土壤盐碱度对小麦主要农艺性状和产量的影响
摘要
为了提高盐碱地利用效率,实现小麦盐碱土壤的精准栽培,本研究是在不同盐碱度土壤条件下研究所选用的5个品种(系)生育时期、产量及产量相关性状。结果表明:随土壤盐碱度上升,小麦主要性状受负面影响程度普遍加大;多数检测性状存在依赖于盐碱度的反应特性,即在轻度、中度盐碱度条件下,品种(系)的性状盐碱耐受性或者反应特性并不一致,有必要根据盐碱度差异进行栽培管理。轻度盐碱条件下,影响产量的主要因素是穗数,穗数受到最大分蘖、成穗效率的影响;中度盐碱条件下,穗数和籽粒粒重均显著影响产量,粒重主要受到籽粒饱满度的影响。轻度盐碱土壤中适宜种植多穗型、中大穗型小麦;中度盐碱土壤中应以多穗型为主。在盐碱土壤小麦栽培过程中,针对不同盐碱条件下小麦品种(系)的表现,采用相应栽培措施,弥补性状发育缺陷,可以提高小麦产出。
引文
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[2]董亮,孙泽强,王学君,等.黄河三角洲盐碱耕地型中低产田概况及改良增产技术探讨[J].江西农业学报,2014,2:58-62.
[3]李树华,许兴,惠红霞,等.不同小麦品种(系)对盐碱胁迫的生理及农艺性状反应[J].麦类作物学报,2000,20(4):63-67.
[4]孟祥浩,张玉梅,薛元赛.滨海盐碱地条件下不同小麦品种(系)花后旗叶可溶性物质、灌浆速率及产量因素的分析[J].作物杂志,2016,1:1468-1490.
[5]Izadi M H.EFFECTS OF SALINITY STRESS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS WHEAT AND BARLEY CULTIVARS[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2014,37(4):520-531.
[6]Talaat N B,Shawky B T.24-Epibrassinolide ameliorates the saline stress and improves the productivity of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)[J].Environmental&Experimental Botany,2012,82(3):80-88.
[7]Calvo P,Nelson L,Kloepper J W.Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants[J].Plant and Soil,2014,383(1-2):3-41.
[8]Iqbal M,Ashraf M.Gibberellic acid mediated induction of salt tolerance in wheat plants:growth,ionic partitioning,photosynthesis,yield and hormonal homeostasis(Special Issue:Phytohormones and stress.)[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2013,86(86):76-85.
[9]Arfan M,Athar H R,Ashraf M.Does exogenous application of salicylic acid through the rooting medium modulate growth and photosynthetic capacity in two differently adapted spring wheat cultivars under salt stress[J].Journal of plant physiology,2007,164(6):685-694.
[10]Daei G.Alleviation of salinity stress on wheat yield,yield components,and nutrient uptake using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under field conditions[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2009,166(6):617-625.
[11]Athar H,Khan A,Ashraf M.Exogenously applied ascorbic acid alleviates salt-induced oxidative stress in wheat[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2008,63(3):224-231.
[12]LIU C A,LI F R,LIU C C,et al.Yield-increase effects via improving soil phosphorus availability by applying K2SO4fertilizer in calcareous-alkaline soils in a semi-arid agroecosystem[J].Field Crops Research,2013,144(6):69-76.
[13]Bybordi A.Interactive Effects of Silicon and Potassium Nitrate in Improving Salt Tolerance of Wheat[J].Agricultural Sciences in China,2014,(9):1889-1899.
[14]Ashraf M,Mushtaq M A,Nisar A.Effect of sub-and supraoptimal nitrogen regimes on nutrient relations in two spring wheat cultivars differing in salinity tolerance[J].Flora,2002,197(2):126-133.
[15]陆莉,张建国,张铁恒.环渤海低平原盐碱地小麦高产栽培技术[J].作物研究,2007,21(3):176-178.
[16]Mahdy A M.Soil properties and wheat growth and nutrients as Affected by compost amendment under saline water irrigation[J].Pedosphere,2011,21(6):773-781.
[17]王立艳,潘洁,于彩虹,等.天津滨海盐碱地土壤含盐量测定方法的研究[J].天津农业科学,2011,17(5):40-42.
[18]Zheng Y H,Wang Z,Sun X,et al.Higher salinity tolerance cultivars of winter wheat relieved senescence at reproductive stage[J].Environmental&Experimental Botany,2008,62(2):129-138.
[19]Ali Z,Slam A,Azhar F M.Genotypic variation in salinity tolerance among spring and winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)accessions[J].South African Journal of Botany,2007,73(1):70-75.
[20]Zheng Y H,Jia A J,Ning T Y,et al.Potassium nitrate application alleviates sodium chloride stress in winter wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance[J].Journal of plant physiology,2008,165(14):1455-1465.
[21]Poustini K.Ion distribution in wheat cultivars in response to salinity stress[J].Field Crops Research,2004,85(2):125-133.