鄂尔多斯盆地中东部盐下储层预测关键技术
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系膏盐岩下发育白云岩储层,由于储层薄,非均质性强,与围岩阻抗差异小,致使利用地震方法预测储层难度较大。为此,结合前人的研究成果,在奥陶系碳酸盐岩内幕高精度成像资料的基础上,形成了模型正演、岩石物理建模、基于敏感参数的叠前弹性参数反演、含气性检测等针对性储层预测关键技术,在储层预测和井位部署中获得了较好的效果,获得以下认识:①盐下有利储层的地震反射特征为弱复波反射;②选取Brie指数等于2时的Brie方程计算研究区混合流体的体积模量,能较好地表征盐下储层弹性参数与含气性的关系,可用于岩石物理建模和横波预测;③气层的泊松比小于0.27,它与纵波阻抗交会可以较好地圈定有效储层,流体活动性属性的高频"小负异常"指示含气储层。
Dolomite gas reservoirs were well developed under gypsum and salt rocks in the Ordovician Majiagou Formation,the central and east of Ordos Basin,However,it is very difficult to predict this kind of gas reservoirs because they are characterized by thin beds,strong heterogeneity,laterally rapid change,andlittle impedance difference with surrounding rocks.Therefore,based on high-precision internal imaging in the Ordovician carbonate rocks,a series of key techniques are used to predict dolomite gas reservoirs,such as seismic forward modeling,rock physical modeling,and prestack inversion of sensitive elastic parameters.Good results have been achieved in the reservoir prediction and the well deployment.The following understandings are obtained:①Favorable subsalt reservoirs show weak complex wave;②Brie equation(e=2)can be used to calculate the bulk modulus of mixed fluids,and can also be used for rock physical modeling and shear wave prediction because it characterizes the relationship between elastic parameters and the gas-bearing property of subsalt reservoirs;③If the Poisson ratio of gas-bearing beds is less than 0.27,gas reservoirs can be delineated by crossplots of the Poisson ratio with p-wave impedance,and"small negative anomaly"of high frequency of fluid mobility indicates gas-bearing reservoirs.
Dolomite gas reservoirs were well developed under gypsum and salt rocks in the Ordovician Majiagou Formation,the central and east of Ordos Basin,However,it is very difficult to predict this kind of gas reservoirs because they are characterized by thin beds,strong heterogeneity,laterally rapid change,andlittle impedance difference with surrounding rocks.Therefore,based on high-precision internal imaging in the Ordovician carbonate rocks,a series of key techniques are used to predict dolomite gas reservoirs,such as seismic forward modeling,rock physical modeling,and prestack inversion of sensitive elastic parameters.Good results have been achieved in the reservoir prediction and the well deployment.The following understandings are obtained:①Favorable subsalt reservoirs show weak complex wave;②Brie equation(e=2)can be used to calculate the bulk modulus of mixed fluids,and can also be used for rock physical modeling and shear wave prediction because it characterizes the relationship between elastic parameters and the gas-bearing property of subsalt reservoirs;③If the Poisson ratio of gas-bearing beds is less than 0.27,gas reservoirs can be delineated by crossplots of the Poisson ratio with p-wave impedance,and"small negative anomaly"of high frequency of fluid mobility indicates gas-bearing reservoirs.
引文
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[9] 王大兴,张盟勃,杨文敬等.黄土塬区致密油储集层模型地震正反演模拟.石油勘探与开发,2017,44(2):1-9.Wang Daxing,Zhang Mengbo,Yang Wenjing et al.Seismic forward and inverse simulation in a tight oil reservoir model of loess plateau region.Petroluem Exploration and Development,2017,44(2):1-9.
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[11] 王永刚,王大兴,刘峰.岩石物理模型分析在致密砂岩含气储层预测中的应用.2015年物探技术研讨会,2015,528-532.
[12] 刘雅杰,李生杰,王永刚等.横波预测技术在苏里格气田储层预测中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(1):165-172.Liu Yajie,Li Shengjie,Wang Yonggang et al.Reservoir prediction based on shear wave in Sulige Gas Field.OGP,2016,51(1):165-172.
[13] Domenico S N.Effect of brine-gas mixture on velocity in an unconsolidated sand reservoir.Geophysics,1976,41(5):882-894.
[14] 张金强,马中高,曲寿利等.碳酸盐岩储层流体替换中混相流体体积模量的计算.石油物探,2012,51(2):133-137.Zhang Jinqiang,Ma Zhonggao,Qu Shouli et al.Calculation of bulk modulus for mixed-phase fluid in fluid substitution for carbonate reservoir.GPP,2012,51(2):133-137.
[15] Brie A,Pampuri F,Meazza A F et al.Shear sonic interpretation in gas-bearing sands.Proceedings of SPE Annual Technical Conference & Exhibition,1995,701-710.
[16] 王大兴.致密砂岩气储层的岩石物理模型研究.地球物理学报,2016,59(12):4603-4622.Wang Daxing.Study on the rock physics model of gas reservoir in tight sandstone.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(12):4603-4622.
[17] 乔中林,杜林筠.约束稀疏脉冲波阻抗正反演参数研究.海洋地质前沿,2016,32(8):52-58.Qiao Zhonglin,Du Linjun.Research on impedance forward and inversion parameters of constrained sparse spike method.Marine Geology Frontiers,2016,32(8):52-58.
[18] 李建华,刘百红,张延庆等.叠前AVO反演在储层含油气性预测中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(6):1180-1186.Li Jianhua,Liu Baihong,Zhang Yanqing et al.Oil-bearing reservoir prediction with prestack AVO inversion.OGP,2016,51(6):1180-1186.
[19] 王霞,汪关妹,刘东琴等.地震体属性分析技术及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(增刊1):45-49.Wang Xia,Wang Guanmei,Liu Dongqin et al.Analysis of seismic volume attributes and their application.OGP,2012,47(S1):45-49.
[20] 代双和,陈志刚,于京波等.流体活动性属性技术在KG油田储集层描述中的应用.石油勘探与开发,2010,37(5):573-578.Dai Shuanghe,Chen Zhigang,Yu Jingbo et al.Application of the fluid mobility attribute technique in the reservoir characterization of KG Oilfield,Algeria.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(5):573-578.
[2] 姚泾利,王程程,陈娟萍等.鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组盐下碳酸盐岩烃源岩分布特征.天然气地球科学,2016,27(12):2115-2126.Yao Jingli,Wang Chengcheng,Chen Juanping et al.Distribution characters of sub-salt carbonate source rocks in Majiagou Formation,Ordos Basin.Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(12):2115-2126.
[3] 包洪平,杨帆,蔡郑红等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系白云岩成因及白云岩储层发育特征.天然气工业,2014,37(1):37-45.Bao Hongping,Yang Fan,Cai Zhenghong et al.Origin and reservoir characteristics of Ordovician dolomite in the Ordos Basin.Natural Gas Industry,2014,37(1):37-45.
[4] 李天荪,严慧中,张英山.关于膏岩的岩性组合与地震响应关系的探讨与应用:中国石油石化工程技术和物装手册(第二分册),2003,35-37.
[5] 李凌高,甘利灯,杜文辉等.叠前地震反演在苏里格气田储层识别和含气性检测中的应用.天然气地球科学,2008,19(2):261-265.Li Linggao,Gan Lideng,Du Wenhui et al.Pre-stack seismic inversion applied to reservoir prediction and natural gas detection in SLG Gas Field.Natural Gas Geoscience,2008,19(2):261-265.
[6] 窦玉坛,王大兴,刘化清等.SLG地区致密砂岩储层叠前含气性检测的几项关键技术.SPG/SEG北京2016国际地球物理会议,2016,360-363.
[7] 姚振岸,孙成禹,唐杰等.基于不同震源机制的黏弹性各向异性微地震波场模拟.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):63-70.Yao Zhen’an,Sun Chengyu,Tang Jie et al.Micro-seismic forward modeling in viscoelastic anisotropic media based on different focal mechanisms.OGP,2017,52(1):63-70.
[8] 黄芸,梅玲,关键等.模型正演技术在准噶尔盆地东部地震解释中的应用.新疆石油地质,2012,33(5):554-556,604.Huang Yun,Mei Ling,Guan Jian et al.Application of first break fitting static corretion method to Dushanzi Area in easten margin of Junggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2012,33(5):554-556,604.
[9] 王大兴,张盟勃,杨文敬等.黄土塬区致密油储集层模型地震正反演模拟.石油勘探与开发,2017,44(2):1-9.Wang Daxing,Zhang Mengbo,Yang Wenjing et al.Seismic forward and inverse simulation in a tight oil reservoir model of loess plateau region.Petroluem Exploration and Development,2017,44(2):1-9.
[10] 陈娟,胡剑,王永刚等.鄂尔多斯盆地黄土塬区地震资料处理方法及应用.石油天然气学报,2012,34(5):65-68.Chen Juan,Hu Jian,Wang Yonggang et al.Seismic data processing methods and its application in loess tableland area of Ordos Basin.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2012,34(5):65-68.
[11] 王永刚,王大兴,刘峰.岩石物理模型分析在致密砂岩含气储层预测中的应用.2015年物探技术研讨会,2015,528-532.
[12] 刘雅杰,李生杰,王永刚等.横波预测技术在苏里格气田储层预测中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(1):165-172.Liu Yajie,Li Shengjie,Wang Yonggang et al.Reservoir prediction based on shear wave in Sulige Gas Field.OGP,2016,51(1):165-172.
[13] Domenico S N.Effect of brine-gas mixture on velocity in an unconsolidated sand reservoir.Geophysics,1976,41(5):882-894.
[14] 张金强,马中高,曲寿利等.碳酸盐岩储层流体替换中混相流体体积模量的计算.石油物探,2012,51(2):133-137.Zhang Jinqiang,Ma Zhonggao,Qu Shouli et al.Calculation of bulk modulus for mixed-phase fluid in fluid substitution for carbonate reservoir.GPP,2012,51(2):133-137.
[15] Brie A,Pampuri F,Meazza A F et al.Shear sonic interpretation in gas-bearing sands.Proceedings of SPE Annual Technical Conference & Exhibition,1995,701-710.
[16] 王大兴.致密砂岩气储层的岩石物理模型研究.地球物理学报,2016,59(12):4603-4622.Wang Daxing.Study on the rock physics model of gas reservoir in tight sandstone.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(12):4603-4622.
[17] 乔中林,杜林筠.约束稀疏脉冲波阻抗正反演参数研究.海洋地质前沿,2016,32(8):52-58.Qiao Zhonglin,Du Linjun.Research on impedance forward and inversion parameters of constrained sparse spike method.Marine Geology Frontiers,2016,32(8):52-58.
[18] 李建华,刘百红,张延庆等.叠前AVO反演在储层含油气性预测中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(6):1180-1186.Li Jianhua,Liu Baihong,Zhang Yanqing et al.Oil-bearing reservoir prediction with prestack AVO inversion.OGP,2016,51(6):1180-1186.
[19] 王霞,汪关妹,刘东琴等.地震体属性分析技术及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(增刊1):45-49.Wang Xia,Wang Guanmei,Liu Dongqin et al.Analysis of seismic volume attributes and their application.OGP,2012,47(S1):45-49.
[20] 代双和,陈志刚,于京波等.流体活动性属性技术在KG油田储集层描述中的应用.石油勘探与开发,2010,37(5):573-578.Dai Shuanghe,Chen Zhigang,Yu Jingbo et al.Application of the fluid mobility attribute technique in the reservoir characterization of KG Oilfield,Algeria.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(5):573-578.