三相光伏并网逆变器多目标优化模型预测控制
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摘要
三相电压型并网逆变器广泛用于光伏发电领域。逆变控制方法用于提高并网系统效率和响应质量。模型预测控制策略使用离散时间模型预测下一个采样周期所有可能的输出值,根据评估函数选取最优电压向量。将模型预测控制用于三相电压型并网逆变器中。首先,建立三相光伏逆变器在d-q坐标系下的瞬时功率数学模型。其次,设计预测函数在线预测逆变并网参数。选择合适的目标函数控制逆变器下一采样周期的输出值。d-q坐标系下的跟踪精确迅速,所提出的控制策略计算量小,无需PWM调制,更容易实现。然后,对模型预测控制进行多目标优化。设计电流解耦控制减小系统输出有功功率,改变评估函数提高输出电流质量,修正交流侧电压参数提高预测的准确性。最后,仿真和实验结果证明提出的控制策略输出电流具有良好的动态性能和较低的谐波畸变率,可快速跟踪给定的参考值,具有无功补偿的功能。
Three-phase voltage-source grid-connected inverters are widely applied in the field of photovoltaic power generation. A variety of control strategies about inverters have been proposed in order to improve performance and efficiency of grid-connected systems. Model predictive control strategy uses the discrete time model to predict all the possible output value in the next sampling period. The optimal voltage vector is chosen according to the cost function. A model predictive control strategy is used in three-phase voltage-source grid-connected inverter. Firstly, instantaneous power mathematical model of three-phase PV inverter in d-q coordinates systems is established. Secondly, predictive function is designed to predict the inverter grid parameters online. The optimal objective function is selected to control the inverter in the next cycle. The tracking in d-q coordinate system is fast and accurate. The calculation amount of proposed strategy is small. It is easy to be implemented and does not need PWM module. Then, multi-objective optimization control is designed. Current decouple control is designed to reduce reactive power of the system. Cost function is changed to improve output current quality. The AC voltages are modified to improve the prediction accuracy. Finally, simulation and experimental results show that the output current of the proposed strategy has good static performance and low harmonic distortion rate. It can track reference and realize reactive power compensation.
Three-phase voltage-source grid-connected inverters are widely applied in the field of photovoltaic power generation. A variety of control strategies about inverters have been proposed in order to improve performance and efficiency of grid-connected systems. Model predictive control strategy uses the discrete time model to predict all the possible output value in the next sampling period. The optimal voltage vector is chosen according to the cost function. A model predictive control strategy is used in three-phase voltage-source grid-connected inverter. Firstly, instantaneous power mathematical model of three-phase PV inverter in d-q coordinates systems is established. Secondly, predictive function is designed to predict the inverter grid parameters online. The optimal objective function is selected to control the inverter in the next cycle. The tracking in d-q coordinate system is fast and accurate. The calculation amount of proposed strategy is small. It is easy to be implemented and does not need PWM module. Then, multi-objective optimization control is designed. Current decouple control is designed to reduce reactive power of the system. Cost function is changed to improve output current quality. The AC voltages are modified to improve the prediction accuracy. Finally, simulation and experimental results show that the output current of the proposed strategy has good static performance and low harmonic distortion rate. It can track reference and realize reactive power compensation.
引文
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[15]马宏伟,李永东,郑泽东,等.电流环模型预测控制在PWM整流器中的应用[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(8):136-141.MA Hongwei,LI Yongdong,ZHENG Zedong,et al.PWM rectifier using a model predictive control method in the current loop[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(8):136-141.
[16]耿乙文,施向前,盛亚如,等.三相四线制PV-AF系统的模型预测电流控制策略[J].电网技术,2014,38(10):2933-2938.GENG Yiwen,SHI Xiangqian,SHENG Yaru,et al.A model current control strategy for three-phase four-wire photovoltaic powerg and active filter system[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(10):2933-2938.
[17]RODRIGUE J,PON J,SILVA C A,et al.Predictive current control of a voltage source inverter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2007,54(1):495-503.
[18]罗德荣,姬小豪,黄晟,等.电压型PWM整流器模型预测直接功率控制[J].电网技术,2014,38(11):3109-3114.LUO Derong,JI Xiaohao,HUANG Sheng,et al.Model predictive direct power control for three-phase voltage source PWM rectifiers[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(11):3109-3114.
[2]黄庆丰,杨红培,翟登辉.基于Simulink的两级式单相光伏逆变器的系统仿真[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(19):58-61.HUANG Qingfeng,YANG Hongpei,ZHAI Denghui.System simulation of double-stage single-phase photovoltaic inverter based on Simulink[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(19):58-61.
[3]胡晓青,程启明,王映斐,等.基于自整定Fuzzy-PI控制的电流跟踪型光伏并网逆变器[J].太阳能学报,2013,34(6):959-966.HU Xiaoqing,CHENG Qiming,WANG Yingfei,et al.Current tracking PV inverter based on self-tuning fuzzyPI control[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2013,34(6):959-966.
[4]曾晓生,杨苹,林旭成.重复和PI复合控制在光伏逆变器中的应用[J].电气传动,2012,42(8):47-49.ZENG Xiaosheng,YANG Ping,LIN Xucheng.Apply of repetitive and PI compound control in photovoltaic inverter[J].Electric Drive,2012,42(8):47-49.
[5]杨海柱,刘洁,袁松振.重复PI控制的五电平光伏并网逆变器[J].电工电能新技术,2014,33(2):18-21.YANG Haizhu,LIU Jie,YUAN Songzhen.Study on five level photovoltaic grid-connected inverter based on repetitive and PI control[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2014,33(2):18-21.
[6]李清然,张建成.分布式光伏逆变器多模式滑模控制方法及仿真分析[J].华北电力大学学报(自然科学版),2015,42(5):19-25.LI Qingran,ZHANG Jiancheng.Distributed photovoltaic inverter multi-modal sliding mode control method and simulation analysis[J].Journal of North China Electric Power University(Natural Science Edition),2015,42(5):19-25.
[7]何翔,张代润.基于滑模控制的三相光伏并网逆变器研究[J].电源技术,2014,38(4):672-675.HE Xiang,ZHANG Dairun.Research on three-phase photovoltaic grid inverter based on sliding mode control[J].Chinese Journal of Power Sources,2014,38(4):672-675.
[8]成林俞,戴瑜兴,刘红,等.分布式光伏并网逆变器自适应控制策略[J].电力电子技术,2015,49(7):27-28.CHENG Linyu,DAI Yuxing,LIU Hong,et al.An adaptive control strategy for distributed photovoltaic grid-connected inverter[J].Power Electronics,2015,49(7):27-28.
[9]孙红艳.预测控制在三电平光伏并网系统中的应用研究[D].南昌:南昌航空大学,2012.SUN Hongyan.Research on the application of predictive control in three-level grid-connected PV system[D].Nanchang:Nanchang Hangkong University,2012.
[10]沈坤,章兢,王坚.一种多步预测的变流器有限控制集模型预测控制算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(33):37-44.SHEN Kun,ZHANG Jing,WANG Jian.A model predictive control scheme of multi-step prediction finite control set for converters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(33):37-44.
[11]沈坤,章兢,王玲,等.三相电压型逆变器模型预测控制[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(12):283-289.SHEN Kun,ZHANG Jing,WANG Ling,et al.Model predictive control of three-phase voltage source inverter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(12):283-289.
[12]马宏伟,李永东,郑泽东,等.一种PWM整流器的模型预测控制方法[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(11):21-25.MA Hongwei,LI Yongdong,ZHENG Zedong,et al.Model predictive control of PWM rectifier[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(11):21-25.
[13]曹晓冬,谭国俊,王从刚,等.三电平PWM整流器多模型预测控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(8):142-150.CAO Xiaodong,TAN Guojun,WANG Conggang,et al.Research on multi-model predictive control strategy of three-level PWM rectifier[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(8):142-150.
[14]王峰,张旭隆,何凤有,等.基于复合模型预测控制策略的三电平APF研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(11):79-85.WANG Feng,ZHANG Xulong,HE Fengyou,et al.Research of three-level shunt APF control method based on composite model predictive control strategy[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(11):79-85.
[15]马宏伟,李永东,郑泽东,等.电流环模型预测控制在PWM整流器中的应用[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(8):136-141.MA Hongwei,LI Yongdong,ZHENG Zedong,et al.PWM rectifier using a model predictive control method in the current loop[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(8):136-141.
[16]耿乙文,施向前,盛亚如,等.三相四线制PV-AF系统的模型预测电流控制策略[J].电网技术,2014,38(10):2933-2938.GENG Yiwen,SHI Xiangqian,SHENG Yaru,et al.A model current control strategy for three-phase four-wire photovoltaic powerg and active filter system[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(10):2933-2938.
[17]RODRIGUE J,PON J,SILVA C A,et al.Predictive current control of a voltage source inverter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2007,54(1):495-503.
[18]罗德荣,姬小豪,黄晟,等.电压型PWM整流器模型预测直接功率控制[J].电网技术,2014,38(11):3109-3114.LUO Derong,JI Xiaohao,HUANG Sheng,et al.Model predictive direct power control for three-phase voltage source PWM rectifiers[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(11):3109-3114.