et al.Effect of biochar amendment on sorption and leaching of nitrate,ammonium,and phosphate in a sandy soil[J].Chemosphere,2012,89:1467-1471.
[36]Burns R G,DeForest J L,Marxsen J,et al.Soil enzymes in a changing environment:current knowledge and future directions[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,58:216-234.
[37]Uchimiya M,Wartelle L H,Klasson K T,et al.Influence of pyrolysis temperature on biochar property and function as a heavy metal sorbent in soil[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2011,59:2501-2510.
[38]Yu X Y,Ying G G,Kookana R S.Sorption and desorption behaviors of diuron in soils amended with charcoal[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2006,54:8545-8550.
[39]Yang Y,Yan J L,Ding C.Effects of Biochar amendment on the dynamics of enzyme activities from a paddy soil polluted by heavy metals[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,610:2129-2133.
[40]Yang X,Liu J,McGrouther K,et al.Effect of biochar on the extractability of heavy metals(Cd,Cu,Pb,and Zn)and enzyme activity in soil[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23:974-984.
[41]Elzobair K A,Stromberger M E,Ippolito J A,et al.Contrasting effects of biochar versus manure on soil microbial communities and enzyme activities in an Aridisol[J].Chemosphere,2016,142:145-152.
[42]Gul S,Whalen J,Thomas B,et al.Physico-chemical Properties and Microbial Responses in Biochar-Amended Soils:Mechanisms and Future Directions[M].Berlin,Germany:SpringerVerlag,2015.
[43]Zheng J,Chen J,Pan G,et al.Biochar decreased microbial metabolic quotient and shifted community composition four years after a single incorporation in a slightly acid rice paddy from southwest China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,571:206-217.
[44]Rillig M C,Wagner M,Salem M,et al.Material derived from hydrothermal carbonization:effects on plant growth and arbuscular mycorrhiza[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2010,45:238-242.
[45]Smith J L,Collins H P,Bailey V L.The effect of young biochar on soil respiration[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42:2345-2347.
[46]吕桂芬,吴永胜,李浩,等.荒漠草原不同退化阶段土壤微生物、土壤养分及酶活性的研究[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(1):104-109.
[47]David C W,Susan D S,David B R.The genus Sphingomonas physioligy and ecology[J].Biotechnology,1996,7:301-306.
[48]Pan Q Y,Zhu M D,DengJ L.Study on occurrence and control of Fusarium wilt of lily[C].East China Plant Pathology Academic Seminar and the Jiangsu Provincial Plant Pathology Association Tenth Member Congress.Suzhou,China,2004:103-104.
[49]Vaccari F P,Baronti S,Lugato E,et al.Biochar as a strategy to sequester carbon and increase yield in durum wheat[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2011,34:231-238.
[50]李静静,常建伟,任天宝,等.基于蒸汽爆破技术的烟秆炭对烤烟生长及烟叶品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(4):99-103.
[51]程效义,兰宇,任晓峰,等.生物炭对连作设施土壤酶活性及黄瓜根系性状的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2017,48(4):418-423.