反导系统与目标识别技术发展综述
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摘要
弹道导弹目标识别是导弹防御系统中的核心问题之一,直接关系到弹道导弹防御的成败。文中首先对世界上先进的反导防御系统特点和典型装备进行了介绍,然后对雷达反导目标识别中使用的各种特征提取、识别算法及策略进行综述,最后对弹道目标识别技术重要发展方向进行展望,并指出弹道目标识别技术是一项长期的系统工程。
Target recognition is a key prob1 em in the ballistic missile defence system( BMDS),which determines whether the antimissle radar can recognize the warhead or not in the BMD. Firstly,the advanced anti-missile systems and their characteristic are introduced in this paper. Then,all kinds of feature extraction algorithms and target recognition techniques are overviewed in radar anti-missile systems. Finally,the future developing tendency and long-term course of target recognition technique are pointed out.
Target recognition is a key prob1 em in the ballistic missile defence system( BMDS),which determines whether the antimissle radar can recognize the warhead or not in the BMD. Firstly,the advanced anti-missile systems and their characteristic are introduced in this paper. Then,all kinds of feature extraction algorithms and target recognition techniques are overviewed in radar anti-missile systems. Finally,the future developing tendency and long-term course of target recognition technique are pointed out.
引文
[1]DELANEY W P,WARD W W.Radar development at Lincoln laboratory:An overview of the first fifty years[J].Lincoln Laboratory Journal,2000,12(2):147-166.
[2]INGWERSEN P A,LEMNIOS W Z.Radars for ballistic missile defense research[J].Lincoln Laboratory Journal,2002,12(2):245-266.
[3]周万幸.弹道导弹雷达目标识别技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2011.ZHOU Wanxing.BMD radar target recognition technology[M].Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2011.
[4]金林.弹道导弹目标识别技术[J].现代雷达,2008,30(2):1-5.JIN Lin.Overview of ballistic missle defence system[J].Modern Radar,2008,30(2):1-5.
[5]李明.雷达目标识别技术研究进展及发展趋势分析[J].现代雷达,2010,32(10):1-8.LI Ming.Research of progress and development trend analysis on radar target recognition technique[J].Modern Radar,2010,32(10):1-8.
[6]ROSS M,SHARER H.Average magnitude difference function pitch extractor[J].IEEE Transactions on Acoustic,Speech and Signal Processing,1974,22(5):355-362.
[7]张仕元.基于三角函数拟合的RCS序列进动周期估计[J].电子与信息学报,2014,36(6):1389-1393.ZHANG Shiyuan.Procession period estimation of RCS sequences based on trigonometric function fitting[J].Journal of Electronics&Information Technology,2014,36(6):1389-1393.
[8]CHEN V C.The micro-Doppler effect in radar[M].Norwood:Artech House Publishers,2011.
[9]陈行勇.微动目标雷达特征提取技术研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学,2006.CHEN Hangyong.Research on radar signature extraction from target with micro-motions[D].Changsha:National University of Defense Technology,2006.
[10]YAO H Y,LI X X,SUN W F,et al.Micro-Doppler analysis of nutation target in ballistic midcourse[C]//IET International Radar Conference.Xi'an China:IEEE Press,2013:1-5.
[11]ZHANG Gang,SUN Jiajia.Reseach on micro-Doppler feature of precession target based on bistatic radar[C]//4th International Conference on Digital Manufacturing&Automation.Qingdao,China:IEEE Press,2013:1086-1089.
[12]HAN Xun,DU Lan,LIU Hangwei,et al.A micro-Doppler frequency estimation method for micro-motion object using TVAR model[C]//IET International Radar Conference.Xi'an China:IEEE Press,2013.
[13]王璐,刘宏伟.基于时频图的微动目标运动参数提取和特征识别的方法[J].电子与信息学报,2010,32(8):1812-1817.WANG Lu,LIU Hongwei.Method for micro-motion target recognition and motion parameter extraction based on timefrequency analysis[J].Journal of Electronics&Information Technology,2010,32(8):1812-1817.
[14]牛杰,刘永祥,秦玉亮,等.一种基于经验模态分解的锥体目标雷达微动特征提取新方法[J].电子学报,2011,39(7):1712-1716.NIU Jie,LIU Yongxiang,QIN Yuliang,et al.A new method of radar micro-motion feature extraction of cone target based on empirical mode decomposition[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2011,39(7):1712-1716.
[15]CHEN Daqing,XIE Sudao,WANG Yongchen,et al.Micromotion analysis based on HRRP sequence[C]//IET International Radar Conference.Xi'an China:IEEE Press,2013.
[16]MING Da,ZHOU Daiying.Precession parameters extraction of midcourse target based on HRRP sequence[C]//IEEE 4th International Conference on Electronics Information and Emergency Communication.Beijing China:IEEE Press,2013:156-159.
[17]毕莉,赵锋,高勋章,等.基于一维像序列的进动目标尺寸估计研究[J].电子与信息学报,2010,32(8):1825-1830.BI Li,ZHAO Feng,GAO Xunzhang,et al.Study on precessional target's dimension estimation based on HRRPs[J].Journal of Electronics&Information Technology,2010,32(8):1825-1830.
[18]JENG Y C,CROSBY P B.Sinewave parameter estimation algorithm with application to waveform digitizer effective bits measurement[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,1988,37(4):529-532.
[19]孙俊,戴蓓荷,刘洋.基于聚类中心GDA的一维距离像目标识别方法[J].现代雷达,2009,31(6):47-50.SUN Jun,DAI Beihe,LIU Yang.HRRP target recognition method based on cluster centers for GDA[J].Moder Radar,2009,31(6):47-50.
[20]冯德军.弹道中段目标雷达识别与评估研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学,2006.FENG Dejun.Study on radar target recognition and its evaluation in ballistic midcourse[D].Changsha:National University of Defense Technology,2006.
[21]PERSOON E,FU K S.Shape discrimination using Fourier descriptors[J].IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man and Cybernetics,1977,7(3):170-179.
[22]ESHBAUGH J V.HUSIR signal processing[J].Lincoln Laboratory Journal,2014,21(1):115-134.
[23]黄培康,殷红成,许小剑.雷达目标特性[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.HUANG Peikang,YIN Hongcheng,XU Xiaojian.Radar target characteristics[M].Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2005.
[24]郭桂蓉,庄钊文,陈曾平.电磁特征抽取与目标识别[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1996.GUO Guirong,ZHUANG Zhaowen,CHEN Zengping.Electromagnetic signature extraction and target recognition[M].Changsha:Publishing House of National University of Defense Technology,1996.
[25]陈强.雷达极化中若干理论问题研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学,2010.CHEN Qiang.Study on theoretical problems in radar polarimetry[D].Changsha:National University of Defense Technology,2010.
[26]WEINBERGER K Q,FEI S,SAUL L K.Convex optimizations for distance metric learning and pattern classification[J].IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,2010,27(3):146-158.
[27]FRIEDMAN N,GEIGER D,GOLDSZMIDT M.Bayesian network classifiers[J].Machine Learning,1997,29(2):131-163.
[28]郭桂蓉.模糊模式识别[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1992.GUO Guirong.Fuzzy pattern recognition[M].Changsha:Publishing House of National University of Defense Technology,1992.
[29]VAPNIK V N.The nature of statistical learning theory[M].New York:Springer,2000.
[30]TAX D M J,DUIN R P W.Support vector data description[J].Machine Learning,2004,54(1):45-66.
[31]DUDA R O,HART P,STORK D.Pattern classification[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,2001.
[32]YAGER R R.On the dempster-shafer framework and new combination rules[J].Information Science,1987,41(2):93-137.
[33]INAGAKI T.Interdependence between safety-control policy and multiple sensor schemes via dempster-shafer theory[J].IEEE Transaction on Reliability,1991,40(2):182-188.
[34]孙全,叶秀清,顾伟康.一种新的基于证据理论的合成公式[J].电子学报,2000,28(8):117-119.SUN Quan,YE Xiuqing,GU Weikang.A new combination rules of evidence theory[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2000,28(8):117-119.
[35]MURPHY C K.Combining belief functions when evidence conflicts[J].Decision Support Systems,2000,29(1):1-9.
[36]JOUSSELME A L,GRENIER D,BOSSE E.A new distance between two bodies of evidence[J].Information Fusion,2001(2):91-101.
[2]INGWERSEN P A,LEMNIOS W Z.Radars for ballistic missile defense research[J].Lincoln Laboratory Journal,2002,12(2):245-266.
[3]周万幸.弹道导弹雷达目标识别技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2011.ZHOU Wanxing.BMD radar target recognition technology[M].Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2011.
[4]金林.弹道导弹目标识别技术[J].现代雷达,2008,30(2):1-5.JIN Lin.Overview of ballistic missle defence system[J].Modern Radar,2008,30(2):1-5.
[5]李明.雷达目标识别技术研究进展及发展趋势分析[J].现代雷达,2010,32(10):1-8.LI Ming.Research of progress and development trend analysis on radar target recognition technique[J].Modern Radar,2010,32(10):1-8.
[6]ROSS M,SHARER H.Average magnitude difference function pitch extractor[J].IEEE Transactions on Acoustic,Speech and Signal Processing,1974,22(5):355-362.
[7]张仕元.基于三角函数拟合的RCS序列进动周期估计[J].电子与信息学报,2014,36(6):1389-1393.ZHANG Shiyuan.Procession period estimation of RCS sequences based on trigonometric function fitting[J].Journal of Electronics&Information Technology,2014,36(6):1389-1393.
[8]CHEN V C.The micro-Doppler effect in radar[M].Norwood:Artech House Publishers,2011.
[9]陈行勇.微动目标雷达特征提取技术研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学,2006.CHEN Hangyong.Research on radar signature extraction from target with micro-motions[D].Changsha:National University of Defense Technology,2006.
[10]YAO H Y,LI X X,SUN W F,et al.Micro-Doppler analysis of nutation target in ballistic midcourse[C]//IET International Radar Conference.Xi'an China:IEEE Press,2013:1-5.
[11]ZHANG Gang,SUN Jiajia.Reseach on micro-Doppler feature of precession target based on bistatic radar[C]//4th International Conference on Digital Manufacturing&Automation.Qingdao,China:IEEE Press,2013:1086-1089.
[12]HAN Xun,DU Lan,LIU Hangwei,et al.A micro-Doppler frequency estimation method for micro-motion object using TVAR model[C]//IET International Radar Conference.Xi'an China:IEEE Press,2013.
[13]王璐,刘宏伟.基于时频图的微动目标运动参数提取和特征识别的方法[J].电子与信息学报,2010,32(8):1812-1817.WANG Lu,LIU Hongwei.Method for micro-motion target recognition and motion parameter extraction based on timefrequency analysis[J].Journal of Electronics&Information Technology,2010,32(8):1812-1817.
[14]牛杰,刘永祥,秦玉亮,等.一种基于经验模态分解的锥体目标雷达微动特征提取新方法[J].电子学报,2011,39(7):1712-1716.NIU Jie,LIU Yongxiang,QIN Yuliang,et al.A new method of radar micro-motion feature extraction of cone target based on empirical mode decomposition[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2011,39(7):1712-1716.
[15]CHEN Daqing,XIE Sudao,WANG Yongchen,et al.Micromotion analysis based on HRRP sequence[C]//IET International Radar Conference.Xi'an China:IEEE Press,2013.
[16]MING Da,ZHOU Daiying.Precession parameters extraction of midcourse target based on HRRP sequence[C]//IEEE 4th International Conference on Electronics Information and Emergency Communication.Beijing China:IEEE Press,2013:156-159.
[17]毕莉,赵锋,高勋章,等.基于一维像序列的进动目标尺寸估计研究[J].电子与信息学报,2010,32(8):1825-1830.BI Li,ZHAO Feng,GAO Xunzhang,et al.Study on precessional target's dimension estimation based on HRRPs[J].Journal of Electronics&Information Technology,2010,32(8):1825-1830.
[18]JENG Y C,CROSBY P B.Sinewave parameter estimation algorithm with application to waveform digitizer effective bits measurement[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,1988,37(4):529-532.
[19]孙俊,戴蓓荷,刘洋.基于聚类中心GDA的一维距离像目标识别方法[J].现代雷达,2009,31(6):47-50.SUN Jun,DAI Beihe,LIU Yang.HRRP target recognition method based on cluster centers for GDA[J].Moder Radar,2009,31(6):47-50.
[20]冯德军.弹道中段目标雷达识别与评估研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学,2006.FENG Dejun.Study on radar target recognition and its evaluation in ballistic midcourse[D].Changsha:National University of Defense Technology,2006.
[21]PERSOON E,FU K S.Shape discrimination using Fourier descriptors[J].IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man and Cybernetics,1977,7(3):170-179.
[22]ESHBAUGH J V.HUSIR signal processing[J].Lincoln Laboratory Journal,2014,21(1):115-134.
[23]黄培康,殷红成,许小剑.雷达目标特性[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.HUANG Peikang,YIN Hongcheng,XU Xiaojian.Radar target characteristics[M].Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2005.
[24]郭桂蓉,庄钊文,陈曾平.电磁特征抽取与目标识别[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1996.GUO Guirong,ZHUANG Zhaowen,CHEN Zengping.Electromagnetic signature extraction and target recognition[M].Changsha:Publishing House of National University of Defense Technology,1996.
[25]陈强.雷达极化中若干理论问题研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学,2010.CHEN Qiang.Study on theoretical problems in radar polarimetry[D].Changsha:National University of Defense Technology,2010.
[26]WEINBERGER K Q,FEI S,SAUL L K.Convex optimizations for distance metric learning and pattern classification[J].IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,2010,27(3):146-158.
[27]FRIEDMAN N,GEIGER D,GOLDSZMIDT M.Bayesian network classifiers[J].Machine Learning,1997,29(2):131-163.
[28]郭桂蓉.模糊模式识别[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1992.GUO Guirong.Fuzzy pattern recognition[M].Changsha:Publishing House of National University of Defense Technology,1992.
[29]VAPNIK V N.The nature of statistical learning theory[M].New York:Springer,2000.
[30]TAX D M J,DUIN R P W.Support vector data description[J].Machine Learning,2004,54(1):45-66.
[31]DUDA R O,HART P,STORK D.Pattern classification[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,2001.
[32]YAGER R R.On the dempster-shafer framework and new combination rules[J].Information Science,1987,41(2):93-137.
[33]INAGAKI T.Interdependence between safety-control policy and multiple sensor schemes via dempster-shafer theory[J].IEEE Transaction on Reliability,1991,40(2):182-188.
[34]孙全,叶秀清,顾伟康.一种新的基于证据理论的合成公式[J].电子学报,2000,28(8):117-119.SUN Quan,YE Xiuqing,GU Weikang.A new combination rules of evidence theory[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2000,28(8):117-119.
[35]MURPHY C K.Combining belief functions when evidence conflicts[J].Decision Support Systems,2000,29(1):1-9.
[36]JOUSSELME A L,GRENIER D,BOSSE E.A new distance between two bodies of evidence[J].Information Fusion,2001(2):91-101.