温度和盐度胁迫下虹鳟和硬头鳟抗应激能力的比较
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摘要
为了查明虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)和硬头鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)海上养殖抗应激能力的差异,本研究将虹鳟((52.14±7.22)g)和硬头鳟((54.38±6.32)g)幼鱼的环境介质从水温16℃、盐度30突降至温度(13、10和7℃)和盐度(27、24、21)的不同组合环境,在突变前(0h)和突变后2、6、12、24和48h采集幼鱼血清样品,分析其抗氧化酶活力、丙二醛(MDA)和皮质醇(COR)含量,比较虹鳟和硬头鳟应对温度、盐度胁迫时的抗应激能力。研究发现:胁迫开始后,虹鳟和硬头鳟幼鱼血清中抗氧化酶活力和MDA含量均呈现先上升后下降的趋势;在胁迫24h后,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力和MDA含量出现了回升;虹鳟血清COR含量始终上升,而硬头鳟血清COR含量到在胁迫后期开始下降。上述指标在胁迫过程中均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),表明温度、盐度突变48h后虹鳟和硬头鳟幼鱼仍处于应激状态。温度和盐度的交互作用多出现在胁迫12h内,对虹鳟上述指标的影响明显(P<0.05),对硬头鳟的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、CAT、GSH-PX、COR影响明显(P<0.05);且硬头鳟血清CAT和GSH-PX活性显著高于虹鳟(P<0.05),MDA和COR含量则显著低于虹鳟(P<0.05)。而在温度、盐度无显著交互影响时,温度效应较盐度更加明显。本实验结果初步表明:海上养殖遭遇台风暴雨天气时,硬头鳟抗应激能力强于虹鳟。
In order to find out the difference in anti-emergency ability of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)and steelhead trout(O.mykiss)farmed in sea water,rainbow trout((52.14±7.22)g)and steelhead trout((54.38±6.32)g)juveniles were suddenly shifted from 16℃and salinity 30 to different combinations of temperatures(13℃,10℃,7℃)and salinities(27,24,21)with the serum collected before shifting(0 h)and at 2 h,6 h,12 h,24 hand 48 hafter shifting.The antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)and cortisol(COR)contents were measured and used to compare the anti-emergency ability of rainbow trout and steelhead trout under temperature and salinity acute stressing.We found that the activities of antioxidant enzymes and MDA content of rainbow trout and steelhead trout increased first and then decreased upon being stressed,and after 24 hours of stressing,the activities of catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxide(GSH-PX)and MDA content in serum started to return to the normal.In addition,the serum COR content of rainbow trout consistently increased whereas that of steelhead trout began to decline at the late phase of stressing.All these parameters of stressed fish individuals were significantly higher than those of the control(P<0.05),indicating that rainbow trout and steelhead trout were always under stressing.The interaction of temperature and salinity occurred mostly within 12 hours of stressing.The parameters measured of rainbow trout were significantly affected(P<0.05)while the the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),CAT and GSH-PX and COR content of steelhead trout changed significantly(P<0.05).Besides,the serum CAT and GSH-PX activities of steelhead trout were significantly higher than those of rainbow trout(P<0.05),and its contents of MDA and COR were significantly lower than those of rainbow trout(P<0.05).The temperature effect was more pronounced than salinity when the interactions between temperature and salinity were not significant.Therefore,the anti-emergency ability of steelhead trout is relatively stronger than that of rainbow trout under our experimental conditions.
In order to find out the difference in anti-emergency ability of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)and steelhead trout(O.mykiss)farmed in sea water,rainbow trout((52.14±7.22)g)and steelhead trout((54.38±6.32)g)juveniles were suddenly shifted from 16℃and salinity 30 to different combinations of temperatures(13℃,10℃,7℃)and salinities(27,24,21)with the serum collected before shifting(0 h)and at 2 h,6 h,12 h,24 hand 48 hafter shifting.The antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)and cortisol(COR)contents were measured and used to compare the anti-emergency ability of rainbow trout and steelhead trout under temperature and salinity acute stressing.We found that the activities of antioxidant enzymes and MDA content of rainbow trout and steelhead trout increased first and then decreased upon being stressed,and after 24 hours of stressing,the activities of catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxide(GSH-PX)and MDA content in serum started to return to the normal.In addition,the serum COR content of rainbow trout consistently increased whereas that of steelhead trout began to decline at the late phase of stressing.All these parameters of stressed fish individuals were significantly higher than those of the control(P<0.05),indicating that rainbow trout and steelhead trout were always under stressing.The interaction of temperature and salinity occurred mostly within 12 hours of stressing.The parameters measured of rainbow trout were significantly affected(P<0.05)while the the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),CAT and GSH-PX and COR content of steelhead trout changed significantly(P<0.05).Besides,the serum CAT and GSH-PX activities of steelhead trout were significantly higher than those of rainbow trout(P<0.05),and its contents of MDA and COR were significantly lower than those of rainbow trout(P<0.05).The temperature effect was more pronounced than salinity when the interactions between temperature and salinity were not significant.Therefore,the anti-emergency ability of steelhead trout is relatively stronger than that of rainbow trout under our experimental conditions.
引文
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[5]徐力文,苏友禄,刘广锋,等.急性盐度胁迫下军曹鱼稚鱼应激反应的血清学指标[J].华南农业大学学报,2007(2):91-94.Xu L W,Su Y L,Liu G F,et al.Serological parameters of rachycentron canadum juveniles subjected to abrupt salinity shock[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,2007(2):91-94.
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[7]卢健民,卢玲,蔺玉华,等.低pH水平对鱼类生理生化效应的影响研究[J].水产学杂志,2000(2):47-53.Lu J M,Lu L,Lin Y H,et al.A study the effects of the phyisiological and biochemical response with low pH on common carp[J].Chinese Journal of Fisheries,2000(2):47-53.
[8]覃川杰,杨川,陈昌福.水温对鱼类免疫活动的影响[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011(5):129-133.Qin C J,Yang C,Chen C F.Effect of environmental temperature on lmmune status of fish[J].Journal of Henan Normal University(Natural Science),2011(5):129-133.
[9]班红琴,吴垠,李阳,等.盐度驯化过程中虹鳟血清渗透压、激素水平及离子组成的变化[J].大连海洋大学学报,2010(6):551-555.Ban H Q,Wu Y,Li Y,et al.The changes in osmotic pressure,concentrations of hormones,and ion composition in serum of rainbow trout during salinity acclimation[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2010(6):551-555.
[10] Barton B A,Iwama G K.Physiological changes in fish from stress in aquaculture with emphasis on the response and effects of corticosteroids[J].Annual Review of Fish Diseases,1991,1:3-26.
[11]郭黎,马爱军,王新安,等.盐度和温度对大菱鲆幼鱼抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2012(5):422-428.Guo L,Ma A J,Wang X A,et al.Effects of temperature and salinity on the activities of antioxidant enzymes of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2012(5):422-428.
[12]方中允,李文杰.自由基与酶[M].北京:科学出版社,1989.Fang Y Z,Li W J.Free Radicals and Enzymes[M].Beijing:Science Press,1989.
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[14]刘存歧,王伟伟,张亚娟.水生生物超氧化物歧化酶的酶学研究进展[J].水产科学,2005(11):52-55.Liu C Q,Wang W W,Zhang Y J.Advance on superoxide dismutase in aquatic organisms[J].Fisheries Science,2005(11):52-55.
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