造纸废水灌溉对辽河口湿地土壤营养元素含量影响
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摘要
为研究不同浓度造纸废水灌溉(以CODCr浓度计,其浓度分别为:300,175,50mg·L~(-1))对湿地土壤营养元素[有机质、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)及总钾(TK)]含量的影响,本研究利用沈阳农业大学综合试验场小试装置模拟辽河口天然芦苇湿地,来分析湿地土壤营养元素含量在不同浓度废水灌溉下的变化规律。结果表明:造纸废水灌溉后湿地土壤营养元素含量显著提高,随着废水浓度的增大,土壤中营养元素含量依次增大。有机质含量分别为22.420,19.950,20.020g·kg~(-1),为对照组CK的1.409,1.254,1.258倍;TN含量分别为0.742,0.696,0.642g·kg~(-1),为对照组CK的1.317,1.237,1.140倍;TP含量分别为0.586,0.529,0.491g·kg~(-1),为对照组CK的1.407,1.270,1.178倍;TK含量分别为3.265,3.086,3.160g·kg~(-1),为对照组CK的1.115,1.054,1.080倍。对TN、TP及盐碱离子平衡分析发现,随废水浓度的增大,芦苇体内各元素累积量增加,累积率减小,土壤中残留量加大。利用集对分析方法对造纸废水灌溉后湿地土壤养分进行评价,以C_1浓度造纸废水灌溉芦苇湿地,土壤营养元素等级为Ⅲ级,以C_2、C_3浓度废水灌溉后土壤的养分评价级别为Ⅳ级,说明较高浓度造纸废水的灌溉有效地提高了湿地土壤养分的含量,而较低浓度造纸废水灌溉对土壤养分含量提高幅度有限。
In order to study the impact of irrigation with papermaking wastewater with different concentrations(CODcr's concentrations were 300, 175 and 50mg·L~(-1)) on the nutrient contents in the wetland soil [organic matter, total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP) and total kalium(TK)], we simulated the Liao River Estuary's natural reed wetland by comprehensively utilizing the small pilot plant in Shenyang Agricultural University's Proving Ground to analyze the change rules of the nutrient contents in the wetland soil in the condition of papermaking wastewater with different concentrations. The result showed that after the use of papermaking wastewater, the nutrient contents increased significantly. The higher of wastewater concentration, the higher of the nutrient contents in the soil. The average content of the organic matter was 22.420, 19.950 and 20.020g·kg~(-1), respectively, 1.409,1.254 and 1.258 times of the value of the control. The average content of TN was 0.742, 0.696 and 0.642g·kg~(-1), respectively, 1.317,1.237 and 1.140 times of the value of the CK. The average content of TP was 0.586, 0.529 and 0.491g·kg~(-1), respectively, 1.407,1.270 and 1.178 times of the value of the CK. The average content of TK was 3.265, 3.086 and 3.160g·kg~(-1), respectively, 1.115,1.054 and 1.080 times of the value of the CK. Based on the balance analysis on TN, TP and saline ions, we found that with the increase of wastewater concentration, the accumulation of various elements within the reed body increased, and the amount of residues in the soil also increased. The cumulative rate of each element in the reed decreased, but the total absorption of the elements increased. We evaluated the nutrient element content in the wetland soil after the irrigation with papermaking wastewater using the set pair analysis method. When irrigating the reed wetland by using the papermaking wastewater of C_1 concentration, the level of the soil's nutrient elements was Ⅲ, and the level was Ⅳ when irrigating by the wastewater of C_2 and C_3. Higher concentration of papermaking wastewater irrigation increases the nutrient contents in the wetland soil, and lower concentration of papermaking wastewater irrigation increases the nutrient contents with less level.
In order to study the impact of irrigation with papermaking wastewater with different concentrations(CODcr's concentrations were 300, 175 and 50mg·L~(-1)) on the nutrient contents in the wetland soil [organic matter, total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP) and total kalium(TK)], we simulated the Liao River Estuary's natural reed wetland by comprehensively utilizing the small pilot plant in Shenyang Agricultural University's Proving Ground to analyze the change rules of the nutrient contents in the wetland soil in the condition of papermaking wastewater with different concentrations. The result showed that after the use of papermaking wastewater, the nutrient contents increased significantly. The higher of wastewater concentration, the higher of the nutrient contents in the soil. The average content of the organic matter was 22.420, 19.950 and 20.020g·kg~(-1), respectively, 1.409,1.254 and 1.258 times of the value of the control. The average content of TN was 0.742, 0.696 and 0.642g·kg~(-1), respectively, 1.317,1.237 and 1.140 times of the value of the CK. The average content of TP was 0.586, 0.529 and 0.491g·kg~(-1), respectively, 1.407,1.270 and 1.178 times of the value of the CK. The average content of TK was 3.265, 3.086 and 3.160g·kg~(-1), respectively, 1.115,1.054 and 1.080 times of the value of the CK. Based on the balance analysis on TN, TP and saline ions, we found that with the increase of wastewater concentration, the accumulation of various elements within the reed body increased, and the amount of residues in the soil also increased. The cumulative rate of each element in the reed decreased, but the total absorption of the elements increased. We evaluated the nutrient element content in the wetland soil after the irrigation with papermaking wastewater using the set pair analysis method. When irrigating the reed wetland by using the papermaking wastewater of C_1 concentration, the level of the soil's nutrient elements was Ⅲ, and the level was Ⅳ when irrigating by the wastewater of C_2 and C_3. Higher concentration of papermaking wastewater irrigation increases the nutrient contents in the wetland soil, and lower concentration of papermaking wastewater irrigation increases the nutrient contents with less level.
引文
[1]王铁良,孙一民.双台河口湿地生态系统健康评价研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2013,44(6):793-798.
[2]COLLINS B S,SHARITZ R R,COUGHLIN D P.Elemental composition of native wetland plants in constructed mesocosm treatment wetlands[J].Bioresource Technology,2005,96(8):937-948.
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[4]刘擎,夏江宝,贾岱,等.造纸废水灌溉对轻度盐碱芦苇湿地理化性状的影响[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(4):258-261.
[5]杜臻杰,齐学斌,樊向阳,等.猪场废水灌溉对夏玉米生长及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013,32(1):43-47.
[6]于丹,王风,黄治平,等.猪场废水灌溉对潮土磷素肥力的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(6):103-107.
[7]李丽锋,苏芳莉,关驰,等.造纸废水灌溉对湿地土壤重金属累积影响及趋势评价[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(9):2964-2970.
[8]赵加瑞.灌溉水质对土壤质量的影响[D].西安:西北农林科技大学,2008.
[9]李春云,陈佳琦,卢佳,等.造纸废水灌溉对芦苇不同生长期土壤中氯离子的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(6):73-77.
[10]苏芳莉,周欣,陈佳琦,等.芦苇湿地生态系统对造纸废水中铅的净化研究[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(5):768-773.
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[12]龙新宪,杨肖娥,倪吾钟.重金属污染土壤修复技术研究的现状与展望[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(6):757-762.
[13]吴玉红,田霄鸿,同延安,等.基于主成分分析的土壤肥力综合指数评价[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(1):173-180.
[14]崔莉,朱玉杰,董希斌.集对分析法在大兴安岭用材林土壤养分评价中的应用[J].森林工程,2014,30(1):9-13.
[15]朱国成,朱连森.模糊数学中的最大隶属原则应用[J].沿海企业与科技,2011,18(11):11-13.
[16]杨奇勇,杨劲松,姚荣江,等.耕地土壤有机质空间变异性的随机模拟[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(12):324-329.
[17]谢锦升,杨玉盛,杨智杰,等.退化红壤植被恢复后土壤轻组有机质的季节动态[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(3):557-563.
[18]樊玉清,王秀海,孟庆生.辽河口湿地芦苇群落退化过程中土壤营养元素和含盐量变化[J].湿地科学,2013,11(1):35-40.
[19]GROFMAN P M,DRISCOLL C T,FAHEY T J,et al.Effects of mild winter freezing on soil nitrogen and carbon dynamics in a northern hardwood forest[J].Biogeochemistry,2001,56(3):215-238.
[20]张恩平,张淑红,李天来,等.钾营养对番茄丰产形态指标及产量形成的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2008,39(5):615-617
[21]郭成久,周欣,苏芳莉,等.双台河口湿地芦苇对造纸废水中重金属净化效果研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2012,43(2):206-210.
[22]刁一峰,苏芳莉,芦晓峰,等.基于芦苇湿地生态系统的去除造纸废水中N的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2011,42(3):345-348.
[2]COLLINS B S,SHARITZ R R,COUGHLIN D P.Elemental composition of native wetland plants in constructed mesocosm treatment wetlands[J].Bioresource Technology,2005,96(8):937-948.
[3]ORTEGA-LARROCEA M P,SIEBE C,ESTRADA A,et al.Mycorrhizal inoculum potential of arbuscul-ar mycorrhizal fungi in soi ls irrigated with wastewater for various lengths of time,as affected by heavy metals and available P[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2007,37(201-2):129-138.
[4]刘擎,夏江宝,贾岱,等.造纸废水灌溉对轻度盐碱芦苇湿地理化性状的影响[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(4):258-261.
[5]杜臻杰,齐学斌,樊向阳,等.猪场废水灌溉对夏玉米生长及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013,32(1):43-47.
[6]于丹,王风,黄治平,等.猪场废水灌溉对潮土磷素肥力的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(6):103-107.
[7]李丽锋,苏芳莉,关驰,等.造纸废水灌溉对湿地土壤重金属累积影响及趋势评价[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(9):2964-2970.
[8]赵加瑞.灌溉水质对土壤质量的影响[D].西安:西北农林科技大学,2008.
[9]李春云,陈佳琦,卢佳,等.造纸废水灌溉对芦苇不同生长期土壤中氯离子的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(6):73-77.
[10]苏芳莉,周欣,陈佳琦,等.芦苇湿地生态系统对造纸废水中铅的净化研究[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(5):768-773.
[11]中华人民共和国水利部.SL13-2004灌溉试验规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[12]龙新宪,杨肖娥,倪吾钟.重金属污染土壤修复技术研究的现状与展望[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(6):757-762.
[13]吴玉红,田霄鸿,同延安,等.基于主成分分析的土壤肥力综合指数评价[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(1):173-180.
[14]崔莉,朱玉杰,董希斌.集对分析法在大兴安岭用材林土壤养分评价中的应用[J].森林工程,2014,30(1):9-13.
[15]朱国成,朱连森.模糊数学中的最大隶属原则应用[J].沿海企业与科技,2011,18(11):11-13.
[16]杨奇勇,杨劲松,姚荣江,等.耕地土壤有机质空间变异性的随机模拟[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(12):324-329.
[17]谢锦升,杨玉盛,杨智杰,等.退化红壤植被恢复后土壤轻组有机质的季节动态[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(3):557-563.
[18]樊玉清,王秀海,孟庆生.辽河口湿地芦苇群落退化过程中土壤营养元素和含盐量变化[J].湿地科学,2013,11(1):35-40.
[19]GROFMAN P M,DRISCOLL C T,FAHEY T J,et al.Effects of mild winter freezing on soil nitrogen and carbon dynamics in a northern hardwood forest[J].Biogeochemistry,2001,56(3):215-238.
[20]张恩平,张淑红,李天来,等.钾营养对番茄丰产形态指标及产量形成的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2008,39(5):615-617
[21]郭成久,周欣,苏芳莉,等.双台河口湿地芦苇对造纸废水中重金属净化效果研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2012,43(2):206-210.
[22]刁一峰,苏芳莉,芦晓峰,等.基于芦苇湿地生态系统的去除造纸废水中N的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2011,42(3):345-348.