四川王山-抓口寺滑坡成因机制及滑动过程分析
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摘要
以王山-抓口寺大型岩质滑坡为例,在对滑坡变形破坏特征及周边工程地质条件现场调查和研究的基础上,通过地质分析手段获取区内滑坡体从缓慢变形到失稳破坏全过程的基本信息,提出滑坡演变概化地质模型,并结合非连续变形分析方法模拟真实时间和便于分析非连续大变形的特点,建立非连续变性分析(DDA)数值模型,对滑坡体稳定性和滑动全过程进行数值模拟,并对降雨弱化结构面强度参数影响滑坡滑距和速度进行分析。结果表明:王山-抓口寺滑坡主要诱发原因是汛期持续降雨使雨水沿裂隙大量渗入滑体导致滑坡体结构面强度参数降低;同时,滑坡前缘由于前期堰塞湖人工清理和河水自然侧蚀,临空面高达十数米,为滑坡的发生提供了有利条件,最终形成"强降雨-入渗-岩体软化-推拉"破坏模式,属典型的滑移-拉裂型岩质滑坡;参数影响性表明结构面内摩擦角φ对滑坡滑距和滑速影响显著,黏聚力c对滑坡位移和速度影响有限;模拟得到的滑坡最大滑移速度和后缘最大滑动距离与野外调查相符。
Based on the analysis of Wangshan-Zhuakousi rock landslide,the deformation,failure process of landslide and its engineering geological conditions have been studied by field investigation and analysis. The slope body's general information was collected by analysis of geological survey. With advantages of real time variable employment and large discontinuous simulation by the method of discontinuous deformation analysis( DDA),the DDA numerical model was build; the stability and the sliding process of landslide has been carried out with the DDA code; and the sensitivity analysis has been used to study the effects to sliding distance and speed of the landslide because of the rainfall weakening joint strength parameters. It is shown that the main reason of Wangshan-Zhuakousi Landslide is the reduction of mechanical parameters of joints resulted from rainfall; and the rock slope's sliding is benefit from the cleaning up of the barrier lake in front of the landslide,an airport surface of more than 10 meters was formed,and the landslide is conformed to be a typical-sliding-tension cnacking and fracturing type. The internal friction angle φ has a significant effect on the sliding distance and speed of the landslide,but the effect of the cohesion c is little. The simulation results inmaximum slip velocity and maximum sliding distance of landslide is consistent with actual field survey.
Based on the analysis of Wangshan-Zhuakousi rock landslide,the deformation,failure process of landslide and its engineering geological conditions have been studied by field investigation and analysis. The slope body's general information was collected by analysis of geological survey. With advantages of real time variable employment and large discontinuous simulation by the method of discontinuous deformation analysis( DDA),the DDA numerical model was build; the stability and the sliding process of landslide has been carried out with the DDA code; and the sensitivity analysis has been used to study the effects to sliding distance and speed of the landslide because of the rainfall weakening joint strength parameters. It is shown that the main reason of Wangshan-Zhuakousi Landslide is the reduction of mechanical parameters of joints resulted from rainfall; and the rock slope's sliding is benefit from the cleaning up of the barrier lake in front of the landslide,an airport surface of more than 10 meters was formed,and the landslide is conformed to be a typical-sliding-tension cnacking and fracturing type. The internal friction angle φ has a significant effect on the sliding distance and speed of the landslide,but the effect of the cohesion c is little. The simulation results inmaximum slip velocity and maximum sliding distance of landslide is consistent with actual field survey.
引文
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[7]邬爱清,丁秀丽,卢波,等.DDA方法块体稳定性验证及其在岩质边坡稳定性分析中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(4):664-672.WU Aiqing,DING Xiuli,LU Bo,et al.Validation for rock block stability and its application to rock slope stability evaluation using DDA method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(4):664-672.
[8]常金源,包含,伍法权,等.降雨条件下浅层滑坡稳定性探讨[J].岩土力学,2015,36(4):995-1001.CHANG Jinyuan,BAO Han,WU Faquan,et al.Discussion on stability of shallow landslide under rainfall[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(4):995-1001.
[9]KATZ O,MORGAN J K,AHARONOV E,et al.Controls on the size and geometry of landslides:Insights from discrete element numerical simulations[J].Geomorphology,2014,220(3):104-113.
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[11]葛云峰,唐辉明,熊承仁,等.滑动面力学参数对滑坡稳定性影响研究—以重庆武隆鸡尾山滑坡为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(S2):3873-3884.GE Yunfeng,TANG Huiming,XIONG Chengren,et al.Effect of sliding plane mechanical parameters on landslide stability:a case study of Jiweishan rockslide in Wulong,Chongqing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(S2):3873-3884.
[12]殷坤龙,姜清辉,汪洋.滑坡运动过程仿真分析[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2002,27(5):632-636.YIN Kunlong,JIANG Qinghui,WANG Yang.Simulation of landslide movement process by discontinuous deformation analysis[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2002,27(5):632-636.
[13]邬爱清,丁秀丽,李会中,等.非连续变形分析方法模拟千将坪滑坡启动与滑坡全过程[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(7):1297-1303.WU Aiqing,DING Xiuli,LI Huizhong,et al.Numerical simulation of startup and whole failure process of Qianjiangping Landslide using discontinuous deformation analysis method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(7):1297-1303.
[14]CASCINI L,CUOMO S,PASTOR M,et al.SPH run-out modelling of channelised landslides of the flow type[J].Geomorphology,2014,214(2):502-513.
[15]PIRULLI M,MANGENEY A.Results of backanalysis of the propagation of rock avalanches as a function of the assumed rheology[J].Rock Mechanics&Rock Engineering,2008,41(1):59-84.
[16]石根华.数值流形方法与非连续变形分析[M].裴觉民译.北京:清华大学出版社,1997.SHI Genhua.Numerical manifold method and discontinuous deformation analysis[M].Translated by PEI Juemin.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1997.
[17]徐进军,王海城,罗喻真,等.基于三维激光扫描的滑坡变形监测与数据处理[J].岩土力学,2010,31(7):2188-2191.XU Jinjun,WANG Haicheng,LUO Yuzhen,et al.Deformation monitoring and data processing of landslide based on 3D laser scanning[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(7):2188-2191.
[18]李俊峰,张小趁,刘红岩,等.突发地质灾害应急数值模拟技术应用浅析[J].工程地质学报,2016,24(4):569-577.LI Junfeng,ZHANG Xiaochen,LIU Hongyan,et al.Analysis on the application of numerical simulation technology in geological disaster emergency[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2016,24(4):569-577.
[2]魏云杰,褚宏亮,庄茂国,等.四川省峨眉山市王山-抓口寺滑坡成因机理研究[J].工程地质学报,2016,24(3):477-483.WEI Yunjie,CHU Hongliang,ZHUANG Maoguo,et al.Formation mechanism of Wangshan-Zhuakousi Landslide in Emei City,Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2016,24(3):477-483.
[3]张倬元,王士天,王兰生,等.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.ZHANG Zhuoyuan,WANG Shitian,WANG Lansheng,et al.Principle of engineering geology analysis[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2009.
[4]马永政,郑宏,朱合华,等.DDA法计算边坡安全系数的粘聚力影响分析[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(7):1088-1093.MA Yongzheng,ZHENG Hong,ZHU Hehua,et al.Effect of cohesion on evaluating slope stability factor of safety by DDA method[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(7):1088-1093.
[5]付晓东,盛谦,张勇慧.基于矢量和-非连续变形分析的滑坡安全系数计算方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(S2):4122-4128.FU Xiaodong,SHENG Qian,ZHANG Yonghui.Research on safety factor computation of landslide based on vector sum-discontinuous deformation analysis method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(S2):4122-4128.
[6]黄盛铨,刘君,孔宪京.强度折减DDA法及其在边坡稳定分析中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(S1):2799-2806.HUANG Shengquan,LIU Jun,KONG Xianjing.DDA with strength reduction technique and its application to stability analysis of rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(S1):2799-2806.
[7]邬爱清,丁秀丽,卢波,等.DDA方法块体稳定性验证及其在岩质边坡稳定性分析中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(4):664-672.WU Aiqing,DING Xiuli,LU Bo,et al.Validation for rock block stability and its application to rock slope stability evaluation using DDA method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(4):664-672.
[8]常金源,包含,伍法权,等.降雨条件下浅层滑坡稳定性探讨[J].岩土力学,2015,36(4):995-1001.CHANG Jinyuan,BAO Han,WU Faquan,et al.Discussion on stability of shallow landslide under rainfall[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(4):995-1001.
[9]KATZ O,MORGAN J K,AHARONOV E,et al.Controls on the size and geometry of landslides:Insights from discrete element numerical simulations[J].Geomorphology,2014,220(3):104-113.
[10]ZHANG X,KRABBENHOFT K,SHENG D,et al.Numerical simulation of a flow-like landslide using the particle finite element method[J].Computational Mechanics,2015,55(1):167-177.
[11]葛云峰,唐辉明,熊承仁,等.滑动面力学参数对滑坡稳定性影响研究—以重庆武隆鸡尾山滑坡为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(S2):3873-3884.GE Yunfeng,TANG Huiming,XIONG Chengren,et al.Effect of sliding plane mechanical parameters on landslide stability:a case study of Jiweishan rockslide in Wulong,Chongqing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(S2):3873-3884.
[12]殷坤龙,姜清辉,汪洋.滑坡运动过程仿真分析[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2002,27(5):632-636.YIN Kunlong,JIANG Qinghui,WANG Yang.Simulation of landslide movement process by discontinuous deformation analysis[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2002,27(5):632-636.
[13]邬爱清,丁秀丽,李会中,等.非连续变形分析方法模拟千将坪滑坡启动与滑坡全过程[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(7):1297-1303.WU Aiqing,DING Xiuli,LI Huizhong,et al.Numerical simulation of startup and whole failure process of Qianjiangping Landslide using discontinuous deformation analysis method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(7):1297-1303.
[14]CASCINI L,CUOMO S,PASTOR M,et al.SPH run-out modelling of channelised landslides of the flow type[J].Geomorphology,2014,214(2):502-513.
[15]PIRULLI M,MANGENEY A.Results of backanalysis of the propagation of rock avalanches as a function of the assumed rheology[J].Rock Mechanics&Rock Engineering,2008,41(1):59-84.
[16]石根华.数值流形方法与非连续变形分析[M].裴觉民译.北京:清华大学出版社,1997.SHI Genhua.Numerical manifold method and discontinuous deformation analysis[M].Translated by PEI Juemin.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1997.
[17]徐进军,王海城,罗喻真,等.基于三维激光扫描的滑坡变形监测与数据处理[J].岩土力学,2010,31(7):2188-2191.XU Jinjun,WANG Haicheng,LUO Yuzhen,et al.Deformation monitoring and data processing of landslide based on 3D laser scanning[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(7):2188-2191.
[18]李俊峰,张小趁,刘红岩,等.突发地质灾害应急数值模拟技术应用浅析[J].工程地质学报,2016,24(4):569-577.LI Junfeng,ZHANG Xiaochen,LIU Hongyan,et al.Analysis on the application of numerical simulation technology in geological disaster emergency[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2016,24(4):569-577.