松原5.7级地震震中区土壤氢气变化特征
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摘要
2018年5月28日吉林松原发生5.7级地震,为了探究地震对断层气的影响以及震后断层气变化特征,震后在震中区进行了多期土壤氢气浓度观测工作,得到了震中区氢气浓度的最大值、背景值等多项指标。结合地震前后氢气浓度数据,分析震中区震前、震后氢气浓度趋势性变化情况,结果显示:在此次地震活动中,氢气浓度变化有"震前缓慢升高—临震下降—震后迅速升高—强余震前再次骤升"的现象;氢气浓度变化与地震活动间有很好的映震关系,主震对氢气浓度的上升起主要作用,而余震则起诱发作用,余震的活动会使赋存在地下岩石裂隙的氢气释放量增大,表明氢气对余震活动的响应较灵敏;另外,震后某一时刻空气中的氢气浓度也会升高,这可能与区域断层中的氢气逸散到大气中有一定关系。
The Songyuan M_S5.7 earthquake occurred on May 28,2018. In order to study the influence of earthquakes on fault gas and the variation characteristics of fault gas after earthquakes,several periods of soil hydrogen observation were carried out in the epicenter after earthquakes. Finally,the maximum and background values of hydrogen concentration in the epicenter region were obtained. Based on the data of hydrogen variation before and after earthquakes,the trend change of hydrogen concentration in epicenter is analyzed. The results show that during this earthquake activity,hydrogen concentration has the phenomenon of"slow increase before earthquakes—decrease when earthquakes are about to occur—sharp increase after earthquakes—a sharp rise again before strong aftershocks ". The variation of hydrogen concentration has a good correspondence with seismic activity. Main shocks play a major role in the increase of hydrogen concentration,while aftershocks play an inductive role. Aftershocks release gases trapped in underground rock fissures faster,so aftershocks make hydrogen concentration change more sensitive. In addition,at a certain time after the earthquake,the concentration of hydrogen in the air will also increase,which may be related to the escape of hydrogen from faults to the atmosphere. In addition,at a certain time after the earthquake,the concentration of hydrogen in the air will also increase,which may be related to the escape of hydrogen from faults to the atmosphere. This study shows that hydrogen changes obviously before and after the earthquake,which has very good indicative significance.
The Songyuan M_S5.7 earthquake occurred on May 28,2018. In order to study the influence of earthquakes on fault gas and the variation characteristics of fault gas after earthquakes,several periods of soil hydrogen observation were carried out in the epicenter after earthquakes. Finally,the maximum and background values of hydrogen concentration in the epicenter region were obtained. Based on the data of hydrogen variation before and after earthquakes,the trend change of hydrogen concentration in epicenter is analyzed. The results show that during this earthquake activity,hydrogen concentration has the phenomenon of"slow increase before earthquakes—decrease when earthquakes are about to occur—sharp increase after earthquakes—a sharp rise again before strong aftershocks ". The variation of hydrogen concentration has a good correspondence with seismic activity. Main shocks play a major role in the increase of hydrogen concentration,while aftershocks play an inductive role. Aftershocks release gases trapped in underground rock fissures faster,so aftershocks make hydrogen concentration change more sensitive. In addition,at a certain time after the earthquake,the concentration of hydrogen in the air will also increase,which may be related to the escape of hydrogen from faults to the atmosphere. In addition,at a certain time after the earthquake,the concentration of hydrogen in the air will also increase,which may be related to the escape of hydrogen from faults to the atmosphere. This study shows that hydrogen changes obviously before and after the earthquake,which has very good indicative significance.
引文
车用太、刘耀炜、何钄,2015,断层带土壤气中 H2观测———探索地震短临预报的新途径,地震,35(4),1~10.
杜建国、康春丽,2000,地震地下流体发展概述,地震,20(增刊),107~114.
范雪芳、张磊、李自红等,2016,断裂带土壤气高精度氢异常分析,地震地质,38(2),303~315.
高清武,1992,地震前 H2、Hg 等断层气的异常变化,中国地震,8(3),53~59.
高小其、刘高川、刘春国等,2017,新疆阿克陶、呼图壁两次6级地震前兆监测台网效能评估与研究,国际地震动态,(8),63~64.
阚宝祥、钟羽云、沈钰等,2018,温州双溪-焦溪垟断裂土壤Rn和H2地球化学特征,大地测量与地球动力学,38(8),823~827.
柯云龙、刘耀炜、张磊等,2018,川滇地震预报实验场高精度氢观测台阵建设分析,地震,38(3),35~48.
李源、马兴全、夏修军等,2018,河南新郑-太康断裂东段土壤气体地球化学特征,地震,38(3),49~57.
刘耀炜、陈华静、车用太,2006,我国地震地下流体观测研究40年发展与展望,国际地震动态,(7),3~12.
陆明勇、李志雄、刘天海等,2014,强地震前地壳形变异常特征的再探讨,国际地震动态,(4),24~26、41.
马胜利、蒋海昆、扈小燕等,2004,基于声发射实验结果讨论大震前地震活动平静现象的机制,地震地质,26(3),426~435.
马兴全、王志铄、孙杰等,2017,通过断层气氢探测新郑-太康断裂的浅层位置,震灾防御技术,12(2),354~362.
邵博、沈军、于晓辉等,2016,松原市扶余北隐伏活动断裂地震潜势研究,地震工程学报,38(4),616~623.
万永魁、沈军、刘峡等,2016,松原市扶余北断裂的发现及活动性鉴定,中国地震,32(3),477~484.
尉洋、沈军、于晓辉等,2016,石油地震资料在隐伏活断层探测中的应用---以松原活断层探测为例,地震地质,38(2),423~433.
向阳、孙小龙、高小其等,2018,新疆库尔勒断层氢气浓度的影响因素及其地震预测的潜在效能评价,中国地震,34(1),48~59.
张彬、刘耀炜、方震等,2018,汶川地震科学钻探2号孔(WFSD-2)随钻泥浆氢和汞浓度与断裂构造关系,地球物理学报,61(5),1771~1781.
张培仁、王基华、孙凤民,1993,氢---预报地震的灵敏元素,地震地质,15(1),69~77.
张涛、朱成英、向阳,2016,阿克苏痕量氢观测资料初步分析,内陆地震,30(2),162~167.
周晓成、陈超、吕超甲等,2017,首都圈西北部主要活动断裂土壤气中氢气(H2)地球化学特征,环境化学,36(5),977~983.
Fang Z,Liu Y W,Yang D X,et al,2018,Real-time hydrogen mud logging during the Wenchuan earthquake fault scientific drilling project(WFSD),holes 2 and 3 in SW China,Geosci J,22(3),453~464.
Sugisaki R,1984,Relation between hydrogen emission and seismic activities,Pure Appl Geophys,122(2/3/4),175~184.
Wakita H,Nakamura Y,Kita I,et al,1980,Hydrogen release:New indicator of fault activity,Science,210(4466),188~190.
杜建国、康春丽,2000,地震地下流体发展概述,地震,20(增刊),107~114.
范雪芳、张磊、李自红等,2016,断裂带土壤气高精度氢异常分析,地震地质,38(2),303~315.
高清武,1992,地震前 H2、Hg 等断层气的异常变化,中国地震,8(3),53~59.
高小其、刘高川、刘春国等,2017,新疆阿克陶、呼图壁两次6级地震前兆监测台网效能评估与研究,国际地震动态,(8),63~64.
阚宝祥、钟羽云、沈钰等,2018,温州双溪-焦溪垟断裂土壤Rn和H2地球化学特征,大地测量与地球动力学,38(8),823~827.
柯云龙、刘耀炜、张磊等,2018,川滇地震预报实验场高精度氢观测台阵建设分析,地震,38(3),35~48.
李源、马兴全、夏修军等,2018,河南新郑-太康断裂东段土壤气体地球化学特征,地震,38(3),49~57.
刘耀炜、陈华静、车用太,2006,我国地震地下流体观测研究40年发展与展望,国际地震动态,(7),3~12.
陆明勇、李志雄、刘天海等,2014,强地震前地壳形变异常特征的再探讨,国际地震动态,(4),24~26、41.
马胜利、蒋海昆、扈小燕等,2004,基于声发射实验结果讨论大震前地震活动平静现象的机制,地震地质,26(3),426~435.
马兴全、王志铄、孙杰等,2017,通过断层气氢探测新郑-太康断裂的浅层位置,震灾防御技术,12(2),354~362.
邵博、沈军、于晓辉等,2016,松原市扶余北隐伏活动断裂地震潜势研究,地震工程学报,38(4),616~623.
万永魁、沈军、刘峡等,2016,松原市扶余北断裂的发现及活动性鉴定,中国地震,32(3),477~484.
尉洋、沈军、于晓辉等,2016,石油地震资料在隐伏活断层探测中的应用---以松原活断层探测为例,地震地质,38(2),423~433.
向阳、孙小龙、高小其等,2018,新疆库尔勒断层氢气浓度的影响因素及其地震预测的潜在效能评价,中国地震,34(1),48~59.
张彬、刘耀炜、方震等,2018,汶川地震科学钻探2号孔(WFSD-2)随钻泥浆氢和汞浓度与断裂构造关系,地球物理学报,61(5),1771~1781.
张培仁、王基华、孙凤民,1993,氢---预报地震的灵敏元素,地震地质,15(1),69~77.
张涛、朱成英、向阳,2016,阿克苏痕量氢观测资料初步分析,内陆地震,30(2),162~167.
周晓成、陈超、吕超甲等,2017,首都圈西北部主要活动断裂土壤气中氢气(H2)地球化学特征,环境化学,36(5),977~983.
Fang Z,Liu Y W,Yang D X,et al,2018,Real-time hydrogen mud logging during the Wenchuan earthquake fault scientific drilling project(WFSD),holes 2 and 3 in SW China,Geosci J,22(3),453~464.
Sugisaki R,1984,Relation between hydrogen emission and seismic activities,Pure Appl Geophys,122(2/3/4),175~184.
Wakita H,Nakamura Y,Kita I,et al,1980,Hydrogen release:New indicator of fault activity,Science,210(4466),188~190.