煤矿开采地表沉陷盆地边界的再认识
|
摘要
为了研究厚松散层条件下煤矿开采沉陷盆地边界的界定及其影响因素,基于现场实测资料和误差传播定律,建立了厚含水松散层条件下地表沉陷监测点点位中误差函数模型;以辛置煤矿五采区为工程背景,采用UDEC离散元数值分析方法,揭示了采动程度与边界角之间的协同作用关系。研究结果表明:不同国家对沉陷盆地边界的界定并不统一,厚含水松散层条件下,沉陷盆地边缘15 mm的水平移动点可作为沉陷盆地的边界,对于特级保护对象,建议以2 mm下沉点作为沉陷盆地的边界。随着采动程度的增加,沉陷盆地上、下山边界角呈现先缓慢减小再逐渐增加的趋势,二者服从Lorentz函数模型,相关度分别为0. 88和0. 99,该函数模型能够表达研究区域采动程度与边界角之间的内在联系。
In order to study the definition and influence factors of subsidence basin boundary induced by coal mining under the condition of thick unconsolidated layers,a functional model of mean square error for the positions of surface subsidence monitoring points under the condition of thick water-bearing unconsolidated layers was established based on the in-situ measurement data and the error propagation law. Taking the 5 thmining section in Xinzhi coal mine as the engineering background,the synergistic interaction between the mining degree and the limit angle was revealed by using the UDEC discrete element numerical analysis method. The results showed that different countries had different definitions of subsidence basin boundary,and the horizontal movement points being 15 mm away from the edge of subsidence basin could be taken as the boundary of subsidence basin under the condition of thick water-bearing unconsolidated layers. For the specific protected object,it was recommended that the subsidence points of 2 mm could be taken as the boundary of subsidence basin. With the increase of mining degree,the limit angles at the rise-side and dip-side of subsidence basin slowly decreased first and then increased gradually. Both of them followed the Lorentz functional model,and the correlation degree was 0. 88 and 0. 99 respectively.This functional model could express the interrelation between the mining degree and the limit angle in the studied area.
In order to study the definition and influence factors of subsidence basin boundary induced by coal mining under the condition of thick unconsolidated layers,a functional model of mean square error for the positions of surface subsidence monitoring points under the condition of thick water-bearing unconsolidated layers was established based on the in-situ measurement data and the error propagation law. Taking the 5 thmining section in Xinzhi coal mine as the engineering background,the synergistic interaction between the mining degree and the limit angle was revealed by using the UDEC discrete element numerical analysis method. The results showed that different countries had different definitions of subsidence basin boundary,and the horizontal movement points being 15 mm away from the edge of subsidence basin could be taken as the boundary of subsidence basin under the condition of thick water-bearing unconsolidated layers. For the specific protected object,it was recommended that the subsidence points of 2 mm could be taken as the boundary of subsidence basin. With the increase of mining degree,the limit angles at the rise-side and dip-side of subsidence basin slowly decreased first and then increased gradually. Both of them followed the Lorentz functional model,and the correlation degree was 0. 88 and 0. 99 respectively.This functional model could express the interrelation between the mining degree and the limit angle in the studied area.
引文
[1]韩奎峰,康建荣,王正帅,等.山区采动地表裂缝预测方法研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(6):896-1000.HAN Kuifeng,KANG Jianrong,WANG Zhengshuai,et al. Prediction of surface fissure in high relief areas induced by underground coal mining[J]. Journal of Mining&safety Engineering,2014,31(6):896-1000.
[2]何国清,杨伦,凌赓娣,等.矿山开采沉陷学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1991:42-44.
[3]国家安全监管总局,国家煤矿安监局,国家能源局,国家铁路局.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规范[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2017:11-12.
[4]刘义新,戴华阳,姜耀东.厚松散层矿区地表移动盆地边界角确定方法[J].煤矿安全,2012,43(9):47-49.LIU Yixin,DAI Huayang,JIANG Yaodong. Determination method of boundary angle of ground subsidence basin in thick unconsolidated mining area[J]. Safety in Coal Mines,2012,43(9):47-49.
[5]高庆潮,胡炳南.特厚冲积层条件下大采高综采地表移动变形特征[J].煤矿开采,2003,8(2):19-21.GAO Qingchao,HU Binnan. Features of surface deformation and moving with great cutting-height fully mechanized mining under extra-thick alluvium deposit[J]. Coal Mining Technology,2003,8(2):19-21.
[6]李春意.大采深厚松散层地表沉陷规律的研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2007.
[7] National Coal Board(NCB). Subsidence engineer’s handbook[M]. London:N. C. B.,1975.
[8] YAO X L,WHITTAKER B N,REDDISH D J. Influence of overburden mass behavioral properties on subsidence limit characteristics[J]. Mining Science and Technology,1991(13):167-173.
[9] REN G,REDDISH D J,WHITTAKER B N. Mining subsidence and displacement prediction for inclined seams[J]. Mining Science and Technology,1989(8):235-252.
[10] PENG S S. Surface subsidence engineering[M]. New York:The Society for Mining,Metallurgy,and Exploration,Inc,1992:89-91.
[11] MARIAN MARSCHALKO,I爦IK YILMAZ,VERONIKA KRˇSTKOV,et al. Determination of actual limit angles to the surface and their comparison with the empirical values in the Upper Silesian Basin(Czech Republic)[J]. Engineering Geology,2012(124):130-138.
[12] Kratzsch H. Ming Subsidence Engineering[M]. Fleming R F S.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1983:152-154.
[13]中华人民共和国能源部.煤矿测量规程[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1989:71-73.
[14] ZHOU D W,WU K,CHENG G L et al. Mechanism of mining subsidence in coal mining area with thick alluvium soil in China[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2015(8):1855-1867.
[15]刘义新.厚松散层下深部开采覆岩破坏及地表移动规律研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2010.
[16]中华人民共和国建设部.工程测量规范:GB 50026—2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[17]郭增长,柴华彬.煤矿开采沉陷学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2013:52-53.
[18]李春意,崔希民.巨厚黄土层下间歇开采岩移机理及地表沉陷规律研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2017,13(5):1396-1406.LI Chunyi,CUI Ximin. Mechanism of strata movement and surface subsidence law of intermittent excavation of Xinzhi coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2017,13(5):1396-1406.
[19]郭增长.极不充分开采地表移动预计方法及建筑物深部压煤开采技术的研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2000.
[2]何国清,杨伦,凌赓娣,等.矿山开采沉陷学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1991:42-44.
[3]国家安全监管总局,国家煤矿安监局,国家能源局,国家铁路局.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规范[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2017:11-12.
[4]刘义新,戴华阳,姜耀东.厚松散层矿区地表移动盆地边界角确定方法[J].煤矿安全,2012,43(9):47-49.LIU Yixin,DAI Huayang,JIANG Yaodong. Determination method of boundary angle of ground subsidence basin in thick unconsolidated mining area[J]. Safety in Coal Mines,2012,43(9):47-49.
[5]高庆潮,胡炳南.特厚冲积层条件下大采高综采地表移动变形特征[J].煤矿开采,2003,8(2):19-21.GAO Qingchao,HU Binnan. Features of surface deformation and moving with great cutting-height fully mechanized mining under extra-thick alluvium deposit[J]. Coal Mining Technology,2003,8(2):19-21.
[6]李春意.大采深厚松散层地表沉陷规律的研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2007.
[7] National Coal Board(NCB). Subsidence engineer’s handbook[M]. London:N. C. B.,1975.
[8] YAO X L,WHITTAKER B N,REDDISH D J. Influence of overburden mass behavioral properties on subsidence limit characteristics[J]. Mining Science and Technology,1991(13):167-173.
[9] REN G,REDDISH D J,WHITTAKER B N. Mining subsidence and displacement prediction for inclined seams[J]. Mining Science and Technology,1989(8):235-252.
[10] PENG S S. Surface subsidence engineering[M]. New York:The Society for Mining,Metallurgy,and Exploration,Inc,1992:89-91.
[11] MARIAN MARSCHALKO,I爦IK YILMAZ,VERONIKA KRˇSTKOV,et al. Determination of actual limit angles to the surface and their comparison with the empirical values in the Upper Silesian Basin(Czech Republic)[J]. Engineering Geology,2012(124):130-138.
[12] Kratzsch H. Ming Subsidence Engineering[M]. Fleming R F S.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1983:152-154.
[13]中华人民共和国能源部.煤矿测量规程[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1989:71-73.
[14] ZHOU D W,WU K,CHENG G L et al. Mechanism of mining subsidence in coal mining area with thick alluvium soil in China[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2015(8):1855-1867.
[15]刘义新.厚松散层下深部开采覆岩破坏及地表移动规律研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2010.
[16]中华人民共和国建设部.工程测量规范:GB 50026—2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[17]郭增长,柴华彬.煤矿开采沉陷学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2013:52-53.
[18]李春意,崔希民.巨厚黄土层下间歇开采岩移机理及地表沉陷规律研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2017,13(5):1396-1406.LI Chunyi,CUI Ximin. Mechanism of strata movement and surface subsidence law of intermittent excavation of Xinzhi coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2017,13(5):1396-1406.
[19]郭增长.极不充分开采地表移动预计方法及建筑物深部压煤开采技术的研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2000.