“九·一八”事变之前的东北大豆贸易状况探析
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摘要
近代东北早期经济发展的重心在于农业,在当地生产的农产品中,除供当地居民自己消费的高粱、小麦等粮食作物外,其最重要的一种经济作物就是大豆。自1870年至1930年间,豆货输出占东北贸易额的60%-90%。东北对所需进口货的购买力,皆有赖于豆货输出。再就整个中国的对外贸易而言,自1909年起,豆货开始被列为贸易大宗,自1920年代后期,豆货便取代丝茶,占出口总值首位;而中国出口的豆货,绝大部分又来自东北地区,主要由铁路运往大连出口。对"九·一八"前东北大豆贸易问题进行实证性考察,可以了解东北大豆的种植生产、豆货贸易结构与发展以及日俄两国的垄断竞争等方面的状况。
In the early period of modern northeast China, the focus of economic development was agriculture. Among the local agricultural products, except sorghum, wheat and other food crops for local residents' consumption, soybean was the most important cash crop. From 1870 to 1930, the output of soybean products accounted for 60%-90% of the northeast trade volume. The purchasing power of the northeast in terms of imports depends on the export of soybean products. In terms of China's foreign trade, since 1909, bean products have been listed as a major trade volume. Since the late 1920 s, bean products have replaced silk tea and taken the first place in the total export value. However, the vast majority of bean products exported by China come from the northeast. This paper mainly studies the northeast soybean trade before September 18~(th) from the aspects of soybean planting and production, the structure and development of soybean trade and the monopolistic competition between Japan and Russia.
In the early period of modern northeast China, the focus of economic development was agriculture. Among the local agricultural products, except sorghum, wheat and other food crops for local residents' consumption, soybean was the most important cash crop. From 1870 to 1930, the output of soybean products accounted for 60%-90% of the northeast trade volume. The purchasing power of the northeast in terms of imports depends on the export of soybean products. In terms of China's foreign trade, since 1909, bean products have been listed as a major trade volume. Since the late 1920 s, bean products have replaced silk tea and taken the first place in the total export value. However, the vast majority of bean products exported by China come from the northeast. This paper mainly studies the northeast soybean trade before September 18~(th) from the aspects of soybean planting and production, the structure and development of soybean trade and the monopolistic competition between Japan and Russia.
引文
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[2] Nobuo Murakoshi and Glenn T. Trewartha. Land Utilization Maps of Manchuria [J]. Geographical Review, American Geographical Society, 1930,20(3).
[3] John R. Stewart. The Soya Bean and Manchuria [J]. Far Eastern Survey, 1936,5(21).
[4] 满铁调查课. 满铁调查资料·第124编——世界经济に於大豆の地位 [M]. 昭和五年.
[5] Seoul.Economic History of Manchuria [M]. The Bank of Chosen, 1920: 141.
[6] Alexander Eckstein, Kang Chao and John Chang. The Economic Development of Manchuria: The Rise of a Frontier Economy [J]. The Journal of Economic History, The Tasks of Economic History, Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Economic History Association, 1974, 34(1): 263.
[7] 滿鐵调查課佐田弘志郎. 大連に於ける特産物の取引及採算 [M]. 南滿洲鐵道株式会社, 1931.
[8] Shun-Hsin Chou. Railway Development and Economic Growth in Manchuria [J]. The China Quarterly, Cambridge University Press on behalf of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 1971(45).
[9] 滿鐵调查課佐田弘志郎. 北滿地方に於ける特産物の取引及採算 [M]. 南滿洲鐵道株式会社, 1930.
[10] 中东经济月刊 [J]. 第8卷, 第2号.
[11] 滿鐵调查課. 满蒙铁道の社会及经济に及ぼせる影响(前编)满蒙铁道概论 [M].
[12] 南满洲铁道株式会社. 大正元年12月南满洲铁道株式会社业绩表(秘) [M].
[13] 滿鐵调查課. 南满洲铁道株式会社十年史 [M].