考虑分布式储能参与的直流配电网电压柔性控制策略
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摘要
针对多节点直流配电网电压稳定性差且控制困难的问题,提出一种考虑分布式储能参与的直流配电网电压柔性控制策略。首先,分析直流配电网的拓扑结构,指出了现有控制策略在多节点电压调节方面的不足以及分布式储能参与调压的可行性。其次,推导配电网中交直流接口的电压-频率耦合关系以及双向直流接口的级联下垂特性。针对配电网端口交直流断面,将交流电网的频率波动经虚拟惯性作用与直流电压波动建立联系,生成虚拟电压差以控制储能响应频率波动,减小直流配电网的接入对交流电网的影响。针对配电网-微网变流器断面,依据接口类型的不同设计分布式储能单元的控制策略,使其响应配电网节点电压的变化,增强功率波动时直流电压动态稳定性,减小配电网运行模式切换的可能性。该策略仅需本地节点信息,无需通信,可扩展性好。最后,建立典型的两端直流配电网的仿真模型,通过系统仿真证明了所提柔性电压控制策略的有效性。
Aiming at the difficulty of voltage control and poor stability for DC distribution network with multiple nodes, a novel flexible voltage control strategy considering distributed energy storage(DES) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the topology structure is analyzed. The disadvantages of existing voltage control method and feasibility of voltage regulation with DES are analyzed. Secondly, the voltage-frequency relationship of AC-DC interface and cascading droop characteristic of bidirectional DC-DC interface are deduced. For terminal AC-DC interface, based on the relationship between virtual inertia and the DC voltage fluctuations, the virtual voltage variation is utilized to control energy storage to compensate frequency drop, hence the impacts on grid can be reduced. For interfaces between distribution network and microgrids, the control strategies of DES are designed in accordance with the type of interface. As a result, the DES can respond to voltage change, enforce the dynamic stability of network voltage, and reduce the possibility of DC network operation mode change. The strategy is independent of communication with scalability. Finally, a dual-terminal DC distribution network model is established. The simulation results validate feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed voltage control strategy.
Aiming at the difficulty of voltage control and poor stability for DC distribution network with multiple nodes, a novel flexible voltage control strategy considering distributed energy storage(DES) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the topology structure is analyzed. The disadvantages of existing voltage control method and feasibility of voltage regulation with DES are analyzed. Secondly, the voltage-frequency relationship of AC-DC interface and cascading droop characteristic of bidirectional DC-DC interface are deduced. For terminal AC-DC interface, based on the relationship between virtual inertia and the DC voltage fluctuations, the virtual voltage variation is utilized to control energy storage to compensate frequency drop, hence the impacts on grid can be reduced. For interfaces between distribution network and microgrids, the control strategies of DES are designed in accordance with the type of interface. As a result, the DES can respond to voltage change, enforce the dynamic stability of network voltage, and reduce the possibility of DC network operation mode change. The strategy is independent of communication with scalability. Finally, a dual-terminal DC distribution network model is established. The simulation results validate feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed voltage control strategy.
引文
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[15]杨艳红,裴玮,邓卫,等.计及蓄电池储能寿命影响的微电网日前调度优化[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(22):172-180.Yang Yanhong,Pei Wei,Deng Wei,et al.Day-ahead scheduling optimization for microgrid with battery life model[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(22):172-180.
[16]Zhou H,Bhattacharya T,Tran D,et al.Composite energy storage system involving battery and ultracapacitor with dynamic energy management in microgrid applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(3):923-930.
[17]Liu Baoquan,Zhuo Fang,Zhu Yixin,et al.System operation and energy management of a renewable energy-based DC micro-grid for high penetration depth application[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(3):1147-1155.
[18]韩永霞,何秋萍,赵宇明,等.采用柔性直流技术的智能配电网接入交流电网方式[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(13):141-146.Han Yongxia,He Qiuping,Zhao Yuming,et al.Access mode of intelligent distribution network to AC network based on flexible DC technology[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(13):141-146.
[19]支娜,张辉,肖曦.提高直流微电网动态特性的改进下垂控制策略研究[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(3):31-39.Zhi Na,Zhang Hui,Xiao Xi.Research on the improved droop control strategy for improving the dynamic characteristics of DC microgrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(3):31-39.
[20]兰征,涂春鸣,肖凡,等.电力电子变压器对交直流混合微网功率控制的研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(23):50-57.Lan Zheng,Tu Chunming,Xiao Fan,et al.The power control of power electronic transformer in hybrid AC-DC microgrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(23):50-57.
[21]季一润,袁志昌,赵剑锋,等.一种适用于柔性直流配电网的电压控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(2):335-341.Ji Yirun,Yuan Zhichang,Zhao Jianfeng,et al.A suitable voltage control strategy for DC distribution power network[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(2):335-341.
[22]朱晓荣,蔡杰,王毅,等.风储直流微网虚拟惯性控制技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):49-58.Zhu Xiaorong,Cai Jie,Wang Yi,et al.Virtual inertia control of wind-battery-based DC micro-grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):49-58.
[2]麻常辉,潘志远,刘超男,等.基于自适应下垂控制的风光储微网调频研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(23):21-27.Ma Changhui,Pan Zhiyuan,Liu Chaonan,et al.Frequency regulation research of wind-PV-ES hybrid micro-grid system based on adaptive droop control[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(23):21-27.
[3]Tan K T,So P L,Chu Y C,et al.Coordinated control and energy management of distributed generation inverters in a microgrid[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(2):704-713.
[4]周逢权,黄伟.直流配电网系统关键技术探讨[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(22):62-67.Zhou Fengquan,Huang Wei.Study on the key technology of DC distribution power network[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(22):62-67.
[5]宋强,赵彪,刘文华,等.智能直流配电网研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(25):9-19.Song Qiang,Zhao Biao,Liu Wenhua,et al.An overview of research on smart DC distribution power network[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(25):9-19.
[6]Sannino A,Postiglione G,Bollen M H J.Feasibility of a DC network for commercial facilities[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2003,39(5):1499-1507.
[7]江道灼,郑欢.直流配电网研究现状与展望[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(8):98-104.Jiang Daozhuo,Zheng Huan.Research status and developing prospect of DC distribution network[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(8):98-104.
[8]蒋智化,刘连光,刘自发,等.直流配电网功率控制策略与电压波动研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(4):919-926.Jiang Zhihua,Liu Lianguang,Liu Zifa,et al.Research on power flow control and the voltage fluctuation characteristics of DC distribution networks based on different control strategies[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(4):919-926.
[9]徐政.柔性直流输电系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2013.
[10]Jiang H,Ekstrom A.Multiterminal HVDC systems in urban areas of large cities[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1998,13(4):1278-1284.
[11]罗永捷,李耀华,王平,等.多端柔性直流输电系统下垂控制PV特性曲线时域分析[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(增刊1):408-415.Luo Yongjie,Li Yaohua,Wang Ping,et al.Time-domain analysis of P-V characteristic for droop control strategy of VSC-MTDC transmission system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(S1):408-415.
[12]Xiao J,Wang P,Setyawan L.Multilevel energy management system for hybridization of energy storages in DC microgrids[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2016,7(2):847-856.
[13]Cvetkovic I,Boroyevich D,Dong D,et al.Dynamic interactions in hybrid AC/DC electronic power distribution systems[C]//IEEE 8th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia(ICPE&ECCE),Jeju,Korea,2011:2121-2128.
[14]黄际元,李欣然,曹一家,等.考虑储能参与快速调频动作时机与深度的容量配置方法[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(12):454-464.Huang Jiyuan,Li Xinran,Cao Yijia,et al.Capacity allocation of energy storage system considering its action moment and output depth in rapid frequency regulation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(12):454-464.
[15]杨艳红,裴玮,邓卫,等.计及蓄电池储能寿命影响的微电网日前调度优化[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(22):172-180.Yang Yanhong,Pei Wei,Deng Wei,et al.Day-ahead scheduling optimization for microgrid with battery life model[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(22):172-180.
[16]Zhou H,Bhattacharya T,Tran D,et al.Composite energy storage system involving battery and ultracapacitor with dynamic energy management in microgrid applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(3):923-930.
[17]Liu Baoquan,Zhuo Fang,Zhu Yixin,et al.System operation and energy management of a renewable energy-based DC micro-grid for high penetration depth application[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(3):1147-1155.
[18]韩永霞,何秋萍,赵宇明,等.采用柔性直流技术的智能配电网接入交流电网方式[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(13):141-146.Han Yongxia,He Qiuping,Zhao Yuming,et al.Access mode of intelligent distribution network to AC network based on flexible DC technology[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(13):141-146.
[19]支娜,张辉,肖曦.提高直流微电网动态特性的改进下垂控制策略研究[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(3):31-39.Zhi Na,Zhang Hui,Xiao Xi.Research on the improved droop control strategy for improving the dynamic characteristics of DC microgrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(3):31-39.
[20]兰征,涂春鸣,肖凡,等.电力电子变压器对交直流混合微网功率控制的研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(23):50-57.Lan Zheng,Tu Chunming,Xiao Fan,et al.The power control of power electronic transformer in hybrid AC-DC microgrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(23):50-57.
[21]季一润,袁志昌,赵剑锋,等.一种适用于柔性直流配电网的电压控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(2):335-341.Ji Yirun,Yuan Zhichang,Zhao Jianfeng,et al.A suitable voltage control strategy for DC distribution power network[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(2):335-341.
[22]朱晓荣,蔡杰,王毅,等.风储直流微网虚拟惯性控制技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):49-58.Zhu Xiaorong,Cai Jie,Wang Yi,et al.Virtual inertia control of wind-battery-based DC micro-grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):49-58.