淮南煤田构造演化与煤系天然气成藏
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摘要
针对淮南煤田复杂的煤系天然气地质条件,以区域构造演化为主线,结合盆地模拟和最新钻探成果(潘气1井),深入探讨了淮南煤田构造演化阶段以及构造控制下的煤系天然气成藏过程和赋存特征。结果表明:淮南煤田晚古生代成煤期以来经历了稳定沉降(C2-T2)、构造形变(T3-J3)、伸展隆升(K-E)和坳陷沉积(N-Q)四个构造演化阶段;在经历了晚石炭-中三叠世的沉降埋藏之后,淮南煤田煤系有机质热演化在三叠纪末期达到最大值,生成大量的热成因气,在侏罗纪-古近纪持续隆升剥蚀和新近纪以来的坳陷沉积后,潘气1井现今煤系最大埋深超过了2 000 m;淮南煤田总体表现为压性构造特征,对煤系天然气资源保存有利,内部发育的小型正断层,一定程度上改善了煤系储层物性,其中潘集煤矿外围地区是淮南煤田最为有利的煤系天然气勘查开发区域。
In allusion to complex coal measures natural gas geological condition in the Huainan coalfield,focused on regional tectonic evolution,combined with basin simulation and recent drilling data( well PQ-1) discussed coalfield tectonic evolution stage,coal measures natural gas reservoiring process and hosting features under tectonic control in detail. The result has shown that since late Paleozoic coal-forming stage the coalfield has experienced four tectonic evolution stages of stable subsidence( C2-T2),structural deformation( T3-J3),extensional uplift( K-E) and depressed sedimentation( N-Q). After the late Carboniferous-middle Triassic subsidence and sedimentation,the organic matter thermal evolution has been maximized at the end of Triassic and formed large amount thermogenic gas. After the Jurassic-Paleogene sustained uplift denudation and Neogene depressed sedimentation,the maximum buried depth of coal measures in the well PQ-1 is 2000 m more at present. As a whole,the coalfield presents compressive structural features,thus propitious to coal measures natural gas resources preservation,the internal developed minor normal faults have improved coal reservoir physical property in a certain degree,in which,the periphery Panji coalmine is most advantageous area for coal measures natural gas exploration and exploitation in the coalfield.
In allusion to complex coal measures natural gas geological condition in the Huainan coalfield,focused on regional tectonic evolution,combined with basin simulation and recent drilling data( well PQ-1) discussed coalfield tectonic evolution stage,coal measures natural gas reservoiring process and hosting features under tectonic control in detail. The result has shown that since late Paleozoic coal-forming stage the coalfield has experienced four tectonic evolution stages of stable subsidence( C2-T2),structural deformation( T3-J3),extensional uplift( K-E) and depressed sedimentation( N-Q). After the late Carboniferous-middle Triassic subsidence and sedimentation,the organic matter thermal evolution has been maximized at the end of Triassic and formed large amount thermogenic gas. After the Jurassic-Paleogene sustained uplift denudation and Neogene depressed sedimentation,the maximum buried depth of coal measures in the well PQ-1 is 2000 m more at present. As a whole,the coalfield presents compressive structural features,thus propitious to coal measures natural gas resources preservation,the internal developed minor normal faults have improved coal reservoir physical property in a certain degree,in which,the periphery Panji coalmine is most advantageous area for coal measures natural gas exploration and exploitation in the coalfield.
引文
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[24]任自强,彭涛,沈书豪,等.淮南煤田现今地温场特征[J].高校地质学报,2015,21(3):147-154.
[25]武昱东,琚宜文,侯泉林,等.淮北煤田宿临矿区构造-热演化对煤层气生成的控制[J].自然科学进展,2009,19(10):1134-1141.
[26]刘会虎,胡宝林,徐宏杰,等.淮南潘谢矿区二叠系泥页岩构造热演化特征[J].天然气地球科学,2015(09):1696-1704.
[2]张新民,李建武,韩保山,等.淮南煤田煤层气藏划分及形成机制[J].科学通报,2005,50(S1):6-13.
[3]张泓,王绳祖,彭格林,等.淮南煤田煤层气成藏动力学系统的机制与地质模型研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2005,33(04):29
[4]张文永.安徽省“十三五”期间煤层气勘查开发的战略思考[J].中国煤炭地质,2016,28(12):38-42.
[5]窦新钊,张文永,朱文伟,等.两淮煤田煤层气与煤炭勘查开发时空配置关系[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(S2):468-474.
[6]徐宏杰,胡宝林,郑建斌,等.淮南煤田煤系页岩气储集空间特征及其岩相控制作用[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2017,47(02):418-430.
[7]窦新钊,姜波,秦勇,等.黔西盘县地区煤层气成藏的构造控制[J].高校地质学报,2012,18(3):447-452.
[8]Jiang B,Qu Z H,Wang G,et al.Effects of structural deformation on formation of coalbed methane reservoirs in Huaibei coalfield,China[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2010,82(3-4):175-183.
[9]陈世悦.华北石炭二叠纪海平面变化对聚煤作用的控制[J].煤田地质与勘探,2000,28(5):8-11.
[10]张文,吴泰然,冯继承,等.阿拉善地块北缘古大洋闭合的时间制约[J].中国科学:地球科学,2013,43(8):1299-1311.
[11]杨明慧,刘池阳,曾鹏,等.华北克拉通晚三叠世沉积盆地原型与破坏早期构造变形格局[J].地质论评,2012,58(1):1-18.
[12]张国伟,孟庆任,于在平,等.秦岭造山带的造山过程及其动力学特征[J].中国科学(D辑),1996,26(3):193-200.
[13]Hacker B R,Wallis S R,Ratschbacher L,et al.High-temperature geochronology constraints on the tectonic history and architecture of the ultrahigh-pressure Dabie-Sulu Orogen[J].Tectonics,2006,25(5):239-251.
[14]朱光,王勇生,王道轩,等.前陆沉积与变形对郯庐断裂带同造山运动的制约[J].地质科学,2006,41(1):102-121.
[15]姜波.淮南煤田逆冲叠瓦扇构造系统[J].煤田地质与勘探,1993,21(6):12-17.
[16]王清晨.大别造山带高压-超高压变质岩的折返过程[J].岩石学报,2013,29(5):1607-1620.
[17]朱光,朴学峰,张力,等.合肥盆地伸展方向的演变及其动力学机制[J].地质论评,2011,41(2):256-269.
[18]张继坤.安徽省煤田构造与构造控煤作用研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2011.
[19]朱日祥,徐义刚,朱光,等.华北克拉通破坏[J].中国科学:地球科学,2012,42(8):1135-1159.
[20]朱光,王薇,顾承串,等.郯庐断裂带晚中生代演化历史及其对华北克拉通破坏过程的指示[J].地质论评,2016,32(4):935-949.
[21]Zhu G,Jiang D Z,Zhang B L,et al.Destruction of the eastern North China Craton in a backarc setting:evidence from crustal deformation kinematics[J].Gondwana Research,2012,22(1):86-103.
[22]安美健,赵越,冯梅,等.什么控制了华北克拉通东部在新近纪的构造活动[J].地学前缘,2011,18(3):121-140.
[23]谭静强,琚宜文,张文永,等.淮北煤田中南部大地热流及其煤层气资源效应[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(7):855-865.
[24]任自强,彭涛,沈书豪,等.淮南煤田现今地温场特征[J].高校地质学报,2015,21(3):147-154.
[25]武昱东,琚宜文,侯泉林,等.淮北煤田宿临矿区构造-热演化对煤层气生成的控制[J].自然科学进展,2009,19(10):1134-1141.
[26]刘会虎,胡宝林,徐宏杰,等.淮南潘谢矿区二叠系泥页岩构造热演化特征[J].天然气地球科学,2015(09):1696-1704.