株行距配置对苏打盐碱地水稻产量形成及稻米品质的影响
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摘要
旨在优化出适合盐碱水田水稻种植的群体结构,提高水稻产量。以‘吉粳809’为材料,试验采取裂区设计,研究不同群体结构对水稻农艺性状及稻米外观品质、碾米品质和蒸煮品质的影响。结果表明:A3B2处理的产量、一次枝梗实粒数、二次枝梗实粒数和总粒数分别比对照A4B3增加31.4%、16.1%、18.9%和6.3%,有效穗数和株高分别比对照A4B3减少24.5%,4.5%。行距和株距的互作效应对产量和有效穗数有显著影响,对总粒数、实粒数和千粒重影响不显著。不同行距间,株距间对产量、总粒数和实粒数影响不显著,对有效穗数影响显著。A3B2处理条件下整精米率高于对照处理。随着行距和株距的增加,稻米的垩白度和垩白粒率降低,对蛋白质和直链淀粉影响较小,变化范围分别在6.54%～7.16%,17.2%～19.3%。
To optimize the population structure of rice planting in saline-alkali paddy field, and improve the yield of rice,‘Jijing 809'was used as the material, split-plot experiment design was carried out, and the effects of different population structures on the agronomic characters and the appearance quality, milling quality and cooking quality of rice grain were studied. The results showed that: the yield, the grain number of the first branch, the grain number of the secondary branch and the total grain number per panicle of A3 B2 treatment increased by 31.4%, 16.1%, 18.9% and 6.3% compared with the control A4B3. The effective panicles and plant height decreased by 24.5% and 4.5% compared with the control A4 B3. The interaction among planting and row spacing had significant effect on yield and effective panicles, and had no significant effect on the total grain number, the filled grain number and 1000-grain weight. Different planting and row spacing had no significant effect on yield, the total grain number and the filled grain number, and had significant effect on effective panicles. The head rice rate of A3 B2 was higher than that of the control. With the increasing of row spacing and plant spacing, the degree of chalkiness and rate of chalky grains decreased,which had less effect on protein and amylose, and the variation ranges was 6.54% to 7.16%, and 17.2% to19.3%, respectively.
To optimize the population structure of rice planting in saline-alkali paddy field, and improve the yield of rice,‘Jijing 809'was used as the material, split-plot experiment design was carried out, and the effects of different population structures on the agronomic characters and the appearance quality, milling quality and cooking quality of rice grain were studied. The results showed that: the yield, the grain number of the first branch, the grain number of the secondary branch and the total grain number per panicle of A3 B2 treatment increased by 31.4%, 16.1%, 18.9% and 6.3% compared with the control A4B3. The effective panicles and plant height decreased by 24.5% and 4.5% compared with the control A4 B3. The interaction among planting and row spacing had significant effect on yield and effective panicles, and had no significant effect on the total grain number, the filled grain number and 1000-grain weight. Different planting and row spacing had no significant effect on yield, the total grain number and the filled grain number, and had significant effect on effective panicles. The head rice rate of A3 B2 was higher than that of the control. With the increasing of row spacing and plant spacing, the degree of chalkiness and rate of chalky grains decreased,which had less effect on protein and amylose, and the variation ranges was 6.54% to 7.16%, and 17.2% to19.3%, respectively.
引文
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[10]刘怀珍,黄庆,陆秀明,等.插植密度与插植苗数对超级稻产量和抗倒力的影响[J].中国稻米,2013,19(04):91-93,100.
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[12]薛全义,荆宇,邓丽.稻草复种模式下水稻不同品种不同播种量秧苗素质分析[J].辽宁农业科学,2006(03):39-40.
[13]凌启鸿,张洪程,蔡建中,等.水稻高产群体质量及其优化控制探讨[J].中国农业科学,1993(06):1-11.
[14]许乃霞,苏祖芳,张亚洁,等.抽穗后水稻株型与产量形成关系的研究[J].扬州大学学报,2002(04):56-60.
[15]王建林,徐正进,魏树和.水稻株型育种生理生态特性的研究现状与展望[J].辽宁农业科学,2000(04):23-27.
[16]王成瑷,王伯伦,张文香,等.栽培密度对水稻产量及品质的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2004(04):318-322.
[17]徐正进,陈温福,张树林,等.辽宁水稻穗型指数品种间差异及其与产量和品质的关系[J].中国农业科学,2005(09):1926-1930.
[18]蒋振华,徐国沾,施金裕,等.不同群体质量对稻米品质的影响[J].上海农业科技,2004(04):24-26.
[19]李彦利,严光彬,贾玉敏,等.栽培因素对北方粳稻产量及米质的影响——第12报氮肥施用量对产量及米质的影响[J].北方水稻,2008,02:37-39.
[20]王爱辉,王勇,耿文良.水稻栽培技术措施对稻米品质的影响[J].北方水稻,2013,4306:31-33.
[21]周根友,翟彩娇,邓先亮,等.盐逆境对水稻产量、光合特性及品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2018,3202:146-154.
[22]齐国锋.水稻栽培技术措施对稻米品质的影响浅析[J].农业开发与装备,2018,04:165,167.
[2]杜震宇.不同株行距配置对水稻生长发育的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2007.
[3]凌启鸿,苏祖芳,张海泉.水稻成穗率与群体质量的关系及其影响因素的研究[J].作物学报,1995(04):463-469.
[4]陆顺生,曾林,万卫东,等.优质籼稻不同品种、密度对其产量及构成因素的影响[J].中国农学通报,2003(02):50-52,162.
[5]王英满,张海泉,庞其敬.武运粳7号相近基本苗的不同栽插行距对生长效应的影响[J].上海农业科技,1995(5):14-15.
[6]陈书强,赵海新,杨丽敏,等.寒地水稻高产抗倒伏调控技术的初步研究[J].华北农学报,2013,28(06):159-165.
[7]石扬娟,黄艳玲,申广勒,等.氮肥用量和栽插密度对水稻茎秆力学特性的影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2008(07):101-106.
[8]程效义,徐海,马作斌,等.施氮量与栽插密度对粳稻稻米品质的影响[J].杂交水稻,2011,26(05):77-80.
[9]胡雅杰,邢志鹏,龚金龙,等.钵苗机插水稻群体动态特征及高产形成机制的探讨[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(05):865-879.
[10]刘怀珍,黄庆,陆秀明,等.插植密度与插植苗数对超级稻产量和抗倒力的影响[J].中国稻米,2013,19(04):91-93,100.
[11]彭斌,王国忠,陆峥嵘,等.肥料密度对直播水稻“武运粳8号”产量及构成因素的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2003(03):157-162.
[12]薛全义,荆宇,邓丽.稻草复种模式下水稻不同品种不同播种量秧苗素质分析[J].辽宁农业科学,2006(03):39-40.
[13]凌启鸿,张洪程,蔡建中,等.水稻高产群体质量及其优化控制探讨[J].中国农业科学,1993(06):1-11.
[14]许乃霞,苏祖芳,张亚洁,等.抽穗后水稻株型与产量形成关系的研究[J].扬州大学学报,2002(04):56-60.
[15]王建林,徐正进,魏树和.水稻株型育种生理生态特性的研究现状与展望[J].辽宁农业科学,2000(04):23-27.
[16]王成瑷,王伯伦,张文香,等.栽培密度对水稻产量及品质的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2004(04):318-322.
[17]徐正进,陈温福,张树林,等.辽宁水稻穗型指数品种间差异及其与产量和品质的关系[J].中国农业科学,2005(09):1926-1930.
[18]蒋振华,徐国沾,施金裕,等.不同群体质量对稻米品质的影响[J].上海农业科技,2004(04):24-26.
[19]李彦利,严光彬,贾玉敏,等.栽培因素对北方粳稻产量及米质的影响——第12报氮肥施用量对产量及米质的影响[J].北方水稻,2008,02:37-39.
[20]王爱辉,王勇,耿文良.水稻栽培技术措施对稻米品质的影响[J].北方水稻,2013,4306:31-33.
[21]周根友,翟彩娇,邓先亮,等.盐逆境对水稻产量、光合特性及品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2018,3202:146-154.
[22]齐国锋.水稻栽培技术措施对稻米品质的影响浅析[J].农业开发与装备,2018,04:165,167.