植物皮类中药现代文献研究
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摘要
植物皮类中药在中医临床应用广泛,为探寻此类药物的药性特点,笔者对《中华本草》进行梳理,筛选出604味药物;对其进行分析,发现:此类药物分布在100个科属中,其中樟科和五加科数量最多;药用部位最多者为树皮,其后依次为根皮、茎皮、果皮、种皮、假种皮。四气属性以温性药物数量最多,其次为平性、凉性、寒性和热性。五味分析中味苦者最多,其次是辛味、甘味、酸味、咸味。在有归经记载的药物中,归肝经的药物占比最大,其后依次是归脾、胃、肾、大肠经。有毒药物64味,占比10.6%。可外用的药物418味,占比69.2%。现代研究表明:植物皮类中药多含生物碱、挥发油、黄酮、三萜、酚类化合物等化学成分,具有抗菌、抗炎、抗病毒,抗肿瘤,抗氧化,调节心血管系统、免疫系统、消化系统功能等药理作用,广泛用于眼科、皮肤科、妇科以及呼吸和消化等系统疾病的治疗。
The plant skin type of traditional Chinese medicine is widely used in clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine. In order to explore the medicinal properties of these medicine,the author combs the Chinese Materia Medica and screens out 604 medicine. After analyzing them,it is found out that the medicine is distributed in 100 families and the largest numbers are in the families of Lauraceae and Araliaceae. It is also found out that the medicinal parts are mainly in the barks,followed by the root barks,stem barks,fruit peels,seed coats and arils. For the medicinal properties of the four natures of the medicine most of them are warm,followed by peaceful,cool,cold and hot. For the five flavors of the medicine most of them are bitter,followed by pungent,sweet,sour,and salty. Among the medicine that that has been distributed to the channel tropism,the medicine that is distributed to the liver channel has the largest proportion,followed by spleen channel,stomach channel,kidney channel and large intestine channel. There are 64 poisonous medicine,accounting for 10.6%. There are 418 medicine that can be used for external use,accounting for 69.2%. Modern research shows that the plant skin type of traditional Chinese usually contains many chemical constituents such as alkaloids,volatile oils,flavones,triterpene and phenolic compounds. The medicine has the pharmacological effects as antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,anti-viral,anti-tumor,anti-oxidation,cardiovascular regulation,immune system regulation and digestive system regulation. The medicine is widely used in the treatment of the diseases about ophthalmology,dermatology,gynecology,respiratory system and digestive system.
The plant skin type of traditional Chinese medicine is widely used in clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine. In order to explore the medicinal properties of these medicine,the author combs the Chinese Materia Medica and screens out 604 medicine. After analyzing them,it is found out that the medicine is distributed in 100 families and the largest numbers are in the families of Lauraceae and Araliaceae. It is also found out that the medicinal parts are mainly in the barks,followed by the root barks,stem barks,fruit peels,seed coats and arils. For the medicinal properties of the four natures of the medicine most of them are warm,followed by peaceful,cool,cold and hot. For the five flavors of the medicine most of them are bitter,followed by pungent,sweet,sour,and salty. Among the medicine that that has been distributed to the channel tropism,the medicine that is distributed to the liver channel has the largest proportion,followed by spleen channel,stomach channel,kidney channel and large intestine channel. There are 64 poisonous medicine,accounting for 10.6%. There are 418 medicine that can be used for external use,accounting for 69.2%. Modern research shows that the plant skin type of traditional Chinese usually contains many chemical constituents such as alkaloids,volatile oils,flavones,triterpene and phenolic compounds. The medicine has the pharmacological effects as antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,anti-viral,anti-tumor,anti-oxidation,cardiovascular regulation,immune system regulation and digestive system regulation. The medicine is widely used in the treatment of the diseases about ophthalmology,dermatology,gynecology,respiratory system and digestive system.
引文
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[5]Keqin XU,Gongxiu HE,Jieming QIN,et al. High-efficient extractionofprincipalmedicinalcomponentsfromfresh Phellodendron bark(cortex phellodendri)[J]. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences,2018,25(4):811-815.
[6]Mélanie POIVRE,Pierre DUEZ. Biological activity and toxicity of the Chinese herb Magnolia officinalis Rehder&E. Wilson(Houpo)and its constituents[J].Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine&Biotechnology),2017,18(3):194-214.
[7]吴存恩,王瑞平,滕钰浩.肉桂活性成分及抗肿瘤作用研究进展[J].时珍国医国药,2015,26(8):1985-1987.
[8]王坚,王刚.源于重庆产大红袍红橘的陈皮挥发油成分研究[J].中国药房,2012,23(39):3717-3720.
[9]李春英,姜海霞,张晶,等.地骨皮中有效成分的提取及其降血糖调血脂作用研究[J].中国林副特产,2014(4):27-29.
[10]张帅男,李煦照.杜仲化学成分及药理作用研究进展[J].中国民族民间医药,2017,26(10):56-61.
[11]李岳洋,杨二万,杨鑫,等.苦楝皮化学成分的研究[J].中南药学,2018(3):310-313.
[12]彭喻嫄,梁敬钰,冯锋.救必应的研究进展[J].海峡药学,2014,26(12):4-8.
[13]Ren-Yi YAN,Hong-Liang LIU,Jian-Yong ZHANG,et al.Phenolic glycosides and other constituents from the bark of Magnolia officinalis[J]. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research,2014,16(4):400-405.
[14]Chaoni XIAO,Man WU,Yongyong CHEN,et al. Revealing Metabolomic Variations in Cortex Moutan from different root parts using HPLC-MS method[J]. Phytochemical Analysis,2015,26(1):86-93.
[15]钟赣生.中药学[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2012.
[16]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典(一部)[S]. 2015版.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015.
[17]李雪萍.臭椿皮提取物体内抗肿瘤作用的实验研究[J].甘肃科学学报,2003(4):124-125.
[18]赵立春.响应曲面法用于救必应等三种药材高效提取及其提取物的药理活性研究[D].保定:河北大学,2013.
[19]康如龙,刘倩,苏小建,等.冬瓜皮提取物抗氧化性活性的研究[J].食品科技,2013,38(3):218-222.
[20]李艳,苗明三.肉桂的化学、药理及应用特点[J].中医学报,2015,30(9):1335-1337.
[21]董宏坡,江明树,朱伟杰.化橘红多糖对小鼠的免疫调节作用[J].中成药,2010,32(3):491-493.
[22]郭强.厚朴与厚朴花现代药理与临床新用分析[J].中国卫生标准管理,2014,5(16):31-32.
[23]张仁俊.实用眼科药物学[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2015.
[24]龙声志,吴贤波.“以皮治皮”理论源流及研究进展[J].中医杂志,2017,58(24):2147-2150.
[25]高丽萍,王长凤.丹皮方与不孕症[J].吉林中医药,2001(1):30.
[26]王丹青,董晓霞,李巧玲.乳腺增生胶囊的制备与临床应用[J].陕西中医,2001(12):760.
[27]麦景标.椿皮的化学成分研究[D].成都:成都中医药大学,2012.
[28]宋海波,李建香,杨来启,等.瓜蒌散加味治疗乳腺囊性增生136例[J].陕西中医,2001(3):145.
[29]彭欣,张少华.中药方剂学[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,2005.
[30]朱蕴菡.岭南中药化橘红研究进展[J].亚太传统医药,2016,12(24):62-63.
[31]董素云,周玉来,周芳.厚朴温中汤治疗功能性消化不良疗效观察[J].实用中医药杂志,2010,26(10):677.
[32]杨丽平,占永立.水肿从肺论治文献探微[J].中国中西医结合肾病杂志,2013,14(3):281-282.
[2]严永清,吴建新.药物的苦味与归经、作用及化学成分的关系[J].现代应用药学,1987(5):11-15.
[3]郭建生,盛展能,李钟文.中药辛味的药性理论研讨[J].湖南中医学院学报,1982(3):69-81.
[4]朱艳玲.《中华本草》归肝经药物性效规律文献研究[D].济南:山东中医药大学,2011.
[5]Keqin XU,Gongxiu HE,Jieming QIN,et al. High-efficient extractionofprincipalmedicinalcomponentsfromfresh Phellodendron bark(cortex phellodendri)[J]. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences,2018,25(4):811-815.
[6]Mélanie POIVRE,Pierre DUEZ. Biological activity and toxicity of the Chinese herb Magnolia officinalis Rehder&E. Wilson(Houpo)and its constituents[J].Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine&Biotechnology),2017,18(3):194-214.
[7]吴存恩,王瑞平,滕钰浩.肉桂活性成分及抗肿瘤作用研究进展[J].时珍国医国药,2015,26(8):1985-1987.
[8]王坚,王刚.源于重庆产大红袍红橘的陈皮挥发油成分研究[J].中国药房,2012,23(39):3717-3720.
[9]李春英,姜海霞,张晶,等.地骨皮中有效成分的提取及其降血糖调血脂作用研究[J].中国林副特产,2014(4):27-29.
[10]张帅男,李煦照.杜仲化学成分及药理作用研究进展[J].中国民族民间医药,2017,26(10):56-61.
[11]李岳洋,杨二万,杨鑫,等.苦楝皮化学成分的研究[J].中南药学,2018(3):310-313.
[12]彭喻嫄,梁敬钰,冯锋.救必应的研究进展[J].海峡药学,2014,26(12):4-8.
[13]Ren-Yi YAN,Hong-Liang LIU,Jian-Yong ZHANG,et al.Phenolic glycosides and other constituents from the bark of Magnolia officinalis[J]. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research,2014,16(4):400-405.
[14]Chaoni XIAO,Man WU,Yongyong CHEN,et al. Revealing Metabolomic Variations in Cortex Moutan from different root parts using HPLC-MS method[J]. Phytochemical Analysis,2015,26(1):86-93.
[15]钟赣生.中药学[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2012.
[16]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典(一部)[S]. 2015版.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015.
[17]李雪萍.臭椿皮提取物体内抗肿瘤作用的实验研究[J].甘肃科学学报,2003(4):124-125.
[18]赵立春.响应曲面法用于救必应等三种药材高效提取及其提取物的药理活性研究[D].保定:河北大学,2013.
[19]康如龙,刘倩,苏小建,等.冬瓜皮提取物抗氧化性活性的研究[J].食品科技,2013,38(3):218-222.
[20]李艳,苗明三.肉桂的化学、药理及应用特点[J].中医学报,2015,30(9):1335-1337.
[21]董宏坡,江明树,朱伟杰.化橘红多糖对小鼠的免疫调节作用[J].中成药,2010,32(3):491-493.
[22]郭强.厚朴与厚朴花现代药理与临床新用分析[J].中国卫生标准管理,2014,5(16):31-32.
[23]张仁俊.实用眼科药物学[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2015.
[24]龙声志,吴贤波.“以皮治皮”理论源流及研究进展[J].中医杂志,2017,58(24):2147-2150.
[25]高丽萍,王长凤.丹皮方与不孕症[J].吉林中医药,2001(1):30.
[26]王丹青,董晓霞,李巧玲.乳腺增生胶囊的制备与临床应用[J].陕西中医,2001(12):760.
[27]麦景标.椿皮的化学成分研究[D].成都:成都中医药大学,2012.
[28]宋海波,李建香,杨来启,等.瓜蒌散加味治疗乳腺囊性增生136例[J].陕西中医,2001(3):145.
[29]彭欣,张少华.中药方剂学[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,2005.
[30]朱蕴菡.岭南中药化橘红研究进展[J].亚太传统医药,2016,12(24):62-63.
[31]董素云,周玉来,周芳.厚朴温中汤治疗功能性消化不良疗效观察[J].实用中医药杂志,2010,26(10):677.
[32]杨丽平,占永立.水肿从肺论治文献探微[J].中国中西医结合肾病杂志,2013,14(3):281-282.