豫西黑猪与确山黑猪体尺指标、屠宰性能、肉品质及血液指标比较分析
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摘要
为了解豫西黑猪屠宰性能、肉品质等遗传性状,以及与河南地方猪确山黑猪间的差异,本研究挑选相同条件下健康的豫西黑猪(120.28 kg±6.96 kg)和确山黑猪(117.80 kg±8.76 kg)各8头,按相关规定开展体尺指标、屠宰性能、肉品质及血液指标测定,即对豫西黑猪与确山黑猪体尺指标(体高、体长、胸围、管围等)、屠宰性能(胴体重、胴体长、皮率、骨率、屠宰率等)、肉品质(肉色、大理石纹、pH、肌内脂肪、粗灰分等)、血液指标(白细胞数、红细胞数、血小板数、血小板压积等)及两种猪肌肉氨基酸含量进行了测定。结果表明,豫西黑猪体长、胴体长、皮率和头重均显著低于确山黑猪(P<0.05),背膘厚、瘦肉率、脾脏重、心脏重和眼肌面积均极显著或显著高于确山黑猪(P<0.01;P<0.05)。在肉品质方面,豫西黑猪大理石纹评分、pH_(45 min)、pH_(24 h)、粗蛋白质及粗灰分含量均显著或极显著低于确山黑猪(P<0.05;P<0.01),但水分和磷含量均显著或极显著高于确山黑猪(P<0.05;P<0.01)。在血液指标方面,豫西黑猪血小板数目和血小板压积均极显著低于确山黑猪(P<0.01),但其他指标与确山黑猪无明显差异(P>0.05)。豫西黑猪精氨酸、缬氨酸和组氨酸含量均显著或极显著高于确山黑猪(P<0.05;P<0.01),甘氨酸含量极显著低于确山黑猪(P<0.01)。综上所述,豫西黑猪和确山黑猪在体尺指标、肉品质及血液指标方面均无明显差异,在屠宰性能方面豫西黑猪稍优于确山黑猪,均可为消费者提供品质优良的猪肉。
To understand the slaughter performance and meat quality of Yuxi Black pigs,and compare these indexes with Henan indigenous Queshan Black pigs,eight Yuxi Black pigs(120.28 kg±6.96 kg) and eight Queshan Black pigs(117.80 kg±8.76 kg) under the same conditions were randomly selected to investigate the body size indexes,slaughter performance,meat quality and blood indicators according to related rules.The body size indexes(body height,body length,chest circumference and cannon circumference,etc.),slaughter performance(carcass weight,carcass length,skin rate,bone rate and slaughter rate,etc.),meat quality(meat color,marbling score,pH,intramuscular fat and crude ash,etc.),blood indicators(white blood cell count(WBC),red blood cell number(RBC),platelet number(PLT) and thrombocytocrit(PCT),etc.) and the amino acids content in muscle between Yuxi Black pigs and Queshan Black pigs were analyzed.The results showed that the body length,carcass length,skin rate and head weight of Yuxi Black pigs were significantly lower than that of Queshan Black pigs(P<0.05),whereas the backfat thickness,lean meat rate,spleen weight,heart weight and lion eye area of Yuxi Black pigs were extremely significantly or significantly higher than that of Queshan Black pigs(P<0.01;P<0.05).For the meat quality,the marbling score,pH_(45 min),pH_(24 h),and the contents of crude protein and crude ash of Yuxi Black pigs were significantly or extremely significantly lower than that of Queshan Black pigs(P<0.05;P<0.01),while the contents of moisture and phosphorus were significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of Queshan Black pigs(P<0.05;P<0.01).For the blood indicators,the PLT and PCT of Yuxi Black pigs were extremely significantly lower than that of Queshan Black pigs(P<0.01),but there was no significant difference of other blood indicators between Yuxi Black pigs and Queshan Black pigs(P>0.05).The contents of Arg,Val and His in Yuxi Black pigs were significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of Queshan Black pigs(P<0.05;P<0.01),and the content of Gly was extremely significantly lower than that of Queshan Black pigs(P<0.01).In conclusion,there was no significant difference in body size indexes,meat quality and blood indicators between Yuxi Black pigs and Queshan Black pigs,the slaughter performance of Yuxi Black pigs was slightly better than Queshan Black pigs,both of which could provide consumers with quality pork.
To understand the slaughter performance and meat quality of Yuxi Black pigs,and compare these indexes with Henan indigenous Queshan Black pigs,eight Yuxi Black pigs(120.28 kg±6.96 kg) and eight Queshan Black pigs(117.80 kg±8.76 kg) under the same conditions were randomly selected to investigate the body size indexes,slaughter performance,meat quality and blood indicators according to related rules.The body size indexes(body height,body length,chest circumference and cannon circumference,etc.),slaughter performance(carcass weight,carcass length,skin rate,bone rate and slaughter rate,etc.),meat quality(meat color,marbling score,pH,intramuscular fat and crude ash,etc.),blood indicators(white blood cell count(WBC),red blood cell number(RBC),platelet number(PLT) and thrombocytocrit(PCT),etc.) and the amino acids content in muscle between Yuxi Black pigs and Queshan Black pigs were analyzed.The results showed that the body length,carcass length,skin rate and head weight of Yuxi Black pigs were significantly lower than that of Queshan Black pigs(P<0.05),whereas the backfat thickness,lean meat rate,spleen weight,heart weight and lion eye area of Yuxi Black pigs were extremely significantly or significantly higher than that of Queshan Black pigs(P<0.01;P<0.05).For the meat quality,the marbling score,pH_(45 min),pH_(24 h),and the contents of crude protein and crude ash of Yuxi Black pigs were significantly or extremely significantly lower than that of Queshan Black pigs(P<0.05;P<0.01),while the contents of moisture and phosphorus were significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of Queshan Black pigs(P<0.05;P<0.01).For the blood indicators,the PLT and PCT of Yuxi Black pigs were extremely significantly lower than that of Queshan Black pigs(P<0.01),but there was no significant difference of other blood indicators between Yuxi Black pigs and Queshan Black pigs(P>0.05).The contents of Arg,Val and His in Yuxi Black pigs were significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of Queshan Black pigs(P<0.05;P<0.01),and the content of Gly was extremely significantly lower than that of Queshan Black pigs(P<0.01).In conclusion,there was no significant difference in body size indexes,meat quality and blood indicators between Yuxi Black pigs and Queshan Black pigs,the slaughter performance of Yuxi Black pigs was slightly better than Queshan Black pigs,both of which could provide consumers with quality pork.
引文
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[9] 李文通,刘颖,周荣,等.江泉黑猪与杜长大三元杂交猪屠宰性能及肉质性状比较分析[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(7):2057-2064.LI W T,LIU Y,ZHOU R,et al.A comparative study on the carcass and meat quality traits of Jiangquan Black pig and DLY pig[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(7):2057-2064.(in Chinese)
[10] 梁国明,彭中镇,刘榜,等.长×大×通、大×长×通杂交猪及其亲本的生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质比较研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(4):1009-1015.LIANG G M,PENG Z Z,LIU B,et al.Study on comparing growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality among Landrace×Yorkshire×Tongcheng,Yorkshire×Landrace×Tongcheng hybrid pigs and their parental line[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(4):1009-1015.(in Chinese)
[11] 任广志,李新建,李孝法,等.豫南黑猪及其杂种肥育猪生长性能和肉质性状的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2008,44(21):4-6.REN G Z,LI X J,LI X F,et al.Growth performance and meat character of Yunan Black pig and its hybrid fattening pig [J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2008,44(21):4-6.(in Chinese)
[12] KIM D H,SEONG P N,CHO S H,et al.Fatty acid composition and meat quality traits of organically reared Korean native Black pigs[J].Livestock Science,2009,120(1-2):96-102.
[13] KRIETER J,THOLEN E.Selection for meat quality within pure bred lines in swine——A study[J].Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding,2001,44(5):531-546.
[14] 门小明,邓波,徐子伟,等.两种杂交商品猪冷却肉常规养分含量、蛋白质溶解性及脂肪酸组成的比较[J].食品工业科技,2012,33(17):361-364.MEN X M,DENG B,XU Z W,et al.Comparison of conventional nutrient contents,protein solubility and fatty acid composition in chilled pork between Chinese native crossbred pigs and foreign crossbred pigs [J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2012,33(17):361-364.(in Chinese)
[15] MATOU?EK V,KERNEROVá N,HY?PLEROVá K,et al.Carcass traits and meat quality of Prestice Black-Pied pig breed[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2016,29(8):1181-1187.
[16] BUTKO D,SEN,et al.Pork carcass composition and the meat quality of the Black Slavonian pig——The endangered breeds in the indoor and outdoor keeping system[J].Poljoprivreda,2007,13(1):167-171.
[17] HWANG I H,PARK B Y,CHO S H,et al.Identification of muscle proteins related to objective meat quality in Korean native Black pig[J].Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2004,17(11):1599-1607.
[18] 易恒洁,李辉,赵忠海,等.高坡猪肌肉生长抑制素基因多态性及其与肉质性状的相关性分析[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(4):1102-1107.YI H J,LI H,ZHAO Z H,et al.The polymorphisms of MSTN gene and its relationship with meat quanlity traits in Gaopo pig[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(4):1102-1107.(in Chinese)
[19] KAROLYI D,SALAJPAL K,SINJERI ?,et al.Meat quality,blood stress indicators and trimmed cut yield comparison of Black Slavonian pig with modern pigs in the production of Slavonian Kulen[J].Acta Agriculturae Slovenica,2004,1:67-72.
[20] 顾为望,刘运忠,唐小江,等.西藏小型猪血液生理生化指标的初步研究[J].中国实验动物学报,2007,15(1):60-63.GU W W,LIU Y Z,TANG X J,et al.Characterization of blood physiological and biochemical parameters in Tibet Mini-pig[J].Acta Laboratorium Animalis Scientia Sinica,2007,15(1):60-63.(in Chinese)
[21] 邱金海.莆田黑猪血液生理生化指标测定[J].山地农业生物学报,2009,28(4):317-323.QIU J H.Determination of blood physiological and biochemical indexes in Putian Black pig[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,2009,28(4):317-323.(in Chinese)
[22] 闵凡贵,王希龙,袁文,等.封闭群五指山小型猪血液生理生化指标的测定[J].中国实验动物学报,2008,16(5):372-375.MIN F G,WANG X L,YUAN W,et al.Determination of some blood physiological and biochemical parameters in Wuzhishan Mini-pigs of closed colony[J].Acta Laboratorium Animalis Scientia Sinica,2008,16(5):372-375.(in Chinese)
[23] 郭晓宇,冯小明,陆璐,等.不同海拔地区两种小型猪血液生理生化指标比较[J].中国畜牧兽医,2015,42(6):1490-1494.GUO X Y,FENG X M,LU L,et al.Comparison of blood physiological and biochemical parameters of two kinds of Minipigs in different altitudes[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2015,42(6):1490-1494.(in Chinese)
[24] 白小青,张凤鸣,张亮,等.成年荣昌猪血液生理生化及免疫指标特性研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(19):9-13.BAI X Q,ZHANG F M,ZHANG L,et al.Study on blood physiological,biochemical and immune parameters in adult Rongchang pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2015,51(19):9-13.(in Chinese)
[2] LIU X,XIONG X,YANG J,et al.Genome-wide association analyses for meat quality traits in Chinese Erhualian pigs and a Western Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire) commercial population[J].Genetics Selection Evolution,2015,47(1):44.
[3] 杨杰,周李生,刘先先,等.莱芜猪与杜长大三元杂交猪肉质性状种质资源比较研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2014,45(11):1752-1759.YANG J,ZHOU L S,LIU X X,et al.A comparative study of meat quality traits between Laiwu and DLY pigs[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2014,45(11):1752-1759.(in Chinese)
[4] BOCIAN M,WOJTYSIAK D,JANKOWIAK H,et al.Carcass,meat quality and histochemical traits of m.longissimus lumborum from Zlotnicka Spotted pigs and commercial pigs[J].Folia Biologica,2012,60(3-4):181.
[5] 叶建伟,乔瑞敏,韩雪蕾,等.确山黑猪及其杂交后代屠宰性能分析[J].家畜生态学报,2018,39(4):38-42.YEI J W,QIAO R M,HAN X L,et al.Study and analysis on slaughter performance of Queshan Black pig and its hybrid[J].Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology,2018,39(4):38-42.(in Chinese)
[6] 孟庆利,刘志宏.不同品种的后备猪体尺指标的研究[J].养猪,2017,2(18):72.MENG Q L,LIU Z H.Study on the indexes of reserve pig size of different breeds[J].Swine Production,2017,2(18):72.(in Chinese)
[7] 谢宝财.性别对关中黑猪生长性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.XIE B C.Effects of sex on growth performance,carcass and meat quality of Black pigs in Guanzhong[D].Yangling:Northwest A & F University,2017.(in Chinese)
[8] 汪涵,李平华,许世勇,等.部分地方品种猪体尺、胴体及肉质性状分析[J].国外畜牧学(猪与禽),2014,34(7):63-66.WANG H,LI P H,XU S Y,et al.Analysis of pig body size,carcass and meat traits in some local species[J].Animal Science Abroad (Pigs and Poultry),2014,34(7):63-66.(in Chinese)
[9] 李文通,刘颖,周荣,等.江泉黑猪与杜长大三元杂交猪屠宰性能及肉质性状比较分析[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(7):2057-2064.LI W T,LIU Y,ZHOU R,et al.A comparative study on the carcass and meat quality traits of Jiangquan Black pig and DLY pig[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(7):2057-2064.(in Chinese)
[10] 梁国明,彭中镇,刘榜,等.长×大×通、大×长×通杂交猪及其亲本的生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质比较研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(4):1009-1015.LIANG G M,PENG Z Z,LIU B,et al.Study on comparing growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality among Landrace×Yorkshire×Tongcheng,Yorkshire×Landrace×Tongcheng hybrid pigs and their parental line[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(4):1009-1015.(in Chinese)
[11] 任广志,李新建,李孝法,等.豫南黑猪及其杂种肥育猪生长性能和肉质性状的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2008,44(21):4-6.REN G Z,LI X J,LI X F,et al.Growth performance and meat character of Yunan Black pig and its hybrid fattening pig [J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2008,44(21):4-6.(in Chinese)
[12] KIM D H,SEONG P N,CHO S H,et al.Fatty acid composition and meat quality traits of organically reared Korean native Black pigs[J].Livestock Science,2009,120(1-2):96-102.
[13] KRIETER J,THOLEN E.Selection for meat quality within pure bred lines in swine——A study[J].Archiv Fur Tierzucht-Archives of Animal Breeding,2001,44(5):531-546.
[14] 门小明,邓波,徐子伟,等.两种杂交商品猪冷却肉常规养分含量、蛋白质溶解性及脂肪酸组成的比较[J].食品工业科技,2012,33(17):361-364.MEN X M,DENG B,XU Z W,et al.Comparison of conventional nutrient contents,protein solubility and fatty acid composition in chilled pork between Chinese native crossbred pigs and foreign crossbred pigs [J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2012,33(17):361-364.(in Chinese)
[15] MATOU?EK V,KERNEROVá N,HY?PLEROVá K,et al.Carcass traits and meat quality of Prestice Black-Pied pig breed[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2016,29(8):1181-1187.
[16] BUTKO D,SEN,et al.Pork carcass composition and the meat quality of the Black Slavonian pig——The endangered breeds in the indoor and outdoor keeping system[J].Poljoprivreda,2007,13(1):167-171.
[17] HWANG I H,PARK B Y,CHO S H,et al.Identification of muscle proteins related to objective meat quality in Korean native Black pig[J].Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2004,17(11):1599-1607.
[18] 易恒洁,李辉,赵忠海,等.高坡猪肌肉生长抑制素基因多态性及其与肉质性状的相关性分析[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(4):1102-1107.YI H J,LI H,ZHAO Z H,et al.The polymorphisms of MSTN gene and its relationship with meat quanlity traits in Gaopo pig[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(4):1102-1107.(in Chinese)
[19] KAROLYI D,SALAJPAL K,SINJERI ?,et al.Meat quality,blood stress indicators and trimmed cut yield comparison of Black Slavonian pig with modern pigs in the production of Slavonian Kulen[J].Acta Agriculturae Slovenica,2004,1:67-72.
[20] 顾为望,刘运忠,唐小江,等.西藏小型猪血液生理生化指标的初步研究[J].中国实验动物学报,2007,15(1):60-63.GU W W,LIU Y Z,TANG X J,et al.Characterization of blood physiological and biochemical parameters in Tibet Mini-pig[J].Acta Laboratorium Animalis Scientia Sinica,2007,15(1):60-63.(in Chinese)
[21] 邱金海.莆田黑猪血液生理生化指标测定[J].山地农业生物学报,2009,28(4):317-323.QIU J H.Determination of blood physiological and biochemical indexes in Putian Black pig[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,2009,28(4):317-323.(in Chinese)
[22] 闵凡贵,王希龙,袁文,等.封闭群五指山小型猪血液生理生化指标的测定[J].中国实验动物学报,2008,16(5):372-375.MIN F G,WANG X L,YUAN W,et al.Determination of some blood physiological and biochemical parameters in Wuzhishan Mini-pigs of closed colony[J].Acta Laboratorium Animalis Scientia Sinica,2008,16(5):372-375.(in Chinese)
[23] 郭晓宇,冯小明,陆璐,等.不同海拔地区两种小型猪血液生理生化指标比较[J].中国畜牧兽医,2015,42(6):1490-1494.GUO X Y,FENG X M,LU L,et al.Comparison of blood physiological and biochemical parameters of two kinds of Minipigs in different altitudes[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2015,42(6):1490-1494.(in Chinese)
[24] 白小青,张凤鸣,张亮,等.成年荣昌猪血液生理生化及免疫指标特性研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(19):9-13.BAI X Q,ZHANG F M,ZHANG L,et al.Study on blood physiological,biochemical and immune parameters in adult Rongchang pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2015,51(19):9-13.(in Chinese)