糯玉米主要性状环境稳定性分析
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摘要
【目的】探究糯玉米品种主要农艺性状的环境稳定性,为糯玉米品种的选育及推广应用提供理论参考。【方法】以江苏省两个典型的糯玉米品种(苏玉糯5号和连花糯2号)为材料,测定其在不同年份、不同试点的生育期、产量性状、植株性状、果穗性状、抗病性和品质性状,并对其环境稳定性进行分析。【结果】品种效应、年份效应、年份×地点互作效应、年份×品种互作效应和地点×品种×年份互作效应极显著影响鲜穗产量(P<0.01,下同)。不同试点两个参试品种的平均鲜穗产量从高到低排序为:连云港>吴江>丹阳>泰兴>淮安>东台>海门>南京。连花糯2号不同试点的平均鲜穗产量(12927.31 kg/ha)比苏玉糯5号(10680.53 kg/ha)极显著增产21.04%,表明连花糯2号丰产性优于苏玉糯5号。但苏玉糯5号稳产性(变异系数3.74%)略优于连花糯2号(变异系数5.10%)。糯玉米柔嫩性、株高、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、鲜出籽率、生育期、茎腐病抗性和大斑病抗性等性状的环境稳定性较好,但皮渣率、穗位高、空秆率、倒伏率、秃尖长、千粒重、纹枯病抗性和粗缩病抗性等性状的环境稳定性较差。【结论】不同年份间的气候差异是影响糯玉米鲜穗产量的主要外在因素,且穗部性状中的秃尖长和千粒重可能是影响鲜穗产量的主要内在因素,可将其作为糯玉米稳产性、广适性育种的重要指标,并兼顾区域化育种。
【Objective】The environmental stability of main agronomic characters in waxy corn was studied to provide theory reference for the selection,breeding and promotion of waxy corn varieties.【Method】Two typical waxy corn varieties in Jiangsu Province(Suyunuo 5 and Lianhuanuo 2)were selected as experimental materials. The growth period,yield traits,plant traits,ear traits,disease resistance and quality traits at different experimental sites and in different years were determined,and environmental stability was analzyed.【Result】The variety effects,year effects,year × location interaction effects,year×variety interaction effects,location×variety×year interaction effects extremely significantly influenced fresh ear yield(P<0.01,the same below). The average fresh ear yield of two experimental varieties at different experimental sites were ranged from the highest to the lowest: Lianyungang>Wujiang>Danyang>Taixing>Huaian>Dongtai>Haimen>Nanjing. The average fresh ear yield of Lianhuanuo 2(12927.31 kg/ha)was 21.04% more than that of Suyunuo 5(10680.53 kg/ha),and the difference reached extremely significant level. It indicated that the Lianhuanuo 2 had higher yield than Suyunuo 5. Yield stability of Suyunuo 5(variation coefficient was 3.74%)was superior than that of Lianhuanuo 2(variable coefficient was 5.10%). Environmental stabilities for traits of waxy corn such as flexicity,plant height,ear length,ear diameter,ear row number,kernel seed per row,fresh seed yield rate,growth period,stalk rot resistances and leaf blight resistance were good,while environmental stabilities for traits such as residue rate,ear height,bare plant percentage,lodging rate,bare top length,thousand kernel weight,sheath blight resistance and rough dwarf resistance were bad.【Conclusion】The climate difference among different years is the main external factor affecting fresh ear yield of waxy corn,and bare top length and thousand kernel weight may be the main intrinsic factor affecting fresh ear yield. It can be used as an important index for yielding ability and wide adaptability of waxy corn breeding. At the same time,regionalization breeding should be paid the same attention to.
【Objective】The environmental stability of main agronomic characters in waxy corn was studied to provide theory reference for the selection,breeding and promotion of waxy corn varieties.【Method】Two typical waxy corn varieties in Jiangsu Province(Suyunuo 5 and Lianhuanuo 2)were selected as experimental materials. The growth period,yield traits,plant traits,ear traits,disease resistance and quality traits at different experimental sites and in different years were determined,and environmental stability was analzyed.【Result】The variety effects,year effects,year × location interaction effects,year×variety interaction effects,location×variety×year interaction effects extremely significantly influenced fresh ear yield(P<0.01,the same below). The average fresh ear yield of two experimental varieties at different experimental sites were ranged from the highest to the lowest: Lianyungang>Wujiang>Danyang>Taixing>Huaian>Dongtai>Haimen>Nanjing. The average fresh ear yield of Lianhuanuo 2(12927.31 kg/ha)was 21.04% more than that of Suyunuo 5(10680.53 kg/ha),and the difference reached extremely significant level. It indicated that the Lianhuanuo 2 had higher yield than Suyunuo 5. Yield stability of Suyunuo 5(variation coefficient was 3.74%)was superior than that of Lianhuanuo 2(variable coefficient was 5.10%). Environmental stabilities for traits of waxy corn such as flexicity,plant height,ear length,ear diameter,ear row number,kernel seed per row,fresh seed yield rate,growth period,stalk rot resistances and leaf blight resistance were good,while environmental stabilities for traits such as residue rate,ear height,bare plant percentage,lodging rate,bare top length,thousand kernel weight,sheath blight resistance and rough dwarf resistance were bad.【Conclusion】The climate difference among different years is the main external factor affecting fresh ear yield of waxy corn,and bare top length and thousand kernel weight may be the main intrinsic factor affecting fresh ear yield. It can be used as an important index for yielding ability and wide adaptability of waxy corn breeding. At the same time,regionalization breeding should be paid the same attention to.
引文
丁传礼.2016.夏玉米育种目标和主要农艺性状与产量的相关通径分析[J].安徽农学通报,22(2):24-26.[Ding CL.2016.Summer maize breeding targets and correlation and path analysis for main agronomic traits and yield[J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,22(2):24-26.]
黄小兰,薛林,任建,陆虎华,石明亮,陈国清,程玉静,郝德荣,冒宇翔,张振良.2014.江苏省糯玉米育种进展、存在问题与对策[J].江苏农业科学,42(12):101-103.[Huang X L,Xue L,Ren J,Lu H H,Shi M L,Chen G Q,Cheng Y J,Hao D R,Mao Y X,Zhang Z L.2014.Waxy maize breeding progress,problems and countermeasures in Jiangsu[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,42(12):101-103.]
雷涌涛,隆文杰,周国雁,蔡青,伍少云.2016.云南糯玉米种质资源的研究与利用[J].河南农业科学,45(1):1-7.[Lei Y T,Long W J,Zhou G Y,Cai Q,Wu S Y.2016.Research and utilization of waxy maize germplasm resources in Yunnan[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,45(1):1-7.]
李猛,陈洪俭,陈现平,周广成,张玉同,石效林.2001.玉米杂交种产量稳定性研究[J].安徽农业科学,29(3):151-152.[Li M,Chen H J,Chen X P,Zhou G C,Zhang Y T,Shi X L.2001.Study on the yield stability of hybrid corn[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,29(3):151-152.]
刘艳侠,侯珺,郭振升,张慎举,侯乐新.2015.夏玉米杂交种主要数量性状的稳定性与产量稳定性的关系分析[J].河南农业科学,44(7):36-38.[Liu Y X,Hou J,Guo Z S,Zhang S J,Hou L X.2015.Relationship between main quantity characters stability and yield stability of summer maize hybrids[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,44(7):36-38.]
陆大雷,孙世贤,陈国清,陆卫平.2016.国家鲜食糯玉米区域试验品种产量和品质性状分析[J].玉米科学,24(3):62-68.[Lu D L,Sun S X,Chen G Q,Lu W P.2016.Analysis of yield and quality for fresh waxy maize in national regional test[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,24(3):62-68.]
覃兰秋,程伟东,文仁来,谭贤杰.2006.13个糯玉米自交系主要性状的遗传规律及利用分析[J].广西农业科学,37(2):101-103.[Qin L Q,Cheng W D,Wen R L,Tan X J.2006.Inheritance and utilization of major traits of 13waxy maize inbred lines[J].Guangxi Agricultural Sciences,37(2):101-103.]
秦燕,赵永康,杨洪,杨震,杨进,李兰.2016.鲜食糯玉米与花生间作的主要农艺性状及经济效益[J].贵州农业科学,44(6):26-28.[Qin Y,Zhao Y K,Yang H,Yang Z,Yang J,Li L.2016.Main agronomic traits and economic benefits of waxy maize and peanut intercropping[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,44(6):26-28.]
史振声.2006.鲜食玉米品种品质评价及标准的探讨[J].玉米科学,14(6):69-70.[Shi Z S.2006.Evaluation of fresh food corn varieties and quality standards[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,14(6):69-70.]
唐启义.2002.实用统计分析及其DPS数据处理系统[M].北京:科学出版社.[Tang Q Y.200.DPS Data Processing System for Practical Statistics[M].Beijing:Science Press.]
谢业春.2014.糯玉米杂交种主要农艺性状间的相关及通径分析[J].中国农学通报,30(27):93-97.[Xie Y C.2014.Correlation and path analysis of main agronomic traits of waxy corn hybrids[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,30(27):93-97.]
许卫猛,魏常敏,李桂芝,宋万友,周文伟.2017.黄淮海甜玉米新品种主要农艺和产量性状的通径分析[J].中国种业,(2):55-57.[Xu W M,Wei C M,Li G Z,Song W Y,Zhou W W.2017.Path analysis for main agricultural and yield traits of the new varieties of sweet corn in Huanghuaihai[J].China Seed Industry,(2):55-57.]
余海兵,刘正.2001.四个玉米杂交种产量稳定性分析[J].安徽科技学院学报,15(3):10-14.[Yu H B,Liu Z.2001.Analysis of ecological stability of four kinds of maize hybrid[J].Journal of Anhui Institute of Technology,15(3):10-14.]
赵久然,卢柏山,史亚兴,徐丽.2016.我国糯玉米育种及产业发展动态[J].玉米科学,24(4):67-71.[Zhao J R,Lu BS,Shi Y X,Xu L.2016.Development trends of waxy corn breeding and industry in China[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,24(4):67-71.]
Abera W,Rensburg J B J V,Labuschagne M T,Maartens H.2004.Genotype-environment interactions and yield stability analyses of maize in Ethiopia[J].South African Journal of Plant&Soil,21(4):251-254.
Admassu S,Nigussie M,Zelleke H.2008.Genotype-environment interaction and stability analysis for grain yield of maize(Zea mays L.)in Ethiopia[J].Asian Journal of Plant Sciences,7(2):163-169.
Ali S,Khan N U,Khalil I H,Iqbal M,Gul S.2017.Environment effects for earliness and grain yield traits in F1diallel populations of maize(Zea mays L.)[J].Journal of the Science of Food&Agriculture,97(13):4408-4418.
Ardelean M,Cordea M,Has?V,Bors A.2012.G×E interaction on yield stability of five sweet corn hybrids grown under different agricultural systems[J].Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca,40(1):290-292.
Bosev D,Jankulovska M,Ivanovska S,Jankuloski L,Kuzmanovska B,Tanaskovik V.2014.Evaluation of maize hybrids for grain yield stability under rainfed and irrigated conditions using GGE biplot analysis[J].Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science,20:1320-1325.
Hassan M A A.2015.Stability parameters for grain yield and other agronomic traits of promising white maize hybrids[J].Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research,60(1):17-23.
I?Lker E,Tonk F A,C?Aylak?,Tosun M,?zmen I?.2009.A-ssessment of genotype×environment interactions for grain yield in maize hybrids using AMMI and GGE biplot analyses[J].Turkish Journal of Field Crops,4(2):123-135.
Kaundal R,Sharma B K.2006.Genotype x environment interaction and stability analysis for yield and other quantitative traits in maize(Zea mays L.)under rainfed and high rainfall valley areas of the sub-montane[J].Research on Crops,7(1):171-180.
Kinfe H.2015.Correlation and path coefficient analysis of grain yield and yield related traits in maize(Zea mays L.)hybrids,at Bako,Ethiopia.[J].IEE Proceedings-Science Measurement and Technology,141(3):205-214.
Lata S,Guleria S K,Chandel U,Katna G,Singh A.2013.Stability analysis and adaptability of maize hybrids(Zea mays L.)across environments in Himachal Pradesh[J].Crop Research,46(1):55-57.
Matin M,Rasul G,Islam A,Mian K,Ahmed J U,Amiruzzaman M.2017.Stability analysis for yield and yield contributing characters in hybrid maize(Zea mays L.)[J].African Journal of Agricultural Research,12(37):2795-2806.
Shrestha J,Kunwar C B,Upadhyaya J,Giri M,Katuwal R B,Acharya R.2016.Genotype×environment interaction of quality protein maize grain yield in Nepal[J].Journal of Maize Research and Developmen,2(1):66-73.
Shrestha J.2013.Genotype by environment interaction and yield stability analysis of quality protein maize genotypes in Terai Region of Nepal[J].International Journal of Applied Sciences&Biotechnology,1(2):74-78.
Singh S B,Sharma M M,Singh A K.2009.Stability analysis for grain yield and yield-contributing traits in maize(Zea mays)single cross hybrids under mid hills[J].Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,79(11):890-896.
Soumya H,Kamatar M.2017.Correlation and path analysis for yield and yield components in single cross maize hybrids(Zea mays L.)[J].Journal of Farm Sciences,30(2):153-156.
Synrem G,Marker S,Myrthong I.2017.Myrthong genotype x environment interaction and stability analysis for yield and quantitative traits in maize(Zea Mays L.)under different dates of sowing[J].International Journal of Advance Research in Science and Engineering,6(8):24-39.
Tonk F A,Ilker E,Tosun M.2011.Evaluation of genotype×environment interactions in maize hybrids using GGE biplot analysis[J].Crop Breeding&Applied Biotechnology,11(1):1-9.
Worku M,Zelleke H.2008.Genotype×Environment interaction and yield stability of maize[J].East African Journal of Sciences,2(1):7-12.
Zarei B,Kahrizi D,Aboughadareh A P,Sadeghi F.2012.Correlation and path coefficient analysis for determining interrelationships among grain yield and related characters in corn hybrids(Zea mays L.)[J].International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences,4(20):1519-1522.
黄小兰,薛林,任建,陆虎华,石明亮,陈国清,程玉静,郝德荣,冒宇翔,张振良.2014.江苏省糯玉米育种进展、存在问题与对策[J].江苏农业科学,42(12):101-103.[Huang X L,Xue L,Ren J,Lu H H,Shi M L,Chen G Q,Cheng Y J,Hao D R,Mao Y X,Zhang Z L.2014.Waxy maize breeding progress,problems and countermeasures in Jiangsu[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,42(12):101-103.]
雷涌涛,隆文杰,周国雁,蔡青,伍少云.2016.云南糯玉米种质资源的研究与利用[J].河南农业科学,45(1):1-7.[Lei Y T,Long W J,Zhou G Y,Cai Q,Wu S Y.2016.Research and utilization of waxy maize germplasm resources in Yunnan[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,45(1):1-7.]
李猛,陈洪俭,陈现平,周广成,张玉同,石效林.2001.玉米杂交种产量稳定性研究[J].安徽农业科学,29(3):151-152.[Li M,Chen H J,Chen X P,Zhou G C,Zhang Y T,Shi X L.2001.Study on the yield stability of hybrid corn[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,29(3):151-152.]
刘艳侠,侯珺,郭振升,张慎举,侯乐新.2015.夏玉米杂交种主要数量性状的稳定性与产量稳定性的关系分析[J].河南农业科学,44(7):36-38.[Liu Y X,Hou J,Guo Z S,Zhang S J,Hou L X.2015.Relationship between main quantity characters stability and yield stability of summer maize hybrids[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,44(7):36-38.]
陆大雷,孙世贤,陈国清,陆卫平.2016.国家鲜食糯玉米区域试验品种产量和品质性状分析[J].玉米科学,24(3):62-68.[Lu D L,Sun S X,Chen G Q,Lu W P.2016.Analysis of yield and quality for fresh waxy maize in national regional test[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,24(3):62-68.]
覃兰秋,程伟东,文仁来,谭贤杰.2006.13个糯玉米自交系主要性状的遗传规律及利用分析[J].广西农业科学,37(2):101-103.[Qin L Q,Cheng W D,Wen R L,Tan X J.2006.Inheritance and utilization of major traits of 13waxy maize inbred lines[J].Guangxi Agricultural Sciences,37(2):101-103.]
秦燕,赵永康,杨洪,杨震,杨进,李兰.2016.鲜食糯玉米与花生间作的主要农艺性状及经济效益[J].贵州农业科学,44(6):26-28.[Qin Y,Zhao Y K,Yang H,Yang Z,Yang J,Li L.2016.Main agronomic traits and economic benefits of waxy maize and peanut intercropping[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,44(6):26-28.]
史振声.2006.鲜食玉米品种品质评价及标准的探讨[J].玉米科学,14(6):69-70.[Shi Z S.2006.Evaluation of fresh food corn varieties and quality standards[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,14(6):69-70.]
唐启义.2002.实用统计分析及其DPS数据处理系统[M].北京:科学出版社.[Tang Q Y.200.DPS Data Processing System for Practical Statistics[M].Beijing:Science Press.]
谢业春.2014.糯玉米杂交种主要农艺性状间的相关及通径分析[J].中国农学通报,30(27):93-97.[Xie Y C.2014.Correlation and path analysis of main agronomic traits of waxy corn hybrids[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,30(27):93-97.]
许卫猛,魏常敏,李桂芝,宋万友,周文伟.2017.黄淮海甜玉米新品种主要农艺和产量性状的通径分析[J].中国种业,(2):55-57.[Xu W M,Wei C M,Li G Z,Song W Y,Zhou W W.2017.Path analysis for main agricultural and yield traits of the new varieties of sweet corn in Huanghuaihai[J].China Seed Industry,(2):55-57.]
余海兵,刘正.2001.四个玉米杂交种产量稳定性分析[J].安徽科技学院学报,15(3):10-14.[Yu H B,Liu Z.2001.Analysis of ecological stability of four kinds of maize hybrid[J].Journal of Anhui Institute of Technology,15(3):10-14.]
赵久然,卢柏山,史亚兴,徐丽.2016.我国糯玉米育种及产业发展动态[J].玉米科学,24(4):67-71.[Zhao J R,Lu BS,Shi Y X,Xu L.2016.Development trends of waxy corn breeding and industry in China[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,24(4):67-71.]
Abera W,Rensburg J B J V,Labuschagne M T,Maartens H.2004.Genotype-environment interactions and yield stability analyses of maize in Ethiopia[J].South African Journal of Plant&Soil,21(4):251-254.
Admassu S,Nigussie M,Zelleke H.2008.Genotype-environment interaction and stability analysis for grain yield of maize(Zea mays L.)in Ethiopia[J].Asian Journal of Plant Sciences,7(2):163-169.
Ali S,Khan N U,Khalil I H,Iqbal M,Gul S.2017.Environment effects for earliness and grain yield traits in F1diallel populations of maize(Zea mays L.)[J].Journal of the Science of Food&Agriculture,97(13):4408-4418.
Ardelean M,Cordea M,Has?V,Bors A.2012.G×E interaction on yield stability of five sweet corn hybrids grown under different agricultural systems[J].Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca,40(1):290-292.
Bosev D,Jankulovska M,Ivanovska S,Jankuloski L,Kuzmanovska B,Tanaskovik V.2014.Evaluation of maize hybrids for grain yield stability under rainfed and irrigated conditions using GGE biplot analysis[J].Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science,20:1320-1325.
Hassan M A A.2015.Stability parameters for grain yield and other agronomic traits of promising white maize hybrids[J].Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research,60(1):17-23.
I?Lker E,Tonk F A,C?Aylak?,Tosun M,?zmen I?.2009.A-ssessment of genotype×environment interactions for grain yield in maize hybrids using AMMI and GGE biplot analyses[J].Turkish Journal of Field Crops,4(2):123-135.
Kaundal R,Sharma B K.2006.Genotype x environment interaction and stability analysis for yield and other quantitative traits in maize(Zea mays L.)under rainfed and high rainfall valley areas of the sub-montane[J].Research on Crops,7(1):171-180.
Kinfe H.2015.Correlation and path coefficient analysis of grain yield and yield related traits in maize(Zea mays L.)hybrids,at Bako,Ethiopia.[J].IEE Proceedings-Science Measurement and Technology,141(3):205-214.
Lata S,Guleria S K,Chandel U,Katna G,Singh A.2013.Stability analysis and adaptability of maize hybrids(Zea mays L.)across environments in Himachal Pradesh[J].Crop Research,46(1):55-57.
Matin M,Rasul G,Islam A,Mian K,Ahmed J U,Amiruzzaman M.2017.Stability analysis for yield and yield contributing characters in hybrid maize(Zea mays L.)[J].African Journal of Agricultural Research,12(37):2795-2806.
Shrestha J,Kunwar C B,Upadhyaya J,Giri M,Katuwal R B,Acharya R.2016.Genotype×environment interaction of quality protein maize grain yield in Nepal[J].Journal of Maize Research and Developmen,2(1):66-73.
Shrestha J.2013.Genotype by environment interaction and yield stability analysis of quality protein maize genotypes in Terai Region of Nepal[J].International Journal of Applied Sciences&Biotechnology,1(2):74-78.
Singh S B,Sharma M M,Singh A K.2009.Stability analysis for grain yield and yield-contributing traits in maize(Zea mays)single cross hybrids under mid hills[J].Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,79(11):890-896.
Soumya H,Kamatar M.2017.Correlation and path analysis for yield and yield components in single cross maize hybrids(Zea mays L.)[J].Journal of Farm Sciences,30(2):153-156.
Synrem G,Marker S,Myrthong I.2017.Myrthong genotype x environment interaction and stability analysis for yield and quantitative traits in maize(Zea Mays L.)under different dates of sowing[J].International Journal of Advance Research in Science and Engineering,6(8):24-39.
Tonk F A,Ilker E,Tosun M.2011.Evaluation of genotype×environment interactions in maize hybrids using GGE biplot analysis[J].Crop Breeding&Applied Biotechnology,11(1):1-9.
Worku M,Zelleke H.2008.Genotype×Environment interaction and yield stability of maize[J].East African Journal of Sciences,2(1):7-12.
Zarei B,Kahrizi D,Aboughadareh A P,Sadeghi F.2012.Correlation and path coefficient analysis for determining interrelationships among grain yield and related characters in corn hybrids(Zea mays L.)[J].International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences,4(20):1519-1522.