盐穴收缩引起的地表下沉监测与预计
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摘要
岩盐水溶开采后,形成巨大空间的盐穴,可以利用盐穴存储石油、天然气。盐穴的收缩将引起盐穴容积减少,导致存储空间减少和地表下沉。地表移动变形监测是发现盐穴收缩变化的重要手段,由于目前国内没有专门的监测标准,本文提出采用国家标准GB 50026—2007作为测量规范。基于岩盐水溶开采与地下煤层开采引起地表移动规律基本相似,把盐穴收缩引起的地表下沉视作一个随机过程,把圆柱形盐穴容积收缩量转换为等效开采厚度和正方形开采区域,基于克诺特影响函数,建立了圆柱形盐穴收缩引起的地表下沉预计模型。
When the halite is mined by water soluble,an enormous salt cavern is formed.It can be used to store petroleum and natural gas. The shrink of salt cavern causes volume reducing,storage space decreasing and surface subsidence. The monitoring of surface movement and deformation is an significant way to find out the shrinkage change of salt cavern.There is not special monitoring standard in China,national standard GB 50026—2007 should be adopted.Surface movement law of halite water soluble mining is mostly similar to underground coal mining,the salt cavern shrinkage is as a random process,volume shrinkage as equivalent mining thickness,cylinder salt cavern as equivalent cube.Based on Knothe influence function,the prediction model is established by cylinder salt cavern shrinkage.
When the halite is mined by water soluble,an enormous salt cavern is formed.It can be used to store petroleum and natural gas. The shrink of salt cavern causes volume reducing,storage space decreasing and surface subsidence. The monitoring of surface movement and deformation is an significant way to find out the shrinkage change of salt cavern.There is not special monitoring standard in China,national standard GB 50026—2007 should be adopted.Surface movement law of halite water soluble mining is mostly similar to underground coal mining,the salt cavern shrinkage is as a random process,volume shrinkage as equivalent mining thickness,cylinder salt cavern as equivalent cube.Based on Knothe influence function,the prediction model is established by cylinder salt cavern shrinkage.
引文
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[2]宋桂华,李国韬,温庆河,等.世界盐穴应用历史回顾与展望[J].天然气工业,2004(9):116-118.
[3]屈丹安,杨春和,任松.金坛盐穴地下储气库地表沉降预测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(S1):2705-2711.
[4]肖学兰.地下储气库建设技术研究现状及建议[J].天然气工业,2012,32(2):79-82,120.
[5]李建君,王立东,刘春,等.金坛盐穴储气库腔体畸变影响因素[J].油气储运,2014,33(3):269-273.
[6]KRATZSCH H.Bergschadenkunde(5.Auflage)[M].Bochum:Deutscher Markscheider-Verein,2008:38-40.
[7]姜岩,张倬锋,王奉斌.岩盐水溶开采地表移动与变形监测[J].中国盐业,2011,144(9):24-28.
[8]徐爱功,杨帆,杨伦,等.西气东输工程盐穴储气库建设中的测量问题探讨[J].测绘科学,2007(2):116-117,159.
[9]马振和.盐穴矿区的测量工作[J].中国盐业,2011,141(6):10-13.
[10]钱建国,林文杰,马振和.关于建立我国盐穴平面制图体系的探讨[J].测绘工程,2014(3):15-17.
[11]中国有色金属工业协会.工程测量规范:GB 50026—2007[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2008.
[12]BREST P,BROUARD B.Safety of Salt Caverns Used for Underground Storage[J].Oil&Gas Science and Technology,2003,58(3):361-384.
[13]PALLMANN H.Horizontale Punktbewegungen aus Messungen ueber Salzkavernen[J].Markscheidewesen,1990,97(1):373-377.
[14]PALLMANN H.Markscheiderische Probleme bei der Bearbetung von Oelkavernen[J].Markscheidewesen,1984,91(2):375-382.
[15]何国清,杨伦,凌赓娣,等.矿山开采沉陷学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1991:129.