比较优势视角下城市科技创新能力竞优评价——以郑洛新国家示范区为例
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摘要
城市科技创新能力比较优势是提升区域竞争力的必备条件,针对其现有评价方法的不足,提出了一种基于比较优势判别的评价方法。该方法以竞优理论为基础,以客观确定的权重值作为城市个体优势,识别出郑洛新国家示范区内城市的比较优势、综合评价优势和模式优势。研究发现:从城市个体角度,郑州在5个方面具有优势,均衡发展,而洛阳的优势体现在知识创新能力和企业创新能力方面;从最有利于发挥城市科技创新能力角度,郑州、新乡、济源均位居第一名;从综合优势角度,郑州、洛阳、焦作分别位居前三名。此外,从模式优势角度,分别形成了以郑州为代表的企业创新能力和知识创新能力优势城市群、以新乡市为代表的创新主体间联系优势城市群、以安阳市为代表的企业创新能力优势城市群和以三门峡市为代表的创新环境优化能力优势城市群。
The comparative advantage of urban sci-tech innovation capacity is essential to improving regional competitiveness. In view of the shortcomings of the existing evaluation methods,the paper puts forward a evaluation method based on comparative advantage identification according to the theory of competitive advantage.This method takes the objectively-determined weight value as the urban individual superiority,and identifies the comparative advantage,comprehensive evaluation advantage and mode advantage of Zheng Luoxin National Demonstration Zone. The research shows that Zhengzhou has advantages in five aspects viewed from urban individual angle and its development is very balanced,while Luoyang's advantages lie in knowledge innovation ability and enterprise innovation ability; Zhengzhou,Xinxiang and Jiyuan are ranked first from the standpoint of giving full play to urban sci-tech innovation ability; from the perspective of comprehensive advantages,Zhengzhou,Luoyang and Jiaozuo are ranked top three respectively. In addition,from the point of view of pattern superiority,the urban agglomeration of enterprise innovation ability and knowledge innovation ability has been formed represented by Zhengzhou,the urban agglomeration with the advantage of innovation subject contact represented by Xinxiang,the urban agglomeration of enterprise innovation capability represented by Anyang and the urban agglomeration with the advantage of innovative environment optimization ability represented by Sanmenxia.
The comparative advantage of urban sci-tech innovation capacity is essential to improving regional competitiveness. In view of the shortcomings of the existing evaluation methods,the paper puts forward a evaluation method based on comparative advantage identification according to the theory of competitive advantage.This method takes the objectively-determined weight value as the urban individual superiority,and identifies the comparative advantage,comprehensive evaluation advantage and mode advantage of Zheng Luoxin National Demonstration Zone. The research shows that Zhengzhou has advantages in five aspects viewed from urban individual angle and its development is very balanced,while Luoyang's advantages lie in knowledge innovation ability and enterprise innovation ability; Zhengzhou,Xinxiang and Jiyuan are ranked first from the standpoint of giving full play to urban sci-tech innovation ability; from the perspective of comprehensive advantages,Zhengzhou,Luoyang and Jiaozuo are ranked top three respectively. In addition,from the point of view of pattern superiority,the urban agglomeration of enterprise innovation ability and knowledge innovation ability has been formed represented by Zhengzhou,the urban agglomeration with the advantage of innovation subject contact represented by Xinxiang,the urban agglomeration of enterprise innovation capability represented by Anyang and the urban agglomeration with the advantage of innovative environment optimization ability represented by Sanmenxia.
引文
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[2]梁正.从科技政策到科技与创新政策:创新驱动发展战略下的政策范式转型与思考[J].科学学研究,2017,35(2):170-176.
[3]叶文显.西安市科技创新能力及其绩效评价[J].科技管理研究,2017,37(11):86-91.
[4]张振山,赵新力,王丹,等.基于直接评价法的省域科技创新竞争力及其影响因素研究[J].科技管理研究,2016,36(7):76-82.
[5]黄亮,王振,范斐.基于突变级数模型的长江经济带50座城市科技创新能力测度与分析[J].统计与信息论坛,2017,32(4):73-80.
[6]肖松,查晶晶,张春强,等.提升湖北区域创新创业能力的实证研究[J].科技管理研究,2017,37(15):81-88.
[7]张永凯,薛波.上海与深圳城市科技创新能力差异及创新模式比较分析[J].科技管理研究,2017,37(11):71-77.
[8]SONN J W,KANG H.Bureaucratic rationale and use of an academic concept in policymaking:The rise and fall of the regional innovation system in South Korea[J].Regional Studies,2016,50(3):540-552.
[9]张春强,孙娟,赵可,等.武汉城市圈区域科技创新能力评价实证研究[J].科技管理研究,2015,35(5):88-93.
[10]武春友,郭玲玲,于惊涛.基于TOPSIS-灰色关联分析的区域绿色增长系统评价模型及实证[J].管理评论,2017,29(1):228-239.
[11]陶雪飞.城市科技创新综合能力评价指标体系及实证研究[J].经济地理,2013,33(10):16-19.
[12]赵希男,温馨,王艳梅.基于个性优势特征分析的区域创新能力评价与分析[J].科学学研究,2009,27(3):473-480.
[13]赵希男,王艳梅,温馨.基于个性优势特征分析的区域科技能力评价[J].科学学研究,2007,25(6):1104-1111.
[14]赵希男,王艳梅,靖可.基于个性优势特征识别的区域科技发展模式分析方法及应用[J].管理学报,2009,6(4):541-545.
[15]罗煜.郑洛新城市科技创新能力评价:兼论郑洛新国家自主创新示范区建设[J].技术经济,2017,36(1):90-95.