西秦岭北缘漳县中-新生代红层地层格架厘定及其地质意义
|
摘要
西秦岭北缘潭县地区分布的中—新生代红层地层格架和时代一直存在争议。该地区红层地层格架的正确厘定对于重建西秦岭北缘中—新生代构造地貌演化过程和认识印度-欧亚板块汇聚碰撞过程在青藏高原东北缘的远程地质响应具有重要的科学意义。通过对红层地层与下伏老地层以及不同红层地层之间的角度不整合、红层沉积序列及岩石学特征和红层地层与西秦岭北缘断层之间关系的研究,结合孢粉分析资料,重新厘定了西秦岭北缘漳县地区的红层沉积地层地质格架。研究表明,西秦岭漳县地区分布的中—新生代红层地层自下而上可分为三套地层系统,即①下白垩统紫红色砂岩、砾岩。②中新统红色砾岩、砂岩、黏土岩和深紫色-灰色泥岩、灰色泥灰岩、蒸发岩系。③上新统河流相砾岩层(韩家沟砾岩)和F1断层以北的红色洪积砾岩层。三套红层地层之间都为角度不整合面分割,相对地质关系清晰,沉积岩石特征差异明显,尽管由于断层的破坏,但没有影响到整体地层格架。三套红层地层系统反映了西秦岭北缘中—新生代不同阶段的沉积构造环境和古地貌演化过程,为研究西秦岭中—新生代陆内构造过程和青藏高原隆升、构造变形向东北缘的扩展远程效应等科学问题提供了基本的地质约束。
The Mesozoic-Cenozoic red beds are distributed in Zhang County,northern margin of Western Qinling,their stratigraphic frameworks and ages have long been controversial.The stratigraphic framework of these red beds has been established in this paper,which is essential for restoring the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic evolution about the northern margin of Western Qinling,and for understanding the remote geological responses to the collision and convergence process of India-Eurasian plate in the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet plateau.After studying the angular unconformities between these red beds and their underlying strata,the angular unconformities among different red beds,analysing the sedimentary sequence and stratigraphic characteristics of these red beds,and discussing the relationships between these red beds and the faults in the northern margin of Western Qinling,the stratigraphic framework of these red beds in Zhang County has been revised through combining the data of pollen analysis.The results confirm that the Mesozoic-Cenozoic red beds in Zhang County can be divided into three different stratigraphic units separated by angular unconformities,which include① Lower Cretaceous purple red sandstone and conglomerate.② Oligocene-Miocene red conglomerate,sandstone and claystone,deep purple-grey mudstone,grey marl and evaporation rocks.③ Pliocene fluvial conglomerate layer,that is,Hanjiagou conglomerate and pluvial conglomerate layer north of F1 fault.Three sedimentary stratigraphic units for these red beds in Zhang County stand for the sedimentary tectonic environment and ancient landform evolution process in the northern margin of Western Qinling,providing the basic geological constraints to understand the Mesozoic- Cenozoic intracontinental tectonic processes of Western Qinling,as well as the uplift,tectonic deformation of Qinghai-Tibet plateau and the remote geological responses to the collision and convergence process of IndiaEurasian plate in the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet plateau.
The Mesozoic-Cenozoic red beds are distributed in Zhang County,northern margin of Western Qinling,their stratigraphic frameworks and ages have long been controversial.The stratigraphic framework of these red beds has been established in this paper,which is essential for restoring the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic evolution about the northern margin of Western Qinling,and for understanding the remote geological responses to the collision and convergence process of India-Eurasian plate in the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet plateau.After studying the angular unconformities between these red beds and their underlying strata,the angular unconformities among different red beds,analysing the sedimentary sequence and stratigraphic characteristics of these red beds,and discussing the relationships between these red beds and the faults in the northern margin of Western Qinling,the stratigraphic framework of these red beds in Zhang County has been revised through combining the data of pollen analysis.The results confirm that the Mesozoic-Cenozoic red beds in Zhang County can be divided into three different stratigraphic units separated by angular unconformities,which include① Lower Cretaceous purple red sandstone and conglomerate.② Oligocene-Miocene red conglomerate,sandstone and claystone,deep purple-grey mudstone,grey marl and evaporation rocks.③ Pliocene fluvial conglomerate layer,that is,Hanjiagou conglomerate and pluvial conglomerate layer north of F1 fault.Three sedimentary stratigraphic units for these red beds in Zhang County stand for the sedimentary tectonic environment and ancient landform evolution process in the northern margin of Western Qinling,providing the basic geological constraints to understand the Mesozoic- Cenozoic intracontinental tectonic processes of Western Qinling,as well as the uplift,tectonic deformation of Qinghai-Tibet plateau and the remote geological responses to the collision and convergence process of IndiaEurasian plate in the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet plateau.
引文
陈发景,汪新文,陈昭年.前陆盆地分析[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.CHEN Fajing,WANG Xinwen,CHEN Zhaonian.Analysis ofForeland Basin[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2007.
邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,等.中国活动构造基本特征[J].中国科学:D辑,2002,32(12):1020-1030.DENG Qidong,ZHANG Peizhen,RAN Yongkang,et al.Basic characteristics of active tectonics of China[J].Science in China(Series D),2002,32(12):1020-1030.
方小敏,徐先海,宋春晖,等.临夏盆地新生代沉积物高分辨率岩石磁学记录与亚洲内陆干旱化过程及原因[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(6):989-1000.FANG Xiaomin,XU Xianhai,SONG Chunhui,et al.High resolution rock magnetic records of Cenozoic sediments in the Linxia basin and their implication on drying of Asian inland[J].Quaternary Sciences,2007,27(6):989-1000.
方小敏,李吉均,朱俊杰,等.甘肃临夏盆地新生代地层绝对年代测定与划分[J].科学通报,1997,42(14):1457-1471.FANG Xiaomin,LI Jijun,ZHU Junjie,et al.Absolute age determination and division of Cenozoic stratigraphy in the Linxia Basin of Gansu Province[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1997,42(14):1457-1471.
冯益民,曹宣铎,张二朋,等.西秦岭造山带的演化、构造格局和性质[J].西北地质,2003,36(1):1-10.FENG Yimin,CAO Xuanze,ZHANG Erpeng,et al.Tectonic evolution framework and nature of the west Qinling Orogenic Belt[J].Northwestern Geology,2003,36(1):1-10.
甘肃省地质矿产局.甘肃省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1989.Bureau of Geology and Mineral Recourses of Gansu Province.Regional Geology of Gansu Province[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1989.
甘肃省地质调查院.合作幅、岷县幅1:250000区域地质调查报告[R].兰州:甘肃省地质调查院,2007.Geological Survey of Gansu Province.1:250000 Minxian and Hezuo regional Geological Surveying Report[R].Lanzhou:Geological Survey of Gansu Province,2007.
李吉均,方小敏,潘保田,等.新生代晚期青藏高原强烈隆升及其对周边环境的影响[J].第四纪研究,2001,21(5):381-391.LI Jijun,FANG Xiaomin,PAN Baotian,et al.Late Cenozoic intensive uplift of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its impacts on environments in surrounding area[J].Quaternary Sciences,2001,21(5):381-391.
李吉均,方晓敏,马海洲,等.晚新生代黄河上游地貌演化与青藏高原隆起[J].中国科学(D辑),1996,26(4):316-322.LI Jijun,FANG Xiaomin,MA Haizhou,et al.Geomorphologic and environmental evolution in the upper reaches of Yellow River during the Late Cenozoic[J].Science in China(Series D),1996,26(4):316-322.
李吉均,方晓敏.青藏高原隆起与环境变化研究[J].科学通报,1998,43(15):1569-1574.LI Jijun,FANG Xiaomin,Uplift and environmental change of Qinghai-Tibetan plateau[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1998,43(15):1569-1574.
李吉均,文世宣,张青松,等.青藏高原隆起的时代、幅度和形式的探讨[J].中国科学,1979,(6):608-616.
陕西地质局区测队.陇西(Ⅰ-48-Ⅸ)幅1:20万地质图及说明书[R].1970.Geological Survey Team of Shaanxi Province.Longxi(Ⅰ-48-Ⅸ)Geological Map and explanatory book(scale:1:200000)[R].1970.
宋春晖,方小敏,高军平,等.青藏高原东北部贵德盆地新生代沉积演化与构造隆升[J].沉积学报,2001,19(4):493-500.SONG Chunhui,FANG Xiaomin,GAO Junping,et al.Tectonic uplift and sedimentary evolution of the Guide Basin in the northeast margin of Tibetan Plateau in Cenozoic Era[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sincia,2001,19(4):493-500.
王成善,戴紧根,刘志飞,等.西藏高原与喜马拉雅的隆升历史和研究方法:回顾与进展[J].地学前缘,2009,16(3):1-30.WANG Chengshan,DAI Jingen,LIU Zhifei,et al.The uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau and Himalaya and its study approaches and techniques:A review[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2009,16(3):1-30.
王修喜,李吉均,宋春晖,等.青藏高原东北缘西秦岭新生代抬升—天水盆地碎屑颗粒磷灰石裂变径迹记录[J].沉积学报,2006,24(6):783-789.WANG Xiuxi,LI Jijun,SONG Chunhui,et al.Cenozoic Uplift of West Qinling Northeast Margin of Tibetan Plateau:The record of detrital apatite fission track data in Tianshui Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(6):783-789.
王志才,张培震,张广良,等.西秦岭北缘构造带的新生代构造活动—兼论青藏高原东北缘形成过程的指示意义[J].地学前缘,2006,13(4):119-135.WANG Zhicai,ZHANG Peizhen,ZHANG Guangliang,et al.Tertiary tectonic activities of the north frontal fault zone of west Qinling mountains:implication for the growth of the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2006,13(4):119-135.
张国伟,郭安林,姚安平.中国大陆构造中西秦岭-松潘大陆构造结[J].地学前缘,2004,11(3):23-32.ZHANG Gouwei,GUO Anlin,YAO Anping.Western Qinling-Songpan continental tectonic node in China's continental tectonics[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2004,11(3):23-32.
张二朋.秦岭-大巴山及临区地质图(1:1000000)[M].北京:地质出版社,1992.ZHANG Erpeng.Geological Map of Qinling-Daba Mountains and AdjacentRegion of the People's Republic of China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1992.
张培震,郑德文,尹功明,等.有关青藏高原东北缘晚新生代扩展与隆升的讨论[J].第四纪研究,2007,26(1):5-13.ZHANG Peizhen,ZHENG Dewen,YIN Gongming,et al.Discussion on late Cenozoic growth and rise of Northeastern magin of Tibetan Plateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,2007,26(1):5-13.
郑度,姚檀栋,等.青藏高原隆升与环境效应[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.ZHENG Du,YAO Tandong,et al.Uplift of Qinghai-Tibentan Plateau and Its environmental Effects[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004.
中国地质调查局.中华人民共和国地质图(1:2500000)说明书[M].北京:地质出版社,2004.Geological Survey of China.Geological Map of People's Republic of China(scale:1:2500000)and its Instruction[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2004.
FANG X,GARZIONE C,VANDER VR,et al.Flexural subsidence by 29 Ma on the NE edge of Tibet from the magnetostratigraphy of Linxia Basin,China[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2003,210(3):545-560.
FANG X,YAN M,VAN DER VR,et al.Late Cenozoic deformation and uplift of the NE Tibetan Plateau:Evidence from high-resolution magnetostratigraphy of the Guide Basin,Qinghai Province,China[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of America,2005,117(9-10):1208-1225.
LIU S F,ZHANG G W,HELLER P L.Cenozoic basin development and its indication of plateau growth in the Xunhua-Guide district[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2007,50(2):277-291.
WANG W,KIRBY E,ZHANG P Z,et al.Tertiary basin evolution along the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau:Evidence for basin formation during Oligocene transtension[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2012,125(3-4):377-400.
TAPPONNIER P,XU Z Q,ROGER F,et al.Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau[J].Science,2001,294(5547):1671-1677.
YIN A,HARRISON T M.Geologic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogeny[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,2000,28(1):211-280.
邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,等.中国活动构造基本特征[J].中国科学:D辑,2002,32(12):1020-1030.DENG Qidong,ZHANG Peizhen,RAN Yongkang,et al.Basic characteristics of active tectonics of China[J].Science in China(Series D),2002,32(12):1020-1030.
方小敏,徐先海,宋春晖,等.临夏盆地新生代沉积物高分辨率岩石磁学记录与亚洲内陆干旱化过程及原因[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(6):989-1000.FANG Xiaomin,XU Xianhai,SONG Chunhui,et al.High resolution rock magnetic records of Cenozoic sediments in the Linxia basin and their implication on drying of Asian inland[J].Quaternary Sciences,2007,27(6):989-1000.
方小敏,李吉均,朱俊杰,等.甘肃临夏盆地新生代地层绝对年代测定与划分[J].科学通报,1997,42(14):1457-1471.FANG Xiaomin,LI Jijun,ZHU Junjie,et al.Absolute age determination and division of Cenozoic stratigraphy in the Linxia Basin of Gansu Province[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1997,42(14):1457-1471.
冯益民,曹宣铎,张二朋,等.西秦岭造山带的演化、构造格局和性质[J].西北地质,2003,36(1):1-10.FENG Yimin,CAO Xuanze,ZHANG Erpeng,et al.Tectonic evolution framework and nature of the west Qinling Orogenic Belt[J].Northwestern Geology,2003,36(1):1-10.
甘肃省地质矿产局.甘肃省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1989.Bureau of Geology and Mineral Recourses of Gansu Province.Regional Geology of Gansu Province[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1989.
甘肃省地质调查院.合作幅、岷县幅1:250000区域地质调查报告[R].兰州:甘肃省地质调查院,2007.Geological Survey of Gansu Province.1:250000 Minxian and Hezuo regional Geological Surveying Report[R].Lanzhou:Geological Survey of Gansu Province,2007.
李吉均,方小敏,潘保田,等.新生代晚期青藏高原强烈隆升及其对周边环境的影响[J].第四纪研究,2001,21(5):381-391.LI Jijun,FANG Xiaomin,PAN Baotian,et al.Late Cenozoic intensive uplift of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its impacts on environments in surrounding area[J].Quaternary Sciences,2001,21(5):381-391.
李吉均,方晓敏,马海洲,等.晚新生代黄河上游地貌演化与青藏高原隆起[J].中国科学(D辑),1996,26(4):316-322.LI Jijun,FANG Xiaomin,MA Haizhou,et al.Geomorphologic and environmental evolution in the upper reaches of Yellow River during the Late Cenozoic[J].Science in China(Series D),1996,26(4):316-322.
李吉均,方晓敏.青藏高原隆起与环境变化研究[J].科学通报,1998,43(15):1569-1574.LI Jijun,FANG Xiaomin,Uplift and environmental change of Qinghai-Tibetan plateau[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1998,43(15):1569-1574.
李吉均,文世宣,张青松,等.青藏高原隆起的时代、幅度和形式的探讨[J].中国科学,1979,(6):608-616.
陕西地质局区测队.陇西(Ⅰ-48-Ⅸ)幅1:20万地质图及说明书[R].1970.Geological Survey Team of Shaanxi Province.Longxi(Ⅰ-48-Ⅸ)Geological Map and explanatory book(scale:1:200000)[R].1970.
宋春晖,方小敏,高军平,等.青藏高原东北部贵德盆地新生代沉积演化与构造隆升[J].沉积学报,2001,19(4):493-500.SONG Chunhui,FANG Xiaomin,GAO Junping,et al.Tectonic uplift and sedimentary evolution of the Guide Basin in the northeast margin of Tibetan Plateau in Cenozoic Era[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sincia,2001,19(4):493-500.
王成善,戴紧根,刘志飞,等.西藏高原与喜马拉雅的隆升历史和研究方法:回顾与进展[J].地学前缘,2009,16(3):1-30.WANG Chengshan,DAI Jingen,LIU Zhifei,et al.The uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau and Himalaya and its study approaches and techniques:A review[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2009,16(3):1-30.
王修喜,李吉均,宋春晖,等.青藏高原东北缘西秦岭新生代抬升—天水盆地碎屑颗粒磷灰石裂变径迹记录[J].沉积学报,2006,24(6):783-789.WANG Xiuxi,LI Jijun,SONG Chunhui,et al.Cenozoic Uplift of West Qinling Northeast Margin of Tibetan Plateau:The record of detrital apatite fission track data in Tianshui Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(6):783-789.
王志才,张培震,张广良,等.西秦岭北缘构造带的新生代构造活动—兼论青藏高原东北缘形成过程的指示意义[J].地学前缘,2006,13(4):119-135.WANG Zhicai,ZHANG Peizhen,ZHANG Guangliang,et al.Tertiary tectonic activities of the north frontal fault zone of west Qinling mountains:implication for the growth of the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2006,13(4):119-135.
张国伟,郭安林,姚安平.中国大陆构造中西秦岭-松潘大陆构造结[J].地学前缘,2004,11(3):23-32.ZHANG Gouwei,GUO Anlin,YAO Anping.Western Qinling-Songpan continental tectonic node in China's continental tectonics[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2004,11(3):23-32.
张二朋.秦岭-大巴山及临区地质图(1:1000000)[M].北京:地质出版社,1992.ZHANG Erpeng.Geological Map of Qinling-Daba Mountains and AdjacentRegion of the People's Republic of China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1992.
张培震,郑德文,尹功明,等.有关青藏高原东北缘晚新生代扩展与隆升的讨论[J].第四纪研究,2007,26(1):5-13.ZHANG Peizhen,ZHENG Dewen,YIN Gongming,et al.Discussion on late Cenozoic growth and rise of Northeastern magin of Tibetan Plateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,2007,26(1):5-13.
郑度,姚檀栋,等.青藏高原隆升与环境效应[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.ZHENG Du,YAO Tandong,et al.Uplift of Qinghai-Tibentan Plateau and Its environmental Effects[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004.
中国地质调查局.中华人民共和国地质图(1:2500000)说明书[M].北京:地质出版社,2004.Geological Survey of China.Geological Map of People's Republic of China(scale:1:2500000)and its Instruction[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2004.
FANG X,GARZIONE C,VANDER VR,et al.Flexural subsidence by 29 Ma on the NE edge of Tibet from the magnetostratigraphy of Linxia Basin,China[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2003,210(3):545-560.
FANG X,YAN M,VAN DER VR,et al.Late Cenozoic deformation and uplift of the NE Tibetan Plateau:Evidence from high-resolution magnetostratigraphy of the Guide Basin,Qinghai Province,China[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of America,2005,117(9-10):1208-1225.
LIU S F,ZHANG G W,HELLER P L.Cenozoic basin development and its indication of plateau growth in the Xunhua-Guide district[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2007,50(2):277-291.
WANG W,KIRBY E,ZHANG P Z,et al.Tertiary basin evolution along the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau:Evidence for basin formation during Oligocene transtension[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2012,125(3-4):377-400.
TAPPONNIER P,XU Z Q,ROGER F,et al.Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau[J].Science,2001,294(5547):1671-1677.
YIN A,HARRISON T M.Geologic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogeny[J].Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,2000,28(1):211-280.