不同降水条件下科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿和盐蒿的水分利用动态
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摘要
植物水分来源的判定是干旱半干旱区土壤-植物水分关系研究的重要方面,有助于理解沙地植物对干旱环境的适应机制。该文研究了不同降水条件下科尔沁沙地典型灌木小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)和盐蒿(Artemisia halodendron)的水分利用过程。试验采用增减雨装置模拟自然降水方法,设置增雨(+50%)、对照和减雨(–50%)3个处理,利用稳定性同位素技术测量了两种植物木质部水、降水、0–120 cm不同土层土壤水的稳定氢同位素比率(δD)和稳定氧同位素比率(δ~(18)O)值,最后利用Iso Source模型计算了两种灌木对潜在水源的利用比例。结果表明:1)增减雨处理主要影响表层(0–30 cm)土壤水分,增雨处理显著提高了两种灌木地上和地下生物量,且δ~(18)O值随土壤深度增加而降低;而减雨处理δ~(18)O值随土壤深度增加而降低的趋势更加明显;2)在增雨处理下,盐蒿增加了对浅层0–40 cm土壤水的利用比例,而小叶锦鸡儿对各土层水分的利用程度较为平均;在减雨处理下,由于表层土壤含水量较低,两种植物均提高了对深层土壤水的利用比例,其中盐蒿主要用水层次为60–80 cm,而小叶锦鸡儿为60–120 cm;3)就不同降水季节而言,湿季(5–6月)由于降水迅速补给浅层土壤水分,两种植物主要利用0–60 cm的土壤水;旱季(9月)由于降水偏少,小叶锦鸡儿对浅层水分利用急剧减少,转而利用更深层次的土壤水分;而盐蒿对各层次水分利用程度较为均匀。由此可见,同小叶锦鸡儿相比,盐蒿具有更强的抗旱能力及适应性。
Aims The determination of the source of plant water is an important research on the plant-water relationship in arid and semiarid regions and helps to understand the adaptation strategy of desert species to the dry environment. Plant water use pattern affects plant community composition and ecosystem water budget. This study aims to investigate the water use patterns of Caragana microphylla and Artemisia halodendron, two typical shrub species, under altered rainfall conditions in Horqin Sandy Land. Methods Water treatments include ambient rainfall(natural rainfall), 50% increase in rainfall(enhanced rainfall) and 50% decrease in rainfall(reduced rainfall) by artificially intercepting and redistributing natural rainfall. Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios(δD and δ~(18) O) were measured for xylem water, rainfall, and soil water in different soil layers(0–120 cm depth). The possible ranges of potential water sources used by C. microphylla and A. halodendron were calculated using the IsoS ource model. Important findings 1) Alteration of ambient rainfall mainly affected the soil water condition in the shallow soil(0–30 cm). Increase in rainfall significantly increased the above-and below-ground biomass, and δ~(18) O values ofsoil water declined with soil depth. 2) Under the enhanced rainfall treatment, A. halodendron mainly used the soil water in the shallow soil(0–40 cm) and C. microphylla was able to extract water from multiple soil layers. Under the reduced rainfall treatment, both species increasingly relied on extracting water from deeper soil layers, 60–80 cm for A. halodendron and 60–120 cm for C. microphylla. 3) For the natural rainfall treatment, in the wet season, the upper soil water was recharged by rainfall, C. microphylla and A. halodendron extract the shallow soil water(0–60 cm). However, in the dry season, soil water content was dramatically reduced, and main water sources for C. microphylla shifted from topsoil to deeper soil, and A. halodendron can use multiple layers of soil water. In summary, A. halodendron is more capable of exploring deeper soil moisture under reduced rainfall in comparison with C. microphylla, and is likely to be more adaptive to this water-limiting desert environment.
Aims The determination of the source of plant water is an important research on the plant-water relationship in arid and semiarid regions and helps to understand the adaptation strategy of desert species to the dry environment. Plant water use pattern affects plant community composition and ecosystem water budget. This study aims to investigate the water use patterns of Caragana microphylla and Artemisia halodendron, two typical shrub species, under altered rainfall conditions in Horqin Sandy Land. Methods Water treatments include ambient rainfall(natural rainfall), 50% increase in rainfall(enhanced rainfall) and 50% decrease in rainfall(reduced rainfall) by artificially intercepting and redistributing natural rainfall. Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios(δD and δ~(18) O) were measured for xylem water, rainfall, and soil water in different soil layers(0–120 cm depth). The possible ranges of potential water sources used by C. microphylla and A. halodendron were calculated using the IsoS ource model. Important findings 1) Alteration of ambient rainfall mainly affected the soil water condition in the shallow soil(0–30 cm). Increase in rainfall significantly increased the above-and below-ground biomass, and δ~(18) O values ofsoil water declined with soil depth. 2) Under the enhanced rainfall treatment, A. halodendron mainly used the soil water in the shallow soil(0–40 cm) and C. microphylla was able to extract water from multiple soil layers. Under the reduced rainfall treatment, both species increasingly relied on extracting water from deeper soil layers, 60–80 cm for A. halodendron and 60–120 cm for C. microphylla. 3) For the natural rainfall treatment, in the wet season, the upper soil water was recharged by rainfall, C. microphylla and A. halodendron extract the shallow soil water(0–60 cm). However, in the dry season, soil water content was dramatically reduced, and main water sources for C. microphylla shifted from topsoil to deeper soil, and A. halodendron can use multiple layers of soil water. In summary, A. halodendron is more capable of exploring deeper soil moisture under reduced rainfall in comparison with C. microphylla, and is likely to be more adaptive to this water-limiting desert environment.
引文
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Li YF,Yu JJ,Lu K,Wang P,Zhang YC(2017).Water sources of Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima in Ejina Delta,the lower reaches of the Heihe River,China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,41,519-528.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李亚飞,于静洁,陆凯,王平,张一驰(2017).额济纳三角洲胡杨和多枝柽柳水分来源解析.植物生态学报,41,519-528.]
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Cheng XB,Wu J,Han SJ,Zhou YM,Wang XX(2011).Effects of decreased rainfall on Quercus mongolica leaf ecophysiological characteristics.Chinese Journal of Ecology,30,1908-1914.(in Chinese with English abstract)[程徐冰,吴军,韩士杰,周玉梅,王秀秀(2011).减少降水对长白山蒙古栎叶片生理生态特性的影响.生态学杂志,30,1908-1914.]
Chimner RA,Cooper DJ(2004).Using stable oxygen isotopes to quantify the water source used for transpiration by native shrubs in the San Luis Valley,Colorado USA.Plant and Soil,260,225-236.
Dai Y,Zheng XJ,Tang LS,Li Y(2014).Dynamics of water usage in Haloxylon ammodendron in the southern edge of the Gurbantünggüt Desert.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,38,1214-1225.(in Chinese with English abstract)[戴岳,郑新军,唐立松,李彦(2014).古尔班通古特沙漠南缘梭梭水分利用动态.植物生态学报,38,1214-1225.]
Dawson TE,Mambelli S,Plamboeck AH(2002).Stable isotopes in plant ecology.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,33,507-559.
Dodd MB,Lauenroth WK,Welker JM(1998).Differential water resource use by herbaceous and woody plant life forms in a shortgrass steppe community.Oecologia,117,504-512.
Du XL,Wang SJ(2011).Recent advances of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic techniques in plant water use strategy.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,27(22),5-10.(in Chinese with English abstract)[杜雪莲,王世杰(2011).稳定性氢氧同位素在植物用水策略中的研究进展.中国农学通报,27(22),5-10.]
Duan DY,Ouyang H,Song MH(2008).Water sources of dominant species in three alpine ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau,China.Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,50,257-264.
Dunne JA,Harte J,Taylor KJ(2003).Subalpine meadow flowering phenology responses to climate change:Integrating experimental and gradient methods.Ecological Monographs,73,69-86.
Ehleringer JR,Dawson TE(1992).Water uptake by plants:Perspectives from stable isotope composition.Plant,Cell&Environment,15,1073-1082.
Flanagan LB,Ehleringer JR(1992).Differential uptake of summer precipitation among co-occurring trees and shrubs in a pinyon-juniper woodland.Plant,Cell&Environment,15,831-836.
Groisman PY,Karl TR,Easterling DR(1999).Changes in the probability of heavy precipitation:Important indicators of climatic change.Climatic Change,42,243-283.
Knapp AK,Briggs JM,Koelliker JK(2001).Frequency and extent of water limitation to primary production in a mesic temperate grassland.Ecosystems,4,19-28.
Li KF,Luo YY,Zhang HL,She HY(2012).The relations between root distribution of Artemisia halodendron and soil water in Horqin.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,26(8),167-171.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李凯锋,罗于洋,张海龙,折红燕(2012).科尔沁差巴嘎蒿根系分布规律与土壤水分关系的研究.干旱区资源与环境,26(8),167-171.]
Li XY(2012).Coupling,respond and adaptation of soil-plant water in arid areas in arid area.Science China:Earth Science,41,1721-1730.(in Chinese)[李小雁(2012).干旱地区土壤-植被-水文耦合,响应与适应机制.中国科学:地球科学,41,1721-1730.]
Li XY,Zhang SY,Peng HY(2013).Soil water and temperature dynamics in shrub-encroached grasslands and climatic implications:Results from Inner Mongolia steppe ecosystem of north China.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,171-172,20-30.
Li YF,Yu JJ,Lu K,Wang P,Zhang YC(2017).Water sources of Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima in Ejina Delta,the lower reaches of the Heihe River,China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,41,519-528.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李亚飞,于静洁,陆凯,王平,张一驰(2017).额济纳三角洲胡杨和多枝柽柳水分来源解析.植物生态学报,41,519-528.]
Lin GH,Phillips SL,Ehleringer JR(1996).Monsoonal precipitation responses of shrubs in a cold desert community on the Colorado Plateau.Oecologia,106,8-17.
Liu K,Gao L,Peng XH,Zhang ZB(2015).Spatio-temporal variability of soil moisture in Horqin sandy land.Soils,47,765-772.(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘凯,高磊,彭新华,张中彬(2015).半干旱区科尔沁沙地土壤水分时空特征研究.土壤,47,765-772.]
Liu SG,Piao SJ,An MZ,Liu F(2003).Distribution dynamics of Artemisia halodendron absorbent roots in different kinds of sandy land.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,27,684-689.(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘士刚,朴顺姬,安卯柱,刘芳(2003).不同类型沙地上差不嘎蒿细根的分布状态.植物生态学报,27,684-689.]
Ma CC,Gao YB,Jiang FQ,Wang JL,Guo HY,Wu JB,Su D(2004).The comparison studies of ecological and water regulation characteristics of Caragana microphylla and Caragana stenophylla.Acta Ecologica Sinica,24,1442-1451.(in Chinese with English abstract)[马成仓,高玉葆,蒋福全,王金龙,郭宏宇,吴建波,苏丹(2004).小叶锦鸡儿和狭叶锦鸡儿的生态和水分调节特性比较研究.生态学报,24,1442-1451.]
Meehl GA,Arblaster JM,Tebaldi C(2005).Understanding future patterns of increased precipitation intensity in climate model simulations.Geophysical Research Letters,32,109-127.
Niu H,Li HP,Zhao ML,Han X,Dong XH(2008).Relationship between soil water content and vertical distribution of root system under different ground water gradients in Maowusu Sandy Land.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,22,157-163.(in Chinese with English abstract)[牛海,李和平,赵萌莉,韩雄,董晓红(2008).毛乌素沙地不同水分梯度根系垂直分布与土壤水分关系的研究.干旱区资源与环境,22,157-163.]
Phillips DL,Gregg JW(2003).Source partitioning using stable isotopes:Coping with too many sources.Oecologia,136,261-269.
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