四棵树凹陷高探1井高产油气成因与烃源岩特征
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摘要
准噶尔盆地南缘四棵树凹陷于2019年1月在白垩系清水河组获得重大突破,高探1井喜获日产千方工业油气流,创准噶尔盆地单井日产量最高纪录,证实了准噶尔盆地四棵树凹陷具有巨大的勘探潜力。为了准确评价四棵树凹陷的资源潜力,为进一步勘探部署提供依据,系统分析了高探1井及周边探井油气性质和侏罗系烃源岩特征,讨论了四棵树凹陷油气成因与灶藏关系。研究表明,高探1井白垩系出油气层气油比为260～360 m~3/m~3,原油为轻质油,具有低密度、低黏度特征。原油碳同位素重,为-26.83‰,Pr/Ph值高达3.6,三环萜烷分布以C_(19)为最高,C_(20),C_(21)依次降低,具有煤系烃源岩典型的地球化学特征。天然气组成中甲烷含量为74.44%,甲烷碳同位素为-40.35‰,乙烷碳同位素为-28.74‰,为相对富含壳质组的偏腐殖型湿气。油气性质特征指示高探1井油气主要来自侏罗系D/E相烃源岩。烃源岩分析表明,四棵树凹陷中—下侏罗统发育D/E相和F相烃源岩,凹陷中心处于凝析油—湿气阶段,具有较高的生油气潜力,研究区侏罗系含油气系统具有广阔勘探潜力。
A great breakthrough was achieved in Cretaceous Qingshuihe formation of Sikeshu sag in the southern margin of Junggar basinin January, 2019, and more than one thousand tons of commercial oil and gas flow per day has been obtained from the Well Gaotan-1,which set a new record of well daily production in Junggar basin. Meanwhile, the great exploration potential in Sikeshu sag of Junggar basinhas been proved. To accurately evaluate the resources in Sikeshu sag and provide a basis for exploration deployment, the paper systematically analyzes the hydrocarbon properties in the well and its surrounding exploration wells and the characteristics of Jurassic source rocks,and discusses the relationship between hydrocarbon generation and accumulation in the sag. The study shows that the gas-oil ratio(GOR)ofthe Cretaceous pay zone in the Well Gaotan-1 is 260～360 m~3/m~3, and the crude oil is light oil with low density and low viscosity. The carbon isotope ratio of the crude oil is-26.83‰ with Pr/Ph as high as 3.6, and the abundance of tricyclic terpane C_(19), C_(20) and C_(21) decrease gradually, indicating typical geochemical characteristics of coal-bearing source rocks. The natural gas in the Well Gaotan-1 is exinite-rich, humic-type wet gas with the methane content of 74.44%, the carbon isotope ratio of methane and ethane of-40.35‰ and-28.74‰, respectively. The above hydrocarbon characteristics indicate that the oil and gas in the Well Gaotan-1 mainly come from Jurassic source rocks withthe organic phase of D/E. The systematic source rock analysis shows that the source rocks of D/E and F organic phases are developed in theMiddle—Lower Jurassic strata in Sikeshu sag, and the sag center is in condensate oil—wet gas stage and has high hydrocarbon generatingpotential. It is considered that the Jurassic petroleum system in the study area has great exploration potential.
A great breakthrough was achieved in Cretaceous Qingshuihe formation of Sikeshu sag in the southern margin of Junggar basinin January, 2019, and more than one thousand tons of commercial oil and gas flow per day has been obtained from the Well Gaotan-1,which set a new record of well daily production in Junggar basin. Meanwhile, the great exploration potential in Sikeshu sag of Junggar basinhas been proved. To accurately evaluate the resources in Sikeshu sag and provide a basis for exploration deployment, the paper systematically analyzes the hydrocarbon properties in the well and its surrounding exploration wells and the characteristics of Jurassic source rocks,and discusses the relationship between hydrocarbon generation and accumulation in the sag. The study shows that the gas-oil ratio(GOR)ofthe Cretaceous pay zone in the Well Gaotan-1 is 260～360 m~3/m~3, and the crude oil is light oil with low density and low viscosity. The carbon isotope ratio of the crude oil is-26.83‰ with Pr/Ph as high as 3.6, and the abundance of tricyclic terpane C_(19), C_(20) and C_(21) decrease gradually, indicating typical geochemical characteristics of coal-bearing source rocks. The natural gas in the Well Gaotan-1 is exinite-rich, humic-type wet gas with the methane content of 74.44%, the carbon isotope ratio of methane and ethane of-40.35‰ and-28.74‰, respectively. The above hydrocarbon characteristics indicate that the oil and gas in the Well Gaotan-1 mainly come from Jurassic source rocks withthe organic phase of D/E. The systematic source rock analysis shows that the source rocks of D/E and F organic phases are developed in theMiddle—Lower Jurassic strata in Sikeshu sag, and the sag center is in condensate oil—wet gas stage and has high hydrocarbon generatingpotential. It is considered that the Jurassic petroleum system in the study area has great exploration potential.
引文
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[9]陈建平,王绪龙,邓春萍,等.准噶尔盆地南缘油气生成与分布规律--典型油藏油源解剖与原油分布规律[J].石油学报,2016,37(4):415-429.CHEN Jianping,WANG Xulong,DENG Chunping,et al.Investigation of typical reservoirs and occurrence regularity of crude oils in the southern margin of Junggar basin,northwestern China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(4):415-429.
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[12]CHEN Jianping,DENG Chunping,LIANG Digang,et al.Mixed oils derived from multiple source rocks in the Cainan oilfield,Junggar basin,northwest China.Part II:artificial mixing experiments on typical crude oils and quantitative oil-source correlation[J].Organic Geochemistry,2003,34(7):911-930.
[13]陈建平,王绪龙,邓春萍,等.准噶尔盆地南缘油气生成与分布规律--典型类型原油油源对比[J].石油学报,2016,37(2):160-171.CHEN Jianping,WANG Xulong,DENG Chunping,et al.Oilsource correlation of typical crude oils in the southern margin,Junggar basin,northwestern China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(2):160-171.
[14]徐兴友,孔祥星,郭春清,等.准噶尔盆地腹地董1井和成1井的油源分析及其地质意义[R].江苏无锡:第十届全国有机地球化学学术会议,2005.XU Xingyou,KONG Xiangxing,GUO Chunqing,et al.Oringinal analysis and its significance in petroleum geology of well-DONG 1and well-CHNEG 1,Junggar basin[R].Wuxi,Jiangsu:The Tenth Conference of Organic Geochenmistry in China,2005.
[15]程长领.四棵树凹陷侏罗系烃源岩再认识[J].新疆石油地质,2018,39(1):119-124.CHENG Changling.Re-cognition of the Jurassic source rocks in Sikeshu sag[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2018,39(1):119-124.
[16]TYSON T R.Sedimentary organic matter:organic facies and palynofacies[M].London:Chapman and Hall,2012.
[17]PEPPER A J,CORVI P J.Simple kinetic models of petroleum formation.Part I:oil and gas generation from kerogen[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1995,12(3):291-319.
[18]邱楠生,杨海波,王绪龙.准噶尔盆地构造-热演化特征[J].地质科学,2002,37(4):423-429.QIU Nansheng,YANG Haibo,WANG Xulong.Tectono-thermal evolution in the Junggar basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2002,37(4):423-429.
[19]邵雨,李学义,杨迪生,等.准噶尔盆地南缘新生代构造特征及演化[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.SHAO Yu,LI Xueyi,YANG Disheng,et al.The Cenozoic structural characteristic and evaluation of the southern Junggar basin[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.
[20]李学义,邵雨,李天明.准噶尔盆地南缘三个油气成藏组合研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(6):32-34.LI Xueyi,SHAO Yu,LI Tianming.Three oil-reservoir combinations in south marginal of Jungar basin,northwest China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(6):32-34.
[21]陈建平,邓春萍,王绪龙,等.准噶尔盆地南缘中部凝析油油源[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(5):830-840.CHEN Jianping,DENG Chunping,WANG Xulong,et al.Source of condensatet oil in the middle of southern margin,Junggar basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(5):830-840.
[22]郭春清,沈忠民,张林晔,等.准噶尔盆地南缘烃源岩生源特征及原油分类[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,32(3):257-262.GUO Chunqing,SHEN Zhongmin,ZHANG Linye,et al.Biogenic origin characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks and classification of oils in the south part of Junggar basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2005,32(3):257-262.
[23]WILHELMS A,LARTER S.Shaken but not always stirred.Impact of petroleum charge mixing on reservoir geochemistry[M]//CU-BITT J M,ENGLAND W A,LATER S.Understanding petroleum reservoirs:towards an integrated reservoir engineering and geochemical appraoch.London:Geological Society,2004.
[24]THOMPSON K F.Gas-condensate migration and oil fractionation in deltaic systems[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1988,5(3):237-246.
[25]THOMPSON K F.Fractionated aromatic petroleums and the generation of gas-condensates[J].Organic Geochemistry,1987,11(6):573-590.
[2]王绪龙,支东明,王屿涛,等.准噶尔盆地烃源岩与油气地球化学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2013.WANG Xulong,ZHI Dongming,WANG Yutao,et al.Source rock and oil-gas geochemistry in Junggar basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2013.
[3]支东明.准噶尔盆地油气田典型油气藏(南缘分册)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2018.ZHI Dongming.Typical reservoirs in oil and gas fields of Junggar basin:the southern margin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2018.
[4]张义杰,向书政,王绪龙,等.准噶尔盆地含油气系统特点与油气成藏组合模式[J].中国石油勘探,2002,7(4):25-35.ZHANG Yijie,XIANG Shuzheng,WANG Xulong,et al.Characteristics of petroleum system and pattern of oil and gas formation reservoir assemblage in Junggar basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2002,7(4):25-35.
[5]朱文,吴朝东,王家林,等.准噶尔盆地四棵树凹陷三叠系物源及其构造意义[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(5):512-518.ZHU Wen,WU Chaodong,WANG Jialin,et al.Triassic provenance and its tectonic significance in Sikeshu sag,Junggar basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(5):512-518.
[6]张枝焕,向奎,秦黎明,等.准噶尔盆地四棵树凹陷烃源岩地球化学特征及其对车排子凸起油气聚集的贡献[J].中国地质,2012,39(2):326-337.ZHANG Zhihuan,XIANG Kui,QIN Liming,et al.Geochemical characteristics of source rocks and their contribution to petroleum accumulation of Chepaizi area in Sikeshu depression,Junggar basin[J].Geology in China,2012,39(2):326-337.
[7]齐雪峰,吴晓智.准噶尔盆地南缘安集海河组沉积环境及油气地质意义[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(3):289-292.QI Xuefeng,WU Xiaozhi.Depositional environment of Paleogene Anjihaihe formation in southern margin of Junngar basin and its significance in petroleum geology[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2009,30(3):289-292.
[8]黄彦庆,侯读杰.准噶尔盆地四棵树凹陷原油地球化学特征分析[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(2):282-286.HUANG Yanqing,HOU Dujie.Geochemical characteristics of oil in Sikeshu sag of Junggar basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(2):282-286.
[9]陈建平,王绪龙,邓春萍,等.准噶尔盆地南缘油气生成与分布规律--典型油藏油源解剖与原油分布规律[J].石油学报,2016,37(4):415-429.CHEN Jianping,WANG Xulong,DENG Chunping,et al.Investigation of typical reservoirs and occurrence regularity of crude oils in the southern margin of Junggar basin,northwestern China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(4):415-429.
[10]覃军,林小云,潘虹,等.准噶尔盆地南缘四棵树凹陷及周缘油源关系研究[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2014,33(3):395-400.QIN Jun,LIN Xiaoyun,PAN Hong,et al.Correlations between the Sikeshu sag and the oil source rock in its peripheral region,south Junggar basin[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2014,33(3):395-400.
[11]CHEN Jianping,LIANG Digang,WANG Xulong,et al.Mixed oils derived from multiple source rocks in the Cainan oilfield,Junggar basin,northwest China.Part I:Genetic potential of source rocks,features of biomarkers and oil sources of typical crude oils[J].Organic Geochemistry,2003,34(7):889-909.
[12]CHEN Jianping,DENG Chunping,LIANG Digang,et al.Mixed oils derived from multiple source rocks in the Cainan oilfield,Junggar basin,northwest China.Part II:artificial mixing experiments on typical crude oils and quantitative oil-source correlation[J].Organic Geochemistry,2003,34(7):911-930.
[13]陈建平,王绪龙,邓春萍,等.准噶尔盆地南缘油气生成与分布规律--典型类型原油油源对比[J].石油学报,2016,37(2):160-171.CHEN Jianping,WANG Xulong,DENG Chunping,et al.Oilsource correlation of typical crude oils in the southern margin,Junggar basin,northwestern China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(2):160-171.
[14]徐兴友,孔祥星,郭春清,等.准噶尔盆地腹地董1井和成1井的油源分析及其地质意义[R].江苏无锡:第十届全国有机地球化学学术会议,2005.XU Xingyou,KONG Xiangxing,GUO Chunqing,et al.Oringinal analysis and its significance in petroleum geology of well-DONG 1and well-CHNEG 1,Junggar basin[R].Wuxi,Jiangsu:The Tenth Conference of Organic Geochenmistry in China,2005.
[15]程长领.四棵树凹陷侏罗系烃源岩再认识[J].新疆石油地质,2018,39(1):119-124.CHENG Changling.Re-cognition of the Jurassic source rocks in Sikeshu sag[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2018,39(1):119-124.
[16]TYSON T R.Sedimentary organic matter:organic facies and palynofacies[M].London:Chapman and Hall,2012.
[17]PEPPER A J,CORVI P J.Simple kinetic models of petroleum formation.Part I:oil and gas generation from kerogen[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1995,12(3):291-319.
[18]邱楠生,杨海波,王绪龙.准噶尔盆地构造-热演化特征[J].地质科学,2002,37(4):423-429.QIU Nansheng,YANG Haibo,WANG Xulong.Tectono-thermal evolution in the Junggar basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2002,37(4):423-429.
[19]邵雨,李学义,杨迪生,等.准噶尔盆地南缘新生代构造特征及演化[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.SHAO Yu,LI Xueyi,YANG Disheng,et al.The Cenozoic structural characteristic and evaluation of the southern Junggar basin[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.
[20]李学义,邵雨,李天明.准噶尔盆地南缘三个油气成藏组合研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(6):32-34.LI Xueyi,SHAO Yu,LI Tianming.Three oil-reservoir combinations in south marginal of Jungar basin,northwest China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(6):32-34.
[21]陈建平,邓春萍,王绪龙,等.准噶尔盆地南缘中部凝析油油源[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(5):830-840.CHEN Jianping,DENG Chunping,WANG Xulong,et al.Source of condensatet oil in the middle of southern margin,Junggar basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(5):830-840.
[22]郭春清,沈忠民,张林晔,等.准噶尔盆地南缘烃源岩生源特征及原油分类[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,32(3):257-262.GUO Chunqing,SHEN Zhongmin,ZHANG Linye,et al.Biogenic origin characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks and classification of oils in the south part of Junggar basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2005,32(3):257-262.
[23]WILHELMS A,LARTER S.Shaken but not always stirred.Impact of petroleum charge mixing on reservoir geochemistry[M]//CU-BITT J M,ENGLAND W A,LATER S.Understanding petroleum reservoirs:towards an integrated reservoir engineering and geochemical appraoch.London:Geological Society,2004.
[24]THOMPSON K F.Gas-condensate migration and oil fractionation in deltaic systems[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1988,5(3):237-246.
[25]THOMPSON K F.Fractionated aromatic petroleums and the generation of gas-condensates[J].Organic Geochemistry,1987,11(6):573-590.