松辽盆地伏龙泉断陷边界断层构造反转率
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摘要
盆地边界断层通常为同沉积断层,同沉积断层活动时间相对短且具有间歇性,地层沉积时间相对较长,这决定了断陷盆地的地层分布格局。通过分析同沉积断层理论模式,认为断陷缓坡带地层厚度与边界断层下盘厚度相当,边界断层下盘通常缺失与上盘对应的地层,可选择断陷盆地缓坡带地层厚度代替边界断层下盘厚度,建立虚拟下盘厚度格架,然后运用位移-距离曲线等方法对边界断层开展定量研究。伏龙泉断陷位于松辽盆地东南部,为东断西超的半地堑盆地,发育4条边界断层,依次控制了4个沉积次洼,4条边界断层的活动强度和反转程度存在差异。伏龙泉断陷经历了断陷期、拗陷期、反转期三个主要的构造期次,分别对应于边界断层强烈活动、停止活动、反转活动3个演化阶段,发生于白垩纪末的反转活动使得边界断层再次活化,形成油气运移通道,深层油气向上运移到浅层圈闭中,形成次生油气藏。通过定量计算伏龙泉断陷各边界断层的反转率,结合油气富集规律认识,认为反转率适中的区域最有利于次生油气藏的形成和保存。
The boundary faults of basin are generally synsedimentary faults,which are characterized as having relatively short period of activity with intermittency and relatively long stratum deposition. The two factors together determine the stratigraphic distribution of fault depression basins. This paper analyzed the theoretical model of synsedimentary faults.Results show that the thickness of the gentle slope zones of the fault depression is equivalent to that of the footwall of the boundary fault,and at the footwall,the strata corresponding to the upper wall are usually absent. The thickness of strata in the gentle slope zone can replace that of the footwall of the boundary fault,and a virtual footwall thickness framework can be established,then the boundary faults can be studied quantitatively by means of displacement-distance graphs. Fulongquan fault depression locating in the southeast of Songliao Basin,a half-graben basin with faulting in the east and overlapping in the west,develops four boundary faults controlling four sub-sags in turn,and the activity intensity and inversion degree of these boundary faults are different. It has experienced three main structural movement,fault depression,depression,and inversion,corresponding to the three active phases of boundary faults,intense activity,inactivity,and inverting activity. The structural inverdion wich happened in the end of the Cretaceous,functions to reactivate the boundary faults and form hydrocarbon migration paths; hence the deep hydrocarbons migrated upward to the shallower traps,and the secondary hydrocarbon reserviors are thus produced. The quantitarive study about the inverted rate of each bondary fault,combined with the study of hydrocarbon accumulation patterns in Fulongquan fault depression,indicates that the areas with mrdium inverted rate are the most conducive in the generation and preservation of secondary hydrocarbon reservoirs.
The boundary faults of basin are generally synsedimentary faults,which are characterized as having relatively short period of activity with intermittency and relatively long stratum deposition. The two factors together determine the stratigraphic distribution of fault depression basins. This paper analyzed the theoretical model of synsedimentary faults.Results show that the thickness of the gentle slope zones of the fault depression is equivalent to that of the footwall of the boundary fault,and at the footwall,the strata corresponding to the upper wall are usually absent. The thickness of strata in the gentle slope zone can replace that of the footwall of the boundary fault,and a virtual footwall thickness framework can be established,then the boundary faults can be studied quantitatively by means of displacement-distance graphs. Fulongquan fault depression locating in the southeast of Songliao Basin,a half-graben basin with faulting in the east and overlapping in the west,develops four boundary faults controlling four sub-sags in turn,and the activity intensity and inversion degree of these boundary faults are different. It has experienced three main structural movement,fault depression,depression,and inversion,corresponding to the three active phases of boundary faults,intense activity,inactivity,and inverting activity. The structural inverdion wich happened in the end of the Cretaceous,functions to reactivate the boundary faults and form hydrocarbon migration paths; hence the deep hydrocarbons migrated upward to the shallower traps,and the secondary hydrocarbon reserviors are thus produced. The quantitarive study about the inverted rate of each bondary fault,combined with the study of hydrocarbon accumulation patterns in Fulongquan fault depression,indicates that the areas with mrdium inverted rate are the most conducive in the generation and preservation of secondary hydrocarbon reservoirs.
引文
[1]雷宝华.生长断层活动强度定量研究的主要方法评述[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(9):947-956.Lei Baohua. Review of methods with quantitative studies of activity intensity of the growth fault[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2012,27(9):947-956.
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[4]朱起煌.反转构造的运动学分析与形态类型[J].中国海上油气(地质),1994,8(4):244-251.Zhu Qihuang. Kinematic analysis and geometric types of inversion structure[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas(geology),1994,8(4):244-251.
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[8]杨晓利,张自力,孙明,等.同沉积断层控砂模式——以南堡凹陷南部地区Es1段为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(4):526-533.Yang Xiaoli,Zhang Zili,Sun Ming,et al. Models of contemporaneous fault controlling sandstone deposition:a case study of Es1 in southern Nanpu Sag[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(4):526-533.
[9]李勤英,罗凤芝,苗翠芝.断层活动速率研究方法及应用探讨[J].断块油气田,2000,7(2):15-17.Li Qingying,Luo Fengzhi,Miao Cuizhi. Research on fault activity ratio and its application[J]. Fault-Block Oil&Gas field,2000,7(2):15-17.
[10]庞小军,王清斌,代黎明,等.渤海海域北部秦南凹陷东南缘古近系断层活动及其对沉积的控制[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(6):1059-1067.Pang Xiaojun,Wang Qingbin,Dai Liming,et al. Paleogene fault activities and their control over sedimentation at southeastern margin of Qinnan Sag,northern Bohai Sea[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(6):1059-1067.
[11]董大伟,李理,刘建,等.冀中坳陷中北部新生代构造演化特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(6):771-780.Dong Dawei,Li Li,Liu Jian,et al. Cenozoic tectonic evolution in the north-central Jizhong Depression[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(6):771-780.
[12]蒋有录,刘培,宋国奇,等.渤海湾盆地新生代晚期断层活动与新近系油气富集关系[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(4):525-533.Jiang Youlu,Liu Pei,Song Guoqi,et al. Late Cenozoic Faulting activities and their influence upon hydrocarbon accumulations in the Neogene in Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(4):525-533.
[13]田崇鲁,李德同,刘铁铨.箕状凹陷演化模式及其研究方法探讨——以冀中坳陷早第三纪凹陷演化为例[J].地质论评,1991,37(2):107-116.Tian Chonglu,Li Detong,Liu Tieqian. The evolutionary model of listric depressions and the method of their study—a case study of the neogen evolution of the central Heibei Downwarp[J]. Geological Review,1991,37(2):107-116.
[14]康洪全,李明刚,贾怀存,等.大型控盆边界正断层活动性评价方法及应用[J].断块油气田,2017,24(3):307-310.Kang Hongquan,Li Minggang,Jia Huaicun,et al. Evaluation method of large boundary normal fault activity and its application[J]. FaultBlock Oil&Gas Field,2017,24(3):307-310.
[15]宋廷光.同沉积逆断层的发育特点及油气聚集条件分析[J].青海地质,1997,6(2):6-13.Song Tingguang. Properties of synsedimentary reverse faults and petroleum accumulation[J]. Geology of Qinghai,1997,6(2):6-13.
[16]于翠玲,曾溅辉.断层幕式活动期和间歇期流体运移与油气成藏特征[J].石油实验地质,2005,27(2):129-133.Yu Cuiling,Zeng Jianhui. Features of fluid migration and hydrocarbon accumulation in the active and intermittent stages of fault episodic activities[J]. Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2005,27(2):129-133.
[17]徐子英,孙珍,彭学超.珠江口盆地白云凹陷反转构造发育特征[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(4):394-400.Xu Ziying,Sun Zhen,Peng Xuechao. Development characteristics of inverted structures in Baiyun Sag in Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015,36(4):394-400.
[18]阳怀忠,任建业,陆金波.东营凹陷负反转构造样式及其运动学特征[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2009,34(3):493-501.Yang Huaizhong,Ren Jianye,Lu Jinbo. Tectonic styles and kinematic characteristics of negative inversion structure in Dongying Depression[J]. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2009,34(3):493-501.
[19]高丽明,何登发,桂宝玲,等.东营凹陷民丰洼陷边界断层三维几何学及运动学特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(5):546-553.Gao Liming,He Dengfa,Gui Baoling,et al. 3D geometrical and kinematic characteristics of boundary faults in Minfeng subsag,Dongying Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(5):546-553.
[20]陈哲龙,柳广弟,卢学军,等.二连盆地反转构造反转程度定量研究及对油气成藏的影响[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(11):4136-4145.Chen Zhelong,Liu Guangdi,Lu Xuejun,et al. Quantitative study on inversion degree of inversion tectonics and its impact on hydrocarbon accumulation in Erlian Basin,Northern China[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2015,46(11):4136-4145.
[21]刘新月,常波涛,孙连浦,等.反转构造的反转程度及其与油气聚集的关系[J].油气地质与采收率,2006,13(2):53-55.Liu Xinyue,Chang Botao,Sun Lianpu et al. Reversal degree of reversal structures and its relation with hydrocarbon accumulation[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2006,13(2):53-55.
[22]宋廷光,于百莲,韩殿杰,等.正反转构造的类型和特点[J].地球科学,1995,20(3):271-275.Song Tingguang,Yu Bailian,Han Dianjie,et al. On classification and characteristics of positive inverted structures[J]. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,1995,20(3):271-275.
[23]付宪弟,马世忠,孙雨,等.松辽盆地南部孤店断层活动性分析及其控藏作用[J].大庆石油学院学报,2010,34(2):21-25.Fu Xiandi,Ma Shizhong,Sun Yu,et al. Analysis of the activity and its role in controlling reservoir accumulation of Gudian fault of southern Songliao Basin[J]. Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2010,34(2):21-25.
[24]李丕龙.陆相断陷盆地缓坡带油气运聚规律研究——以惠民凹陷南坡为例[D].兰州:中国科学院研究生院(兰州地质研究所),2002.Li Pilong. Research on rule of oil-gas migration and accumulation in the gentle slope of terrestrial fault basin-Take an example of south slope of Huiming sag[D]. Lanzhou:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Lanzhou Institute of Geology),2002.
[25]吴智平,李伟,郑德顺,等.沾化凹陷中、新生代断裂发育及其形成机制分析[J].高校地质学报,2004,10(3):405-417.Wu Zhiping,Li Wei,Zheng Deshun,et al. Analysis on features and origins of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic faults in Zhanhua Sag[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities,2004,10(3):405-417.
[2] Cooper M A,Williams G D,Graciansky P C,et al. Inversion tectonics—a discussion[J]. Geological Society,1989,44:335-347.
[3] Williams G D,Powell C M,Cooper M A. Geometry and kinematics of inversion tectonics[J]. Geological Society,1989,44:3-15.
[4]朱起煌.反转构造的运动学分析与形态类型[J].中国海上油气(地质),1994,8(4):244-251.Zhu Qihuang. Kinematic analysis and geometric types of inversion structure[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas(geology),1994,8(4):244-251.
[5]周祖翼.反转构造[J].地质科技情报,1994,13(1):3-11.Zhou Zuyi. Inversion tectonics:progress and Prospects[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,1994,13(1):3-11.
[6]陈昭年,陈发景.反转构造与油气圈闭[J].地学前缘,1995,2(3):96-102.Chen Zhaonian,Chen Fajing. Inversion structures and their relationship to traps of oil and gas[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,1995,2(3):96-102.
[7]汤良杰,金之钧.负反转断裂主反转期和反转强度分析[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1999,23(6):1-5.Tang Liangjie,Jin Zhijun. Analysis on main inversion phase and intensity of negative inversion fault[J]. Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),1999,23(6):1-5.
[8]杨晓利,张自力,孙明,等.同沉积断层控砂模式——以南堡凹陷南部地区Es1段为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(4):526-533.Yang Xiaoli,Zhang Zili,Sun Ming,et al. Models of contemporaneous fault controlling sandstone deposition:a case study of Es1 in southern Nanpu Sag[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(4):526-533.
[9]李勤英,罗凤芝,苗翠芝.断层活动速率研究方法及应用探讨[J].断块油气田,2000,7(2):15-17.Li Qingying,Luo Fengzhi,Miao Cuizhi. Research on fault activity ratio and its application[J]. Fault-Block Oil&Gas field,2000,7(2):15-17.
[10]庞小军,王清斌,代黎明,等.渤海海域北部秦南凹陷东南缘古近系断层活动及其对沉积的控制[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(6):1059-1067.Pang Xiaojun,Wang Qingbin,Dai Liming,et al. Paleogene fault activities and their control over sedimentation at southeastern margin of Qinnan Sag,northern Bohai Sea[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(6):1059-1067.
[11]董大伟,李理,刘建,等.冀中坳陷中北部新生代构造演化特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(6):771-780.Dong Dawei,Li Li,Liu Jian,et al. Cenozoic tectonic evolution in the north-central Jizhong Depression[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(6):771-780.
[12]蒋有录,刘培,宋国奇,等.渤海湾盆地新生代晚期断层活动与新近系油气富集关系[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(4):525-533.Jiang Youlu,Liu Pei,Song Guoqi,et al. Late Cenozoic Faulting activities and their influence upon hydrocarbon accumulations in the Neogene in Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(4):525-533.
[13]田崇鲁,李德同,刘铁铨.箕状凹陷演化模式及其研究方法探讨——以冀中坳陷早第三纪凹陷演化为例[J].地质论评,1991,37(2):107-116.Tian Chonglu,Li Detong,Liu Tieqian. The evolutionary model of listric depressions and the method of their study—a case study of the neogen evolution of the central Heibei Downwarp[J]. Geological Review,1991,37(2):107-116.
[14]康洪全,李明刚,贾怀存,等.大型控盆边界正断层活动性评价方法及应用[J].断块油气田,2017,24(3):307-310.Kang Hongquan,Li Minggang,Jia Huaicun,et al. Evaluation method of large boundary normal fault activity and its application[J]. FaultBlock Oil&Gas Field,2017,24(3):307-310.
[15]宋廷光.同沉积逆断层的发育特点及油气聚集条件分析[J].青海地质,1997,6(2):6-13.Song Tingguang. Properties of synsedimentary reverse faults and petroleum accumulation[J]. Geology of Qinghai,1997,6(2):6-13.
[16]于翠玲,曾溅辉.断层幕式活动期和间歇期流体运移与油气成藏特征[J].石油实验地质,2005,27(2):129-133.Yu Cuiling,Zeng Jianhui. Features of fluid migration and hydrocarbon accumulation in the active and intermittent stages of fault episodic activities[J]. Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2005,27(2):129-133.
[17]徐子英,孙珍,彭学超.珠江口盆地白云凹陷反转构造发育特征[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(4):394-400.Xu Ziying,Sun Zhen,Peng Xuechao. Development characteristics of inverted structures in Baiyun Sag in Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015,36(4):394-400.
[18]阳怀忠,任建业,陆金波.东营凹陷负反转构造样式及其运动学特征[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2009,34(3):493-501.Yang Huaizhong,Ren Jianye,Lu Jinbo. Tectonic styles and kinematic characteristics of negative inversion structure in Dongying Depression[J]. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2009,34(3):493-501.
[19]高丽明,何登发,桂宝玲,等.东营凹陷民丰洼陷边界断层三维几何学及运动学特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(5):546-553.Gao Liming,He Dengfa,Gui Baoling,et al. 3D geometrical and kinematic characteristics of boundary faults in Minfeng subsag,Dongying Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(5):546-553.
[20]陈哲龙,柳广弟,卢学军,等.二连盆地反转构造反转程度定量研究及对油气成藏的影响[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(11):4136-4145.Chen Zhelong,Liu Guangdi,Lu Xuejun,et al. Quantitative study on inversion degree of inversion tectonics and its impact on hydrocarbon accumulation in Erlian Basin,Northern China[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2015,46(11):4136-4145.
[21]刘新月,常波涛,孙连浦,等.反转构造的反转程度及其与油气聚集的关系[J].油气地质与采收率,2006,13(2):53-55.Liu Xinyue,Chang Botao,Sun Lianpu et al. Reversal degree of reversal structures and its relation with hydrocarbon accumulation[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2006,13(2):53-55.
[22]宋廷光,于百莲,韩殿杰,等.正反转构造的类型和特点[J].地球科学,1995,20(3):271-275.Song Tingguang,Yu Bailian,Han Dianjie,et al. On classification and characteristics of positive inverted structures[J]. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,1995,20(3):271-275.
[23]付宪弟,马世忠,孙雨,等.松辽盆地南部孤店断层活动性分析及其控藏作用[J].大庆石油学院学报,2010,34(2):21-25.Fu Xiandi,Ma Shizhong,Sun Yu,et al. Analysis of the activity and its role in controlling reservoir accumulation of Gudian fault of southern Songliao Basin[J]. Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2010,34(2):21-25.
[24]李丕龙.陆相断陷盆地缓坡带油气运聚规律研究——以惠民凹陷南坡为例[D].兰州:中国科学院研究生院(兰州地质研究所),2002.Li Pilong. Research on rule of oil-gas migration and accumulation in the gentle slope of terrestrial fault basin-Take an example of south slope of Huiming sag[D]. Lanzhou:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Lanzhou Institute of Geology),2002.
[25]吴智平,李伟,郑德顺,等.沾化凹陷中、新生代断裂发育及其形成机制分析[J].高校地质学报,2004,10(3):405-417.Wu Zhiping,Li Wei,Zheng Deshun,et al. Analysis on features and origins of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic faults in Zhanhua Sag[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities,2004,10(3):405-417.