绿洲春季不同来源灌溉水土壤盐分离子分布特征
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摘要
【目的】摸清乌兰布和沙漠绿洲不同来源灌溉水土壤盐离子分布特征。【方法】对乌兰布和沙漠绿洲进行实地取样分析,研究不同来源灌溉水土壤盐分离子分布特征。【结果】不同来源灌溉水均是阳离子主要以K+、Na+、Ca2+为主,阴离子主要以HCO-3、SO2-4、Cl-为主。不同来源灌溉水土壤全盐量分布趋势基本一致,均是表层含量最高,存在表聚现象。不同的灌溉水pH值变化趋势一致,呈先增加后减小的趋势,pH值均值都是在8. 5以上。不同来源灌溉水各盐分离子均随着土层深度的增加呈先减小后增加趋势,表层含量最高,具有明显的表聚现象。Ca2+、Mg2+、K++Na+、CO2-3、Cl-、SO2-4、全盐量相互之间呈极显著正相关(P﹤0. 01); pH值与CO2-3、Cl-、SO2-4、全盐量呈极显著正相关(P﹤0. 01),与Mg2+呈显著正相关(P﹤0. 05); HCO-3与其它各离子、全盐量及p H值均呈负相关关系,其中与CO2-3呈极显著负相关(P﹤0. 01),与SO2-4、全盐量呈显著负相关(P﹤0. 05)。【结论】不同来源灌溉水土壤全盐量、pH值及各盐分离子变化趋势一致,土壤盐分运移表现为盐分表聚特性。
【Objective】This paper aimed to find out the characteristics of salt ion distribution in irrigation water from different sources in Wulanbuhe desert oasis.【Method】The distribution characteristics of different soil salt ions under different irrigation water in Ulanbuh desert oasis were investigated. 【Result】The different sources of irrigation water cationic ions were mainly K+,Na+and Ca2 +,and the anions were mainly HCO-3,SO2-4 and Cl-. The distribution trend of total salinity of irrigated water in different sources was basically consistent,with the highest surface content and table gathered phenomenon. The pH value of different irrigation water was consistent and decreased after the first increase,and the pH value was above 8. 5. The salt ions of different sources of irrigation water decreased with the increase of soil depth and then increased,with the highest surface content and obvious table clustering. There was a significantly positive correlation between Ca2 +,Mg2 +,K++ Na+,CO2-3,Cl-,SO2-4 and total salt content(P ﹤ 0. 01); The p H value had the very significantly positive correlation with the CO2-3,Cl-,SO2-4,and total salt content(P ﹤ 0. 01) and the significantly positive correlation with Mg2 +(P ﹤ 0. 05); HCO-3 had a negative correlation with other ions,total salinity and pH value,a significant negative correlation with CO2-3(P ﹤ 0. 01),and a significantly negative correlation with SO2-4 and total salinity(P ﹤ 0. 05). 【Conclusion】The changes of total salt content,pH value,and salt segregation in irrigation soils from different sources were consistent,and the movement of soil salinity shows the characteristics of surface aggregation.
【Objective】This paper aimed to find out the characteristics of salt ion distribution in irrigation water from different sources in Wulanbuhe desert oasis.【Method】The distribution characteristics of different soil salt ions under different irrigation water in Ulanbuh desert oasis were investigated. 【Result】The different sources of irrigation water cationic ions were mainly K+,Na+and Ca2 +,and the anions were mainly HCO-3,SO2-4 and Cl-. The distribution trend of total salinity of irrigated water in different sources was basically consistent,with the highest surface content and table gathered phenomenon. The pH value of different irrigation water was consistent and decreased after the first increase,and the pH value was above 8. 5. The salt ions of different sources of irrigation water decreased with the increase of soil depth and then increased,with the highest surface content and obvious table clustering. There was a significantly positive correlation between Ca2 +,Mg2 +,K++ Na+,CO2-3,Cl-,SO2-4 and total salt content(P ﹤ 0. 01); The p H value had the very significantly positive correlation with the CO2-3,Cl-,SO2-4,and total salt content(P ﹤ 0. 01) and the significantly positive correlation with Mg2 +(P ﹤ 0. 05); HCO-3 had a negative correlation with other ions,total salinity and pH value,a significant negative correlation with CO2-3(P ﹤ 0. 01),and a significantly negative correlation with SO2-4 and total salinity(P ﹤ 0. 05). 【Conclusion】The changes of total salt content,pH value,and salt segregation in irrigation soils from different sources were consistent,and the movement of soil salinity shows the characteristics of surface aggregation.
引文
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[19]刘建国,张伟,李彦斌,等.新疆绿洲棉花长期连作对土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(2):725-733.
[20]戴树桂.环境化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[21]车升国,林治安,赵秉强.咸水结冰灌溉对盐化潮土盐基离子剖面迁移规律的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(4):88-93.
[22]刘易,冯耀祖,黄建.微咸水灌溉条件下施用不同改良剂对盐渍化土壤盐分离子分布的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(1):146-152.
[23]肖振华,万洪富,郑莲芬,等.灌溉水质对土壤化学特征和作物生长的影响[J].土壤学报,1997,34(3):272-285.
[24]孙国荣,阎秀峰,李晶,等.星星草对碱化土壤化学性质的影响[J].草地报,2002,10(3):179-183.
[25]李生宇,雷加强,徐新文,等.流动沙漠地区灌溉林地盐结皮层特征的初步研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(2):41-49.
[26]郭全恩.土壤盐分离子迁移及其分异规律对环境因素的响应机制[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.
[27]刘正祥.沙枣对氯化钠和硫酸钠胁迫差异性响应的生理机制[D].北京:中国林业科学研究所,2013.
[2]张慧文,马剑英,张自文,等.地统计学在土壤科学中的应用[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2009,45(6):14-20.
[3]赵枫.新疆阿其可苏河岸土壤盐分与离子含量关系的研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(6):109-112.
[4]郝玉光,刘芳,迟悦春,等.乌兰布和沙区人工绿洲土壤盐分动态研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2009,30(2):157-160.
[5]刘霞,王丽萍,张圣微,等.内蒙古河套灌区灌排水离子组成及淋洗盐分用水量评价[J].中国生态农业学,2011,19(3):500-505.
[6]郭兰勤,杨勤科.藉河流域水土保持效益评价[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(1):139-143.
[7]邹碧莹,丁美,籍春蕾,等.江苏省丘陵山区及平原沙土区水土流失综合治理及效益评估研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(1):156-160,180.
[8]陈渠昌,张如生.水土保持综合效益定量分析方法及指标体系研究[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2007,5(2):95-104.
[9]王宏兴,王晓,杨秀英,等.多目标决策灰色关联投影法在小流域水土保持生态工程综合效益评价中的应用[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(4):43-45.
[10]彭丽,王玲,刘海隆.干旱区绿洲灌溉条件对土壤盐分分布的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):112-118.
[11]邵建荣,张凤华,董艳.干旱区微咸水滴灌条件下典型土壤盐碱化影响因素研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(6):216-221.
[12]王若水,康跃虎,万书勤,等.内陆干旱区不同灌溉制度对盐碱地滴灌土壤盐分离子分布的影响[J].土壤通报,2013,44(3):567-574.
[13]许尔琪,张红旗,许咏梅.伊犁新垦区土壤全盐量和电导率定量关系探讨[J].资源科学,2012,34(6):1119-1124.
[14]张建国,徐新文,雷加强,等.咸水滴灌下沙漠公路防护林土壤理化性质的变化[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(4):667-672.
[15]王海燕,雷相东,张会儒,等.近天然落叶松云冷杉林土壤养分特征[J].东北林业大学学报,2009(11):68-70+73.
[16]郑子成,李廷轩,何淑勤,等.保护地土壤生态问题及其防治措施的研究[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(1):18-20.
[17]李向春,李文昊,韩冬梅.绿洲区长期膜下滴灌棉田土壤盐分离子分布[J].节水灌溉,2016(7):65-69.
[18]付景丽,冯若昂,靖叔慧,等.滨海湿地土壤盐离子对植物群落的响应研究术[J].亚热带水土保持,2017,29(1):15-19.
[19]刘建国,张伟,李彦斌,等.新疆绿洲棉花长期连作对土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(2):725-733.
[20]戴树桂.环境化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[21]车升国,林治安,赵秉强.咸水结冰灌溉对盐化潮土盐基离子剖面迁移规律的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(4):88-93.
[22]刘易,冯耀祖,黄建.微咸水灌溉条件下施用不同改良剂对盐渍化土壤盐分离子分布的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(1):146-152.
[23]肖振华,万洪富,郑莲芬,等.灌溉水质对土壤化学特征和作物生长的影响[J].土壤学报,1997,34(3):272-285.
[24]孙国荣,阎秀峰,李晶,等.星星草对碱化土壤化学性质的影响[J].草地报,2002,10(3):179-183.
[25]李生宇,雷加强,徐新文,等.流动沙漠地区灌溉林地盐结皮层特征的初步研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(2):41-49.
[26]郭全恩.土壤盐分离子迁移及其分异规律对环境因素的响应机制[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.
[27]刘正祥.沙枣对氯化钠和硫酸钠胁迫差异性响应的生理机制[D].北京:中国林业科学研究所,2013.