计划生育二胎妇女孕前妊娠压力及个体应对方式调查
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摘要
目的:调查分析计划妊娠二胎妇女的妊娠压力现状及个体应对方式。方法:选取2018年1月—6月本院门诊计划二胎的经产妇594名作为研究对象,自制调查问卷调查妇女的基本情况,妊娠压力量表(PPS)调查妊娠压力,压力反应问卷(SRQ)和特质应对问卷(CSQ)调查个体应对方式,分析妊娠压力、压力反应与个体应对方式关系。结果:计划妊娠二胎妇女的PPS评分为(21.3±7.6)分,得分系数为23.7%;SRQ评分为(56.3±12.3)分,得分系数为47.3%;CSQ中消极应对和积极评分分别为(25.3±8.7)分、(34.6±9.1),得分系数分别为50.6%、57.7%。母子健康与安全压力、产后体型改变是主要压力来源。除"父母角色压力"外,SRQ、消极应对评分与PPS问卷各维度评分呈正相关性(P<0.05),而积极应对与PPS问卷各维度评分呈负相关性(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,压力反应和消极应对是妊娠压力的危险因素,而积极应对方式是其保护因素(P<0.05)。结论:计划妊娠二胎妇女普遍存在轻度妊娠压力,且与压力反应、个体应对方式密切相关,积极应对以缓解妊娠压力。
Objective: To explore the stress status and coping strategies of women who wanted the second child. Methods:A total of 594 pluripara who wanted the second child from outpatient of hospital were selected from January to June 2018, and they were surveyed on their basically situations by questionnaire self-designed, and the pregnancy pressure scale(PPS) was used to evaluate the pregnancy stress, the stress reaction questionnaire(SRQ) and coping style questionnaire(CSQ) were used to evaluate the coping strategies of included women. The relationship between the pregnancy stress, stress reaction and coping strategies were analyzed. Results: The score of PPS of the women was(21.3±7.6)points, and which scoring coefficient was 23.7%.The score of SRQ was(56.3±12.3)points, and which scoring coefficient was 47.3%. The scores of negative response and positive score by CSQ were( 25.3±8.7)points and(34.63±9.14)points, which scoring coefficients were 50.6% and 57.7%, respectively. The main source of stress of women were the pressure of maternal and child health and safety, and pressure of postpartum body shape change. In addition to"the pressure of parental role", the score of SRQ and negative coping strategies was positively correlated with the score of the PPS, while the score of positive coping strategies was negatively correlated with the score of the PPS(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that stress response and negative coping were risk factors for pregnancy stress, while positive coping style was the protective factor(P<0.05).Conclusion: The pluripara who wanted the second child have mild pregnancy stress generally. The pregnancy stress are closely related to stress response and individual coping style, and active response is beneficial to relieve pregnancy stress.
Objective: To explore the stress status and coping strategies of women who wanted the second child. Methods:A total of 594 pluripara who wanted the second child from outpatient of hospital were selected from January to June 2018, and they were surveyed on their basically situations by questionnaire self-designed, and the pregnancy pressure scale(PPS) was used to evaluate the pregnancy stress, the stress reaction questionnaire(SRQ) and coping style questionnaire(CSQ) were used to evaluate the coping strategies of included women. The relationship between the pregnancy stress, stress reaction and coping strategies were analyzed. Results: The score of PPS of the women was(21.3±7.6)points, and which scoring coefficient was 23.7%.The score of SRQ was(56.3±12.3)points, and which scoring coefficient was 47.3%. The scores of negative response and positive score by CSQ were( 25.3±8.7)points and(34.63±9.14)points, which scoring coefficients were 50.6% and 57.7%, respectively. The main source of stress of women were the pressure of maternal and child health and safety, and pressure of postpartum body shape change. In addition to"the pressure of parental role", the score of SRQ and negative coping strategies was positively correlated with the score of the PPS, while the score of positive coping strategies was negatively correlated with the score of the PPS(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that stress response and negative coping were risk factors for pregnancy stress, while positive coping style was the protective factor(P<0.05).Conclusion: The pluripara who wanted the second child have mild pregnancy stress generally. The pregnancy stress are closely related to stress response and individual coping style, and active response is beneficial to relieve pregnancy stress.
引文
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[14] 赖薇,刘秀萍.二胎孕妇妊娠压力现状及相关因素分析[J].预防医学情报杂志, 2017,33(10):1045-1049.
[15] ArdaSurucu H, BuyukkayaBesen D, DumanM,et al. Are levels of coping with stress in pregnancy with gestational diabetes worse than in healthy pregnancy?[J]. J PsychosomObstetGynaecol. 2018,19(2):1-9.
[16] 卢凤笛,罗家有.不孕年限与患者焦虑、抑郁、应对方式的相关性[J].中国妇幼健康研究,2017,28(2):137-139.
[17] 曾晓琴,刘品佳,吴燕燕.GDM孕妇妊娠压力、应对方式与心理健康的相关分析[J].中国妇产科临床杂志,2014,15(3):213-215.
[18] 卢娜,富宏怡,王琰.高龄不孕女性二胎生育压力与个体应对方式的中介效应[J]. 中国医药导报, 2018,15(14):62-66.
[2] Schoch-Ruppen J, Ehlert U, UggowitzerF,et al. Women's Word Use in Pregnancy: Associations With Maternal Characteristics, Prenatal Stress, and Neonatal Birth Outcome[J]. Front Psychol. 2018, 24(9):1234-1240.
[3] 中国行为科学编辑委员会.行为医学量表手册[M/CD].北京:中华医学电子音像出版社,2005:156,267-268.
[4] 李丹,吴苹,刘俊升.孕妇妊娠压力量表的信效度初步检验[J].心理研究,2013,6(2):64-69.
[5] 姜乾金,祝一虹.特质应对问卷的进一步探讨[J].中国行为医学科学,2001,10(3):36-37.
[6] 汪向东,王希林,马弘.心理卫生评定量表手册(增订版)[M].中国心理卫生杂志社,1999:306-310.
[7] 蔡艳娜,董悦芝.不孕女性生活事件、压力反应、应对方式与生育压力的关系及应对方式的中介效应[J].中国全科医学,2017,20(6):715-719.
[8] 杨慧.全面二孩政策下生育对城镇女性就业的影响机理研究[J].人口与经济,2017,35(4):108-118.
[9] 张同全,张亚军.全面二孩政策对女性就业的影响——基于企业人工成本中介效应的分析[J]. 人口与经济, 2017,35(5):1-11.
[10] 陈钿,徐继红,孙沛.近十年中国妇女不良妊娠结局与社会心理压力、被动吸烟相关性的meta分析[J].中国计划生育学杂志,2017,25(7):438-443.
[11] Taguchi S, Hayashi T, Tada Y,etal.Do combined psychological stress examinations predict pregnancy outcome in an assisted reproductive technology program?[J].Clin Exp ObstetGynecol, 2015,42(3):309-310.
[12] 杨丽全,连雪冰,郑建盛,等.二胎孕妇妊娠压力及其影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2017, 33(6):1000-1003.
[13] 宋丽青,李金莲,陶敏.孕妇妊娠压力状况及其影响因素调查[J].中华护理杂志,2013,48(9):808-811.
[14] 赖薇,刘秀萍.二胎孕妇妊娠压力现状及相关因素分析[J].预防医学情报杂志, 2017,33(10):1045-1049.
[15] ArdaSurucu H, BuyukkayaBesen D, DumanM,et al. Are levels of coping with stress in pregnancy with gestational diabetes worse than in healthy pregnancy?[J]. J PsychosomObstetGynaecol. 2018,19(2):1-9.
[16] 卢凤笛,罗家有.不孕年限与患者焦虑、抑郁、应对方式的相关性[J].中国妇幼健康研究,2017,28(2):137-139.
[17] 曾晓琴,刘品佳,吴燕燕.GDM孕妇妊娠压力、应对方式与心理健康的相关分析[J].中国妇产科临床杂志,2014,15(3):213-215.
[18] 卢娜,富宏怡,王琰.高龄不孕女性二胎生育压力与个体应对方式的中介效应[J]. 中国医药导报, 2018,15(14):62-66.