高纯镁砂及氧化镁陶瓷研究进展
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摘要
高纯镁砂是重要的耐高温材料,氧化镁陶瓷则广泛应用于透光材料领域,对两种材料的生产工艺开展研究具有重要理论和实际意义。本文系统地综述了利用菱镁矿、卤水生产高纯氧化镁及镁砂的各种技术,以及氧化镁陶瓷的烧结方法和烧结助剂对烧结过程的影响;介绍了菱镁矿制备高纯镁砂,卤水沉淀法、卤水直接热解法制备高纯氧化镁,以及电熔法制备高纯镁砂等技术。指出了每种生产技术的优缺点及今后的研究与发展方向。介绍了常压烧结、热压烧结、热等静压烧结、放电等离子烧结、微波烧结和真空烧结等氧化镁陶瓷烧结技术及其进展,总结了烧结助剂对烧结过程的影响及其机理,指出氧化镁陶瓷未来的研究关键主要在于对粉体合成技术、致密化烧结技术及烧结助剂的研究。
High-purity magnesia is an important heat-resistant material and magnesium oxide ceramics are widely used in the field of transparent materials. It has great theoretical and practical significance to study the production process of the two materials. Various technologies of producing high-purity magnesiaand magnesium from magnesite and brine, sintering methods of magnesium oxide ceramics and theinfluence of sintering additives on the sintering process are systematically reviewed. The preparationtechnologies of high-purity magnesia from magnesite, the preparation technologies of high-puritymagnesia by brine precipitation method and by direct pyrolysis of brine method and the preparationtechnologies of high-purity magnesia by electrical fusion method are introduced. The advantages anddisadvantages of each production technology and the research and development directions in the futureare pointed out. Various sintering methods and research progress of magnesium oxide ceramics areintroduced, including conventional sintering, hot pressing sintering, hot isostatic pressing sintering, spark plasma sintering, microwave sintering and vacuum sintering. The influence of sintering additives on the sintering process and the influence mechanism are summarized. The future research emphases of magnesium oxide ceramics such as powder synthesis technology, densification sintering technology and sintering additives are pointed out.
High-purity magnesia is an important heat-resistant material and magnesium oxide ceramics are widely used in the field of transparent materials. It has great theoretical and practical significance to study the production process of the two materials. Various technologies of producing high-purity magnesiaand magnesium from magnesite and brine, sintering methods of magnesium oxide ceramics and theinfluence of sintering additives on the sintering process are systematically reviewed. The preparationtechnologies of high-purity magnesia from magnesite, the preparation technologies of high-puritymagnesia by brine precipitation method and by direct pyrolysis of brine method and the preparationtechnologies of high-purity magnesia by electrical fusion method are introduced. The advantages anddisadvantages of each production technology and the research and development directions in the futureare pointed out. Various sintering methods and research progress of magnesium oxide ceramics areintroduced, including conventional sintering, hot pressing sintering, hot isostatic pressing sintering, spark plasma sintering, microwave sintering and vacuum sintering. The influence of sintering additives on the sintering process and the influence mechanism are summarized. The future research emphases of magnesium oxide ceramics such as powder synthesis technology, densification sintering technology and sintering additives are pointed out.
引文
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[5]章柯宁,张一敏,王昌安,等.从低品级菱镁矿中提取高纯氧化镁的研究[J].武汉科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 29(6):558-560.ZHANG K N, ZHANG Y M, WANG C A, et al. Obtaining high-grade mgo from low-grade magnesite[J]. Journal of WuhanUniversity of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2006, 29(6):558-560.
[6]章柯宁,张一敏,王昌安,等.碳化法从菱镁矿中提取高纯氧化镁的研究[J].武汉科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 27(4):352-353.ZHANG K N, ZHANG Y M, WANG C A, et al. Soaking high-grade MgO from magnesite by carbonate method[J]. Journal ofWuhan University of Science and Technology(Natural ScienceEdition),, 2004, 27(4):352-353.
[7]马鹏程.高活性氧化镁和高密度烧结镁砂的研究[D].沈阳:东北大学, 2014.MA P C. Study on high-activity and high-density MgO[D].Shenyang:Northeastern University, 2014.
[8]王云山,杨刚,杨平.高纯镁砂湿火一体法装置及制备高纯镁砂的方法:CN104108733B[P]. 2015-12-09.WANG Y S, YANG G, YANG P. High-purity magnesia wet-pyrogenic integrated device and method for preparing high-puritymagnesia:CN104108733B[P]. 2015-12-09.
[9]谢垚.用六水氯化镁制备高纯镁砂工艺[D].太原:太原理工大学, 2014.XIE Y. Research on preparation of high purity magnesite withMgCl2·6H2O[D]. Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2014.
[10]李陇岗.青海盐湖水氯镁石制备高纯镁砂研究[D].成都:成都理工大学, 2005.LI L G. Studies on preparation of high purity magnesia frombischofite in Qinghai salt lakes[D]. Chengdu:Chengdu Universityof Technology, 2005.
[11]黄琼珠.废弃水氯镁石热解制备高纯镁砂研究[D].上海:华东理工大学, 2013.HUANG Q Z. Preparation of high purity magnesia from wastebischofite by pyrolysis[D]. Shanghai:East China University ofScience and Technology, 2013.
[12] EPSTEIN J A. Utilization of the dead sea minerals(a review)[J].Hydrometallurgy, 1976, 2(1):1-10.
[13]郭如新.合成法氧化镁、氢氧化镁生产现状与前景展望[J].无机盐工业, 2011, 43(11):1-5,18.GUO R X. Present production status and developing prospect ofMgO and Mg(OH)2by synthetic processes[J]. Inorganic ChemicalsIndustry, 2011, 43(11):1-5,18.
[14] AMAN J J. Improvements in or relating to the thermal decomposition of certain chlorides and sulphates:GB793700A[P].1958-04-23.
[15]路贵民,黄琼珠,于建国,等.一种用水氯镁石热解制备碱式氯化镁和氧化镁的方法:CN101624198A[P]. 2010-01-13.LU G M, HUANG Q Z, YU J G, et al. Method for preparing basicmagnesium chloride and magnesium oxide by pyrolyzingbischofite:CN101624198A[P]. 2010-01-13.
[16]刘源滔.水氯镁石热解机理与中间产物结构演变[D].上海:华东理工大学, 2017.LIU Y T. Study on the mechanism and structure transition ofthermal decomposition of MgCl2?6H2O[D]. Shanghai:East ChinaUniversity of Science and Technology, 2017.
[17]刘富舟.水氯镁石喷雾热解制备氧化镁工艺设计及实验研究[D].上海:华东理工大学, 2015.LIU F Z. Process design and experimental study on preparation ofmagnesium oxide from bischofite by spray pyrolysis[D]. Shanghai:East China University of Science and Technology, 2015.
[18] DU W, SUN Z, LU G M, et al. The two-phase high-speed streamat the centerline of a hollow-cone spray produced by a pressure-swirl nozzle[J]. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2017, 56(1):359-367.
[19] DU W, SUN Z, LU G M, et al. Interaction between a hollow-conespray and the co-axial swirling stratified flow in a novel spraypyrolysis furnace[J]. The Canadian Journal of ChemicalEngineering, 2018, 96(5):1079-1088.
[20] DU W, SUN Z, LU G M, et al. CFD aided design of integratedspray pyrolysis furnace for liquid ore exploitation[J]. ChemicalEngineering and Processing:Process Intensification, 2017, 122:245-257.
[21]陈侠,陈丽芳.用六水氯化镁工业化生产高纯氧化镁的新工艺[J].盐业与化工, 2008, 37(3):13-16.CHEN X, CHEN L F. New process for industrial production ofhigh-purity magnesium oxide from magnesium chloridehexahydrate[J]. Journal of Salt Science and Chemical Industry,2008, 37(3):13-16.
[22]闫岩,卢旭晨,王体壮,等.利用老卤生产高纯氧化镁技术研究进展[J].化工进展, 2016, 35(10):3251-3257.YAN Y, LU X C, WANG T Z, et al. A review on the technologiesof high-purity magnesia production from brine[J]. ChemicalIndustry and Engineering Progress, 2016, 35(10):3251-3257.
[23] LU X C, YAN Y. Method and device for producing high-puritymagnesium oxide and co-producing industrial concentratedhydrochloric acid through partially hydrated magnesium chloridefluidization pyrolysis:CN105197968A[P]. 2015-12-30.
[24] HUANG Q Z, LU G M, WANG J, et al. Thermal decompositionmechanisms of MgCl2·6H2O and MgCl2·H2O[J]. Journal ofAnalytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2011, 91(1):159-164.
[25] HUANG Q Z, LU G M, WANG J, et al. Mechanism and kinetics ofthermal decomposition of MgCl2·6H2O[J]. Metallurgical andMaterials Transactions B, 2010, 41(5):1059-1066.
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