盖州青石岭地震序列发震构造初探
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摘要
利用双差定位方法对盖州青石岭震群2012年2月至2015年8月的地震活动进行了重新定位,并使用CAP方法和P波初动法计算了ML≥4.0地震的震源机制解,之后结合盖州地区的地震地质资料,分析了青石岭震群的发震构造.结果表明:青石岭震群在平面上呈NW向分布,地震活动主要分布在6km×3km的矩形范围内,震源深度为7—10km;较大地震的震源机制解的走向与精定位后地震的优势分布方向一致;综合分析双差定位结果、震源机制解和发震区的地震地质等资料,初步认为九寨—盖县北段西北侧存在NW向次级铲式正断层,青石岭震群即为该断层在区域应力场作用下不断地左旋走滑-拉张错动造成的.
Using double difference earthquake location algorithm,we relocated the Qingshiling earthquake swarm which lasted from February 2012 to August2015.We also obtained the earthquake focal mechanism solutions of the swarm by cut and paste(CAP)method and the P-wave first motion method,and then according to the seismo-geological conditions,we discussed the seismogenic structure of the sequence.The results demonstrated that the distribution direction of the relocated earthquakes is NW,and the earthquakes of the swarm mainly distributed in a scope of 6 km×3 km with the focal depths varied from7 km to 10 km.The strike of some large earthquakes coincided with the predominant distribution direction of the relocated swarm.Based on double difference results,focal mechanisms and local geological conditions,we preliminarily surmised that there lies a listric secondary normal fault of NW trending to the northwest side of the Jiuzhai-Gaixianbei fault,and Qingshiling earthquake swarm may be caused by that listric normal fault which is controlled by continuous left-lateral strike slip motion under regional stress field.
Using double difference earthquake location algorithm,we relocated the Qingshiling earthquake swarm which lasted from February 2012 to August2015.We also obtained the earthquake focal mechanism solutions of the swarm by cut and paste(CAP)method and the P-wave first motion method,and then according to the seismo-geological conditions,we discussed the seismogenic structure of the sequence.The results demonstrated that the distribution direction of the relocated earthquakes is NW,and the earthquakes of the swarm mainly distributed in a scope of 6 km×3 km with the focal depths varied from7 km to 10 km.The strike of some large earthquakes coincided with the predominant distribution direction of the relocated swarm.Based on double difference results,focal mechanisms and local geological conditions,we preliminarily surmised that there lies a listric secondary normal fault of NW trending to the northwest side of the Jiuzhai-Gaixianbei fault,and Qingshiling earthquake swarm may be caused by that listric normal fault which is controlled by continuous left-lateral strike slip motion under regional stress field.
引文
房立华,吴建平,张天中,黄静,王长在,杨婷.2011.2011年云南盈江MS5.8地震及其余震序列重定位[J].地震学报,33(2):262--267.Fang L H,Wu J P,Zhang T Z,Huang J,Wang C Z,Yang T.2011.Relocation of mainshock and aftershock of the 2011Yingjiang MS5.8earthquake in Yunnan[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,33(2):262--267(in Chinese).
高常波,钟以章.1998.东北输油管道场地断层活动性与地震危险性研究[M].北京:地震出版社:132--133.Gao C B,Zhong Y Z.1998.Study on Fault Activity and Seismic Risk of Northeast Oil Pipeline[M].Beijing:Seismological Press:132--133(in Chinese).
桂焜长.1993.伸展地区铲式正断层作用及其大地测量观测[J].地质论评,39(3):196--204.Gui K C.1993.Listric normal faulting and its geodetic surveying in the extensional region[J].Geological Review,39(3):196--204(in Chinese).
韩立波,蒋长胜,包丰.2012.2010年河南太康MS4.6地震序列震源参数的精确确定[J].地球物理学报,55(9):2973--2981.Han L B,Jiang C S,Bao F.2012.Source parameter determination of 2010Taikang MS4.6earthquake sequences[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,55(9):2973--2981(in Chinese).
黄媛,吴建平,张天中,张东宁.2008.汶川8.0级大地震及其余震序列重定位研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,38(10):1242--1249.Huang Y,Wu J P,Zhang T Z,Zhang D N.2008.Relocation of the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake and its aftershock sequence[J].Science China Earth Sciences,51(12):1703--1712.
蒋海昆,郑建常,吴琼,曲延军,李永莉,代磊.2007.中国大陆中强以上地震余震分布尺度的统计特征[J].地震学报,29(2):151--164.Jiang H K,Zhen J C,Wu Q,Qu Y J,Li Y L,Dai L.2007.Statistical features of aftershock distribution size for moderate and large earthquakes in Chinese mainland[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,29(2):151--164(in Chinese).
李金,王琼.2015.2014年2月12日于田7.3级地震序列震源机制特征分析[J].中国地震,31(1):110--120.Li J,Wang Q.2015.The analysis on the characteristics of the focal mechanisms for the MS7.3earthquake sequence on February 12,2014in Yutian[J].Earthquake Research in China,31(1):110--120(in Chinese).
李四光.1969.地质力学概论[M].北京:科学出版社:74--81.Li S G.1969.Introduction to Geological Mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press:74--81(in Chinese).
李荣安,于军.1985.海城地震双向构造活动的研究[J].地震学报,7(4):385--397.Li R A,Yu J.1985.A study on the bidirectional tectonic activity of the Haicheng earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,7(4):385--397(in Chinese).
李志海,郑勇,谢祖军,刘建明,上官文明,单斌.2014.2012年6月30日新疆新源-和静MS6.6地震发震构造初步研究[J].地球物理学报,57(2):449--458.Li Z H,Zheng Y,Xie Z J,Liu J M,Shangguan W M,Shan B.2014.A preliminary study of seismogenic structure for the Xinyuan-Hejing,Xinjiang MS6.6earthquake of June 30,2012[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,57(2):449--458(in Chinese).
辽宁省地质矿产勘察局.1989.辽宁省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社:166--167.Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration.1989.Regional Geology of Liaoning Province[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House:166--167(in Chinese).
吕坚,郑勇,倪四道,高斯华.2008.2005年11月26日九江-瑞昌MS5.7、MS4.8地震的震源机制解与发震构造研究[J].地球物理学报,51(1):158--164.LüJ,Zheng Y,Ni S D,Gao S H.2008.Focal mechanisms and seismogenic structures of the MS5.7and MS4.8JiujiangRuichang earthquakes of Nov.26,2005[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,51(1):158--164(in Chinese).
卢造勋,蒋秀琴,潘科,白云,姜德录,肖立萍,刘建华,刘福田,陈辉,何建坤.2002.中朝地台东北缘地区的地震层析成像[J].地球物理学报,45(3):338--351.Lu Z X,Jiang X Q,Pan K,Bai Y,Jiang D L,Xiao L P,Liu J H,Liu F T,Chen H,He J K.2002.Seismic tomography in the northeast margin area of Sino-Korean platform[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,45(3):338--351(in Chinese).
马文涛,马瑾,刘力强,马胜利,刘天昌,邓志辉.1995.雁列断层变形过程中的声发射特征[J].地震地质,17(4):342--348.Ma W T,Ma J,Liu L Q,Ma S L,Liu T C,Deng Z H.1995.The characteristics of acoustic emission in en echelon structure[J].Seismology and Geology,17(4):342--348(in Chinese).
秦双龙.2009.双差定位方法的研究[J].新疆石油教育学院学报,10(6):201--202.Qin S L.2009.A study of double-difference algorithm[J].Journal of Petroleum Educational Institute of Xinjiang,10(6):201--202(in Chinese).
曲均浩,蒋海昆,李金,张志慧,郑建常,张芹.2015.2013-2014年山东乳山地震序列发震构造初探[J].地球物理学报,58(6):1954--1962.Qu J H,Jiang H K,Li J,Zhang Z H,Zheng J C,Zhang Q.2015.Preliminary study for seismogenic structure of the Rushan earthquake sequence in 2013--2014[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,58(6):1954--1962(in Chinese).
万波,钟以章.1997.东北地区的新构造运动特征分析及新构造运动分区[J].东北地震研究,13(4):64--75.Wan B,Zhong Y Z.1997.Features analysis and divisions of new tectonic movement in Northeast China[J].Seismological Research of Northeast China,13(4):64--75(in Chinese).
万波,李宇彤,郑双成.2010.1861年普兰店东6级地震发震构造判定[J].中国地震,26(3):304--313.Wan B,Li Y T,Zheng S C.2010.Determination of seismogenic structure for the east of Pulandian M6.0earthquake in1861[J].Earthquake Research in China,26(3):304--313(in Chinese).
万波,贾丽华,戴盈磊,索锐.2013.辽东半岛中强地震活动及其与构造相关性[J].地震地质,35(2):300--314.Wan B,Jia L H,Dai Y L,Suo R.2013.Moderate-strong earthquakes and their tectonic correlation in the Liaodong Peninsula[J].Seismology and Geology,35(2):300--314(in Chinese).
王长在,吴建平,房立华,王未来.2011.2009年姚安地震序列定位及震源区三维P波速度结构研究[J].地震学报,33(2):123--133.Wang C Z,Wu J P,Fang L H,Wang W L.2011.Relocation of aftershocks of the 2009Yao’an MS6.0earthquake and3-D P-wave velocity structure around its source region[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,33(2):123--133(in Chinese).
韦生吉,倪四道,崇加军,郑勇,陈颙.2009.2003年8月16日赤峰地震:一个可能发生在下地壳的地震?[J].地球物理学报,52(1):111--119.Wei S J,Ni S D,Chong J J,Zheng Y,Chen Y.2009.The 16August 2003Chifeng earthquake:Is it a lower crust earthquake?[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,52(1):111--119(in Chinese).
杨智娴,陈运泰,张宏志.2002.张北-尚义地震序列的重新定位和发震构造[J].地震学报,24(4):366--377.Yang Z X,Chen Y T,Zhang H Z.2002.Relocation and seismogenic structure of the 1998Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake sequence[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,24(4):366--377(in Chinese).
张鹏,丰成君,孙炜峰,杨海雨,谭成轩.2014.金州断裂带北段深孔地应力测量及其活动性[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,39(10):1295--1306.Zhang P,Feng C J,Sun W F,Yang H Y,Tan C X.2014.In-situ stress measurement of deep borehole in north segment of Jinzhou fracture belt and analysis on its activity[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,39(10):1295--1306(in Chinese).
郑勇,马宏生,吕坚,倪四道,李迎春,韦生吉.2009.汶川地震强余震(MS≥5.6)的震源机制解及其与发震构造的关系[J].中国科学:地球科学,39(4):413--426.Zheng Y,Ma H S,LüJ,Ni S D,Li Y C,Wei S J.2009.Source mechanism of strong aftershocks(MS≥5.6)of the2008/05/12Wenchuan earthquake and the implication for seismotectonics[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,52(6):739--753.
钟以章,白云.1999.辽东半岛及两侧海域深部构造、活动构造与地震关系研究[J].华北地震科学,17(2):59--65.Zhong Y Z,Bai Y.1999.Study on deep tectonics,active tectonics and their relation with earthquakes in Liaodong Peninsula and its surrounding sea area[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,17(2):59--65(in Chinese).
Geiger L.1912.Probability method for the determination of earthquake epicenters from the arrival time only[J].Bull St Louis Univ,8(1):60--71.
Laske G,Masters G,Ma Z,Pasyanos M.2013.Update on CRUST1.0:A 1-degree global model of Earth’s crust[C]∥EGU General Assembly Conference.Vienna:Geophysical Research Abstract:2658.
Wells D L,Coppersmith K J.1994.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,84(4):974--1002.
Zhong Y,Gao C.2000.Seismic tectonics in the northeast of China[J].Bull Seis Asso Far East,14(1):70--85.
Zhao L S,Helmberger D V.1994.Source estimation from broadband regional seismograms[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,84(1):91--104.
高常波,钟以章.1998.东北输油管道场地断层活动性与地震危险性研究[M].北京:地震出版社:132--133.Gao C B,Zhong Y Z.1998.Study on Fault Activity and Seismic Risk of Northeast Oil Pipeline[M].Beijing:Seismological Press:132--133(in Chinese).
桂焜长.1993.伸展地区铲式正断层作用及其大地测量观测[J].地质论评,39(3):196--204.Gui K C.1993.Listric normal faulting and its geodetic surveying in the extensional region[J].Geological Review,39(3):196--204(in Chinese).
韩立波,蒋长胜,包丰.2012.2010年河南太康MS4.6地震序列震源参数的精确确定[J].地球物理学报,55(9):2973--2981.Han L B,Jiang C S,Bao F.2012.Source parameter determination of 2010Taikang MS4.6earthquake sequences[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,55(9):2973--2981(in Chinese).
黄媛,吴建平,张天中,张东宁.2008.汶川8.0级大地震及其余震序列重定位研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,38(10):1242--1249.Huang Y,Wu J P,Zhang T Z,Zhang D N.2008.Relocation of the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake and its aftershock sequence[J].Science China Earth Sciences,51(12):1703--1712.
蒋海昆,郑建常,吴琼,曲延军,李永莉,代磊.2007.中国大陆中强以上地震余震分布尺度的统计特征[J].地震学报,29(2):151--164.Jiang H K,Zhen J C,Wu Q,Qu Y J,Li Y L,Dai L.2007.Statistical features of aftershock distribution size for moderate and large earthquakes in Chinese mainland[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,29(2):151--164(in Chinese).
李金,王琼.2015.2014年2月12日于田7.3级地震序列震源机制特征分析[J].中国地震,31(1):110--120.Li J,Wang Q.2015.The analysis on the characteristics of the focal mechanisms for the MS7.3earthquake sequence on February 12,2014in Yutian[J].Earthquake Research in China,31(1):110--120(in Chinese).
李四光.1969.地质力学概论[M].北京:科学出版社:74--81.Li S G.1969.Introduction to Geological Mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press:74--81(in Chinese).
李荣安,于军.1985.海城地震双向构造活动的研究[J].地震学报,7(4):385--397.Li R A,Yu J.1985.A study on the bidirectional tectonic activity of the Haicheng earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,7(4):385--397(in Chinese).
李志海,郑勇,谢祖军,刘建明,上官文明,单斌.2014.2012年6月30日新疆新源-和静MS6.6地震发震构造初步研究[J].地球物理学报,57(2):449--458.Li Z H,Zheng Y,Xie Z J,Liu J M,Shangguan W M,Shan B.2014.A preliminary study of seismogenic structure for the Xinyuan-Hejing,Xinjiang MS6.6earthquake of June 30,2012[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,57(2):449--458(in Chinese).
辽宁省地质矿产勘察局.1989.辽宁省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社:166--167.Liaoning Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration.1989.Regional Geology of Liaoning Province[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House:166--167(in Chinese).
吕坚,郑勇,倪四道,高斯华.2008.2005年11月26日九江-瑞昌MS5.7、MS4.8地震的震源机制解与发震构造研究[J].地球物理学报,51(1):158--164.LüJ,Zheng Y,Ni S D,Gao S H.2008.Focal mechanisms and seismogenic structures of the MS5.7and MS4.8JiujiangRuichang earthquakes of Nov.26,2005[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,51(1):158--164(in Chinese).
卢造勋,蒋秀琴,潘科,白云,姜德录,肖立萍,刘建华,刘福田,陈辉,何建坤.2002.中朝地台东北缘地区的地震层析成像[J].地球物理学报,45(3):338--351.Lu Z X,Jiang X Q,Pan K,Bai Y,Jiang D L,Xiao L P,Liu J H,Liu F T,Chen H,He J K.2002.Seismic tomography in the northeast margin area of Sino-Korean platform[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,45(3):338--351(in Chinese).
马文涛,马瑾,刘力强,马胜利,刘天昌,邓志辉.1995.雁列断层变形过程中的声发射特征[J].地震地质,17(4):342--348.Ma W T,Ma J,Liu L Q,Ma S L,Liu T C,Deng Z H.1995.The characteristics of acoustic emission in en echelon structure[J].Seismology and Geology,17(4):342--348(in Chinese).
秦双龙.2009.双差定位方法的研究[J].新疆石油教育学院学报,10(6):201--202.Qin S L.2009.A study of double-difference algorithm[J].Journal of Petroleum Educational Institute of Xinjiang,10(6):201--202(in Chinese).
曲均浩,蒋海昆,李金,张志慧,郑建常,张芹.2015.2013-2014年山东乳山地震序列发震构造初探[J].地球物理学报,58(6):1954--1962.Qu J H,Jiang H K,Li J,Zhang Z H,Zheng J C,Zhang Q.2015.Preliminary study for seismogenic structure of the Rushan earthquake sequence in 2013--2014[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,58(6):1954--1962(in Chinese).
万波,钟以章.1997.东北地区的新构造运动特征分析及新构造运动分区[J].东北地震研究,13(4):64--75.Wan B,Zhong Y Z.1997.Features analysis and divisions of new tectonic movement in Northeast China[J].Seismological Research of Northeast China,13(4):64--75(in Chinese).
万波,李宇彤,郑双成.2010.1861年普兰店东6级地震发震构造判定[J].中国地震,26(3):304--313.Wan B,Li Y T,Zheng S C.2010.Determination of seismogenic structure for the east of Pulandian M6.0earthquake in1861[J].Earthquake Research in China,26(3):304--313(in Chinese).
万波,贾丽华,戴盈磊,索锐.2013.辽东半岛中强地震活动及其与构造相关性[J].地震地质,35(2):300--314.Wan B,Jia L H,Dai Y L,Suo R.2013.Moderate-strong earthquakes and their tectonic correlation in the Liaodong Peninsula[J].Seismology and Geology,35(2):300--314(in Chinese).
王长在,吴建平,房立华,王未来.2011.2009年姚安地震序列定位及震源区三维P波速度结构研究[J].地震学报,33(2):123--133.Wang C Z,Wu J P,Fang L H,Wang W L.2011.Relocation of aftershocks of the 2009Yao’an MS6.0earthquake and3-D P-wave velocity structure around its source region[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,33(2):123--133(in Chinese).
韦生吉,倪四道,崇加军,郑勇,陈颙.2009.2003年8月16日赤峰地震:一个可能发生在下地壳的地震?[J].地球物理学报,52(1):111--119.Wei S J,Ni S D,Chong J J,Zheng Y,Chen Y.2009.The 16August 2003Chifeng earthquake:Is it a lower crust earthquake?[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,52(1):111--119(in Chinese).
杨智娴,陈运泰,张宏志.2002.张北-尚义地震序列的重新定位和发震构造[J].地震学报,24(4):366--377.Yang Z X,Chen Y T,Zhang H Z.2002.Relocation and seismogenic structure of the 1998Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake sequence[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,24(4):366--377(in Chinese).
张鹏,丰成君,孙炜峰,杨海雨,谭成轩.2014.金州断裂带北段深孔地应力测量及其活动性[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,39(10):1295--1306.Zhang P,Feng C J,Sun W F,Yang H Y,Tan C X.2014.In-situ stress measurement of deep borehole in north segment of Jinzhou fracture belt and analysis on its activity[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,39(10):1295--1306(in Chinese).
郑勇,马宏生,吕坚,倪四道,李迎春,韦生吉.2009.汶川地震强余震(MS≥5.6)的震源机制解及其与发震构造的关系[J].中国科学:地球科学,39(4):413--426.Zheng Y,Ma H S,LüJ,Ni S D,Li Y C,Wei S J.2009.Source mechanism of strong aftershocks(MS≥5.6)of the2008/05/12Wenchuan earthquake and the implication for seismotectonics[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,52(6):739--753.
钟以章,白云.1999.辽东半岛及两侧海域深部构造、活动构造与地震关系研究[J].华北地震科学,17(2):59--65.Zhong Y Z,Bai Y.1999.Study on deep tectonics,active tectonics and their relation with earthquakes in Liaodong Peninsula and its surrounding sea area[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,17(2):59--65(in Chinese).
Geiger L.1912.Probability method for the determination of earthquake epicenters from the arrival time only[J].Bull St Louis Univ,8(1):60--71.
Laske G,Masters G,Ma Z,Pasyanos M.2013.Update on CRUST1.0:A 1-degree global model of Earth’s crust[C]∥EGU General Assembly Conference.Vienna:Geophysical Research Abstract:2658.
Wells D L,Coppersmith K J.1994.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,84(4):974--1002.
Zhong Y,Gao C.2000.Seismic tectonics in the northeast of China[J].Bull Seis Asso Far East,14(1):70--85.
Zhao L S,Helmberger D V.1994.Source estimation from broadband regional seismograms[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,84(1):91--104.