盘县动物群的科学价值和自然遗产价值
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摘要
中国贵州盘州地区发现的中三叠世安尼期盘县动物群保存了数量丰富、完整精美且具有较高分异度的海生脊椎动物化石,并伴生多门类无脊椎动物化石。它的发现为研究海生爬行动物的起源、早期演化、系统发育、古生物地理以及化石特异埋藏提供了重要的科学价值。盘县动物群丰富的古生物化石是二叠纪末期生物大绝灭后,生物圈复苏和生态系统重建过程中进入快速和全面辐射时期的标志和代表地之一。文章通过对以盘县动物群、兴义动物群和关岭生物群为代表的贵州三叠纪海生脊椎动物化石群与瑞士-意大利Monte San Giorgio动物群的比较分析,揭示了贵州三叠纪海生脊椎动物化石群的突出普遍价值。
Panxian Fauna was founded from Panzhou City, Guizhou Province, which is mainly characterized by well-preserved and articulated skeletons of Middle Triassic(Anisian) marine reptiles with high diversity, associated with abundant invertebrate fossils, such as bivalves, brachiopods as well as cephalopods, and some undescribed taxa. Such a rich, diversified and perfectly preserved paleontological assemblage not only provides abundant materials for exploring the taxonomy, evolution, and origin of the marine reptiles, but also has great significance for developing the study of paleoecology, biogeographic provincialism and taphonomy. Panxian Fauna is a physical and representative marker of the rapid radiation in the Middle Triassic, occurring in the course of the Triassic biotic recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction. Detailed comparisons between the Triassic marine vertebrate assemblage in Guizhou and the Monte San Giorgio Fauna in Switzerland and Italy, revealed the outstanding universal value of Triassic marine vertebrate assemblage in Guizhou.
Panxian Fauna was founded from Panzhou City, Guizhou Province, which is mainly characterized by well-preserved and articulated skeletons of Middle Triassic(Anisian) marine reptiles with high diversity, associated with abundant invertebrate fossils, such as bivalves, brachiopods as well as cephalopods, and some undescribed taxa. Such a rich, diversified and perfectly preserved paleontological assemblage not only provides abundant materials for exploring the taxonomy, evolution, and origin of the marine reptiles, but also has great significance for developing the study of paleoecology, biogeographic provincialism and taphonomy. Panxian Fauna is a physical and representative marker of the rapid radiation in the Middle Triassic, occurring in the course of the Triassic biotic recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction. Detailed comparisons between the Triassic marine vertebrate assemblage in Guizhou and the Monte San Giorgio Fauna in Switzerland and Italy, revealed the outstanding universal value of Triassic marine vertebrate assemblage in Guizhou.
引文
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[20]MOTANI R,JIANG Dayong,TINTORI A,et al.Horizons and assemblages of Middle Triassic marine reptiles from Panxian,Guizhou,China[J].Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology,28(3):900-903.
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[22]李锦玲,奥利维尔·瑞柏尔.贵州兴义中三叠世Nothosaurus一新种[J].古脊椎动物学报,2004,42:1-12.
[23]RIEPPEL O,LI Jinling,LIU Jun.Lariosaurus xingyiensis(reptilia:sauropterygia)from the Triassic of China[J].Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,2003,40:621-634.
[24]T K.L B From the Middle Triassic of monte san giorgio(switzerland),with comments on the classification of nothosaurs[J].Palaeontographica A,1989,208:153-179.
[25]TINTORIA A,RENESTO S.A new Lariosaurus from the Kalkschieferzone(Uppermost Ladinian)of Valceresio(Varese,N.Italy)[J].Boll Soc Paleont Ital,1990,29(3):309-319.
[26]LI Chun,RIEPPEL O,LABARBERA M C.A Triassic aquatic protorosaur with an extremely long neck[J].Science,2004,305(24):1931.
[27]郝维城,孙元林,江大勇,等.盘县动物群研究进展[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2006,42(6):817-823.
[28]SCOTESE C R.Atlas of earth history[M].Ar lington,Texas:Paleogeography,Paleomap Project,2001:1-52.
[29]孙作玉,江大勇,孙元林,等.贵州省盘县地区羊圈-楚皮凹剖面中三叠统关岭组上段牙形石生物地层[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2014,50(2):269-280.
[2]JIANG Dayong,MOTANI R,HAO Weicheng,et al.Biodiversity and sequence of the Middle Triassic Panxian marine reptile fauna,Guizhou Province,China[J].Acta Geologica SinicaEnglish Edition,2009,81:451-459.
[3]李锦玲.中国三叠纪海生爬行类综述[J].古脊椎动物学报,2006,44(1):99-108.
[4]马乐天,季承,孙作玉,等.贵州兴义三叠纪海生爬行动物群的地层分布及其生物多样性[J].地层学杂志,2013,37(2):178-185.
[5]万大学.贵州盘县羊圈地区安尼锡克中期凝灰岩的发现及其意义[J].贵州地质,2002,19(2):77-81.
[6]JIANG Dayong,SCHMITZ L,HAO Weicheng,et al.A new mixosaurid ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic of China[J].Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology,2006,26(1):60-69.
[7]JIANG Dayong,MAISCH M W,HAO Weicheng,et al.Nothosaurus yangjuanensis n.sp.(Reptilia,Sauropterygia,Nothosauridae)from the middle Anisian(Middle Triassic)of Guizhou,southwestern China[J].Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie,Monatshefte,2006,5:257-276.
[8]JIANG Dayong,MAISCH M W,SUN Zuoyu,et al.A new species of Lariosaurus(Reptilia,Sauropterygia)from the Middle Anisian(Middle Triassic)of Guizhou,Southwestern China[J].Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie,Abhandlungen,2006,242(1):19-42.
[9]JIANG Dayong,SCHMITZ L,MOTANI R,et al.The mixosaurid ichthyosaur Phalarodon cf.P.fraasi from the Middle Triassic of Guizhou Province,China[J].Journal of Paleontology,2007,81(3):602-605.
[10]JIANG Dayong,MOTANI R,HAO Weicheng,et al.First record of Placodontoidea(Reptilia,Sauropterygia,Placodontia)from the eastern Tethys[J].Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology,2008,28:904-908.
[11]JIANG Dayong,RIEPPEL O,MOTANI R,et al.A new Middle Triassic eosauropterygian(Reptilia,Sauropterygia)from Southwestern China[J].Journal of Vertebrate Paleontolog,2008,28:1055-1062.
[12]JIANG Dayong,MOTANI R,HAO Weicheng,et al.New primitive ichthyosaurian(Reptilia,Diapsida) from the Middle Triassic of Panxian,Guizhou,Southwestern China and its position in the Triassic biotic recovery[J].Progress in Natural Science,2008,18:1315-1319.
[13]LI Chun.First record of protorosaurid reptile(order protorosauria)from the Middle Triassic of China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2003,77(4):419-423.
[14]LI Chun,WU Xiaochun,CHENG Yennian,et al.An unusual archosaurian from the marine triassic of China[J].Naturwissenschaften,2006,93:200-206.
[15]LI Chun,JIANG Dayong,CHENG Long,et al.A new species of Largocephalosaurus(diapsida:saurosphargidae),with implications for the morphological diversity and phylogeny of the group[J].Geological Magazine,2014,151:100-120.
[16]JIN Fan.An overview of Triassic fishes from China[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,2006,44(1):28-42.
[17]SUN Zuoyu,TINTORI A,LOMBARDO C,et al.A new species of the genus Colobodus(actinopterygii)from the Pelsonian(Anisian,middle triassice)of Guizhou,South China[J].Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia,2008,114(3):363-376.
[18]WU Feixiang,SUN Yunlin,XU Guanghui,et al.New saurichthyid actinoptertgian fishes from the Anisian(Middle Triassic)of Southwestern China[J].Acta Paleontologica Polonica,2011,56(3):581-614.
[19]尹超,郝维城,孙作玉,等.贵州盘县中三叠世羊圈幻龙新材料的研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2014,50:467-475.
[20]MOTANI R,JIANG Dayong,TINTORI A,et al.Horizons and assemblages of Middle Triassic marine reptiles from Panxian,Guizhou,China[J].Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology,28(3):900-903.
[21]李锦玲,刘俊,奥利维尔·瑞柏尔.贵州兴义中三叠统法郎组竹杆坡段Lariosaurus一新种[J].古脊椎动物学报,2002,40:114-126.
[22]李锦玲,奥利维尔·瑞柏尔.贵州兴义中三叠世Nothosaurus一新种[J].古脊椎动物学报,2004,42:1-12.
[23]RIEPPEL O,LI Jinling,LIU Jun.Lariosaurus xingyiensis(reptilia:sauropterygia)from the Triassic of China[J].Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,2003,40:621-634.
[24]T K.L B From the Middle Triassic of monte san giorgio(switzerland),with comments on the classification of nothosaurs[J].Palaeontographica A,1989,208:153-179.
[25]TINTORIA A,RENESTO S.A new Lariosaurus from the Kalkschieferzone(Uppermost Ladinian)of Valceresio(Varese,N.Italy)[J].Boll Soc Paleont Ital,1990,29(3):309-319.
[26]LI Chun,RIEPPEL O,LABARBERA M C.A Triassic aquatic protorosaur with an extremely long neck[J].Science,2004,305(24):1931.
[27]郝维城,孙元林,江大勇,等.盘县动物群研究进展[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2006,42(6):817-823.
[28]SCOTESE C R.Atlas of earth history[M].Ar lington,Texas:Paleogeography,Paleomap Project,2001:1-52.
[29]孙作玉,江大勇,孙元林,等.贵州省盘县地区羊圈-楚皮凹剖面中三叠统关岭组上段牙形石生物地层[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2014,50(2):269-280.