喀纳斯泰加林火成演替群落多样性及其测度指标
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摘要
【目的】比较分析以多度、盖度和重要值作为测度指标对群落多样性测度指数值的影响,研究适用于泰加林火成演替群落多样性分析的测度指标和测度指数。【方法】以新疆喀纳斯泰加林火成演替群落为研究对象,调查8种群落类型的383个典型样方数据,分别以多度、盖度和重要值作为测度指标,选取测度群落物种丰富度、多样性、优势度和均匀度的11个指数进行分析。【结果】以重要值作为测度指标,8种群落类型的同类型物种丰富度指数值、多样性指数值、优势度指数值和均匀度指数值变化趋势相同或相近;物种均匀度对群落物种多样性的影响大于物种丰富度;Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon多样性指数和Simpson优势度指数对物种丰富度的敏感性较其它同类型指数高;McIntosh均匀度指数对物种丰富度的敏感性较其它同类型指数低。【结论】可以重要值作为喀纳斯泰加林火成演替群落的多样性测度指标,以Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和McIntosh均匀度指数作为群落多样性的测度指数。物种均匀度对喀纳斯泰加林火成演替群落物种多样性指数值的贡献要大于物种丰富度。
【Objective】 The purpose of this paper is to study the measurement indicators and indices for the community diversity analysis of pyrogenic succession in taiga by comparing the influence of abundance, coverage and important value on the community diversity indices. 【Methods】 This project chose eleven measuring indices measuring the community species abundance, species diversity, species dominance and species evenness of community to analyze pyrogenic succession communities of Kanas taiga in Xinjiang by taking the abundance, cover and important value as the measuring indicators. The eleven indices were analyzed by using investigation data of 383 typical sample plots of 8 community types. 【Results】 The variation trends of homogeneous species abundance indices, diversity indices, dominance indices and evenness indices about 8 community were the same or similar by taking the important value as the measuring indicator. For community diversity, the effect of species evenness was stronger than that of species abundance. In terms of species abundance, the sensitivity of Patrick abundance index, Shannon diversity index and Simpson dominance index was higher than that of the same type indices. But McIntosh evenness index was lower than the same type indices.【Conclusion】 In the process of studying the pyrogenic succession community diversity of Kanas taiga, the important value, Patrick abundance index, Shannon diversity index, Simpson dominance index and McIntosh evenness index can be used as a measure indices. The contribution of species evenness to the species diversity index of pyrogenic succession community in Kanas taiga is greater than that of species abundance.
【Objective】 The purpose of this paper is to study the measurement indicators and indices for the community diversity analysis of pyrogenic succession in taiga by comparing the influence of abundance, coverage and important value on the community diversity indices. 【Methods】 This project chose eleven measuring indices measuring the community species abundance, species diversity, species dominance and species evenness of community to analyze pyrogenic succession communities of Kanas taiga in Xinjiang by taking the abundance, cover and important value as the measuring indicators. The eleven indices were analyzed by using investigation data of 383 typical sample plots of 8 community types. 【Results】 The variation trends of homogeneous species abundance indices, diversity indices, dominance indices and evenness indices about 8 community were the same or similar by taking the important value as the measuring indicator. For community diversity, the effect of species evenness was stronger than that of species abundance. In terms of species abundance, the sensitivity of Patrick abundance index, Shannon diversity index and Simpson dominance index was higher than that of the same type indices. But McIntosh evenness index was lower than the same type indices.【Conclusion】 In the process of studying the pyrogenic succession community diversity of Kanas taiga, the important value, Patrick abundance index, Shannon diversity index, Simpson dominance index and McIntosh evenness index can be used as a measure indices. The contribution of species evenness to the species diversity index of pyrogenic succession community in Kanas taiga is greater than that of species abundance.
引文
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[17]Patrick,R.,& Strawbridge,D.(1963).Variation in the structure of natural diatom communities.The American Naturalist,97(892):51-57.
[18]Clifford,H.T.,Stephenson,W.(1975).An Introduction to Numerical Classification[M].London:Academic Press:65-89.
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[20] Simpson,E.H.(1972).Measurement of diversity.Journal of Cardiothoracic & Vascular Anesthesia,27(2):261.
[21]Berger,W.H.,& Parker,F.L.(1970).Diversity of planktonic foraminifera in deep-sea sediments.Science,168(3937):1,345-1,347.
[22]Pielou,E.C.(2011).An introduction to mathematical ecology.Bioscience,24(2):7-12.
[23]陈梦,刘恩斌.生物多样性熵值测度指标的应用与分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,29(1):37-40.CHEN Meng,LIU En-bin.(2005).Analyses on assessment index of biodiversity [J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Ed.),29(1):37-40.(in Chinese)
[24]陈廷贵,张金屯.十五个物种多样性指数的比较研究[J].河南科学,1999,17(1):62-64.CHEN Ting-gui,ZHANG Jin-tun.(2017).A comparison of fifteen species diversity indices [J].Henan Science,17(1):62-64.(in Chinese)
[25]许晴,张放,许中旗,等.Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数若干特征的分析及"稀释效应"[J].草业科学,2011,28(4):527-531.XU Qing,ZHANG Fang,XU Zhong-qi,et al.(2011).Some characteristics of Simpson index and the Shannon-Wiener index and their dilution effect [J].Pratacultural Science,28(4):527-531.(in Chinese)
[26]吴昊.不同类型群落物种多样性指数的比较研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(5):84-89.WU Hao.(2015).Comparative study of species diversity index of different types communities [J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology,35(5):84-89.(in Chinese)
[27]彭少麟,王伯荪.鼎湖山森林群落分析Ⅰ.物种多样性[J].生态科学,1983,1(1):11-17.PENG Shao-lin,WANG Bo-sun.(1983).Analysis on the forest community of Dinghushan I.species diversity [J].Ecological science,1(1):11-17.(in Chinese)
[28]李新荣.莫斯科州针阔混交林带森林群落的灌木层结构分析[J].植物学通报,1997,14(S1):40-48.LI Xin-rong.(1997).Analysis community of shrub layer in different communities in the spruce-broad-leaved mixed geobotanical zone of Moscow state [J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,14(S1):40-48.(in Chinese)
[2]Hurlbert,S.H.(1971).The nonconcept of species diversity:a critique and alternative parameters.Ecology,52(4):577-586.
[3]陈灵芝.中国的生物多样性[M].北京:科学出版社,1993:112-156.CHEN Ling-zhi.(1993).China's Biological Diversity [M].Beijing:Science Publishing House:112-156.(in Chinese)
[4]刘翠玲,潘存德,吴晓勇,等.新疆喀纳斯旅游区树种多样性垂直格局与自然火干扰[J].生态学报,2009,29(8):4 157- 4 162.LIU Cui-ling,PAN Cun-de,WU Xiao-yong,et al.(2009).Altitudinal pattern of species richness of tree and effect of natural fire disturbance in Kanas Tourism District,Xinjiang [J].Acta Ecological Sinica,29(8):4,157- 4,162.(in Chinese)
[5]Whittaker,R.H.(1972).Evolution and measurement of species diversity.Taxon,21(2-3):213-251.
[6]Pielou,E.C.,& Levandowsky,M.(1975).Ecological diversity.Quarterly Review of Biology.
[7]黄忠良,孔国辉,何道泉.鼎湖山植物群落多样性的研究[J].生态学报,2000,20(2):193-198.HUANG Zhong-liang,KONG Guo-hui,HE Dao-quan.(2000).Plant community diversity in Dinghushan Nature Reserve [J].Acta Ecological Sinica,20(2):193-198.(in Chinese)
[8]张金屯.数量生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:89-90.ZHANG Jin-tun.(2004).Quantitative Ecology [M].Beijing:Science Publishing House:89-90.(in Chinese)
[9]Grubb,P.J.(1997).The maintenance of species‐richness in plant communities:the importance of the regeneration niche.Biological Reviews,52(4):107-145.
[10]Pielou,E.C.(1966).Species-diversity and pattern-diversity in the study of ecological succession.Journal of Theoretical Biology,10(2):370-383.
[11]Whittaker,R.H.(1965).Dominance and diversity in land plant communities:numerical relations of species express the importance of competition in community function and evolution.Science,147:250-260.
[12]Porter,J.W.(1972).Patterns of species?diversity in Caribbean reef corals.Ecology,5(1):52-76.
[13]马克平,黄建辉,于顺利,等.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究Ⅱ丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数[J].生态学报,1995,15(3):268-277.MA Ke-ping,HUANG Jian-hui,YU Shun-li,et al.(1995).Plant community diversity in Dongling mountain,Beijing,China:Ⅱ.species richness,evenness and species diversities[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,15(3):268-277.(in Chinese).
[14]张林静,岳明,赵桂仿,等.新疆阜康地区植物群落物种多样性及其测度指标的比较[J].西北植物学报,2002,22(2):142- 150.ZHANG Lin-jing,YUE Ming,ZHAO Gui-fang,et al.(2002).Plant community species diversity on oasis-desert ecotone in Fukang of Xinjiang and comparison of its measurement [J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,22(2):142-150.(in Chinese)
[15]晋瑜,潘存德,王梅,等.荒漠植物群落物种多样性及其测度指标比较[J].干旱区地理,2005,28(1):113-119.JIN Yu,PAN Cun-de,WANG Mei,et al.(2005).Plant community species diversity and comparison of its Indices in arid desert land [J].Arid Land Geography,28(1):113-119.(in Chinese)
[16]马淑琴,薛正伟,杨丽丽,等.塔里木荒漠河岸林异质生境物种多样性比较与其测度指标筛选及评价[J].植物研究,2017,37(6):961-969.MA Shu-qin,XUE Zheng-wei,YANG Li-li,et al.(2017).Comparison of species diversity under heterogeneous habitats,determination and evaluation of diversity indices of desert riparian forest community in Tarim Basin [J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,37(6):961-969.(in Chinese)
[17]Patrick,R.,& Strawbridge,D.(1963).Variation in the structure of natural diatom communities.The American Naturalist,97(892):51-57.
[18]Clifford,H.T.,Stephenson,W.(1975).An Introduction to Numerical Classification[M].London:Academic Press:65-89.
[19]Magurran,A.E.(1988).Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement [M].New Jersey:Princeton University Press:26-32.
[20] Simpson,E.H.(1972).Measurement of diversity.Journal of Cardiothoracic & Vascular Anesthesia,27(2):261.
[21]Berger,W.H.,& Parker,F.L.(1970).Diversity of planktonic foraminifera in deep-sea sediments.Science,168(3937):1,345-1,347.
[22]Pielou,E.C.(2011).An introduction to mathematical ecology.Bioscience,24(2):7-12.
[23]陈梦,刘恩斌.生物多样性熵值测度指标的应用与分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,29(1):37-40.CHEN Meng,LIU En-bin.(2005).Analyses on assessment index of biodiversity [J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Ed.),29(1):37-40.(in Chinese)
[24]陈廷贵,张金屯.十五个物种多样性指数的比较研究[J].河南科学,1999,17(1):62-64.CHEN Ting-gui,ZHANG Jin-tun.(2017).A comparison of fifteen species diversity indices [J].Henan Science,17(1):62-64.(in Chinese)
[25]许晴,张放,许中旗,等.Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数若干特征的分析及"稀释效应"[J].草业科学,2011,28(4):527-531.XU Qing,ZHANG Fang,XU Zhong-qi,et al.(2011).Some characteristics of Simpson index and the Shannon-Wiener index and their dilution effect [J].Pratacultural Science,28(4):527-531.(in Chinese)
[26]吴昊.不同类型群落物种多样性指数的比较研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(5):84-89.WU Hao.(2015).Comparative study of species diversity index of different types communities [J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology,35(5):84-89.(in Chinese)
[27]彭少麟,王伯荪.鼎湖山森林群落分析Ⅰ.物种多样性[J].生态科学,1983,1(1):11-17.PENG Shao-lin,WANG Bo-sun.(1983).Analysis on the forest community of Dinghushan I.species diversity [J].Ecological science,1(1):11-17.(in Chinese)
[28]李新荣.莫斯科州针阔混交林带森林群落的灌木层结构分析[J].植物学通报,1997,14(S1):40-48.LI Xin-rong.(1997).Analysis community of shrub layer in different communities in the spruce-broad-leaved mixed geobotanical zone of Moscow state [J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,14(S1):40-48.(in Chinese)