基于位置感知和位移复用的示功图传感系统设计
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摘要
针对现有油井示功图传感系统不能适应低冲次油井、位移精度低等问题,设计了基于位置感知和位移复用的高精度示功图传感系统。通过对大量真实示功图数据进行分析,得出了在不改变油井冲程的情况下位移轨迹一致的结论,提出了利用位置感知和位移复用实现高精度示功图采集的方案,详细介绍了该传感系统的硬件组成和关键软件算法。通过对该传感系统在油田现场采集的真实数据进行分析,结果表明,该传感系统工作稳定可靠,能够适应的最低冲次达到0.2次/min,冲程及位移误差小于1%。与其他类型示功图传感系统相比具有明显的优势,完全满足油田生产对示功图采集系统适用范围和精度的要求。
The current indicator diagram sensing system of rod pumping well is not suitable for the pumping well at a low pumping speed, and the displacement accuracy is low. To overcome the shortcomings of the existing measuring equipment, an automatic indicator diagram sensing system with high precision displacement is designed. By analyzing a large amount of the data from the indicator diagram, it can be concluded that the motion trajectoriesof the polish rod are similar when the strokes are identical. An automatic acquisition method of high precision indicator diagram is proposed by using position sensing and displacement multiplexing, and the hardware composition and the key software of the sensing system are introduced in detail.Through analysis of the real data collected by the sensing system in the oil field, the results show that the sensing system is stable and reliable, and the lowest stroke can reach 0.2 times per minute.Moreover, the error of the stroke and the displacement is less than 1%. Compared with other types of indicator diagram sensing system, it has obvious advantages, and it completely satisfies the requirements of the indicator diagram acquisition system with wide-range pumping speed and high precision for the oil field.
The current indicator diagram sensing system of rod pumping well is not suitable for the pumping well at a low pumping speed, and the displacement accuracy is low. To overcome the shortcomings of the existing measuring equipment, an automatic indicator diagram sensing system with high precision displacement is designed. By analyzing a large amount of the data from the indicator diagram, it can be concluded that the motion trajectoriesof the polish rod are similar when the strokes are identical. An automatic acquisition method of high precision indicator diagram is proposed by using position sensing and displacement multiplexing, and the hardware composition and the key software of the sensing system are introduced in detail.Through analysis of the real data collected by the sensing system in the oil field, the results show that the sensing system is stable and reliable, and the lowest stroke can reach 0.2 times per minute.Moreover, the error of the stroke and the displacement is less than 1%. Compared with other types of indicator diagram sensing system, it has obvious advantages, and it completely satisfies the requirements of the indicator diagram acquisition system with wide-range pumping speed and high precision for the oil field.
引文
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[18] 彭健,李董波,徐志强,等.一种改进的功图量油技术的研究与应用[J].计算技术与自动化,2015,34(3):136-140.PENG J,LI D B,XU ZH Q,et al.Research and application on an improved oil metering technology based on dynamometer card [J].Computing Technology and Automation,2015,34(3):136-140.
[19] 杨伟.功图法在油井产量计量中的应用研究[J].中国工程机械学报,2011,4(3):4- 8.YANG W.The research of using dynamometer card to evaluate the production of oil wells [J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2011,4(3):4- 8.
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[2] 何岩峰,吴晓东,韩国庆,等.示功图频谱分析新方法[J].石油学报,2008,29(4):619- 624.HE Y F,WU X D,HAN G Q,et al.Frequency spectrum analysis method for recognition of dynamometer card[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(4):619- 624.
[3] GIBBS S G,NEELY A B.Computer diagnosis of down-hole conditions in sucker rod pumping wells [J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1966,18(1):91-98.
[4] LIU G,JIANG C,ZHOU M C.Two simple deadlock prevention policies for S3PR based on key resource/operation-place pairs [J].IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering,2010,7(4):945-957.
[5] 徐琨,刘宏立,马子骥,等.容忍多径效应的无线传感网络测距算法[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(10):2461- 2468.XU K,LIU H L,MA Z J,et al.Multipath-tolerant ranging algorithm in underground tunnel for wireless sensor networks [J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2007,28(4):682- 686.
[6] 黄庆卿,汤宝平,邓蕾,等.机械振动无线传感网络数据分块无损压缩方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2015,36(7):1605-1610.HUANG Q Q,TANG B P,DENG L,et al.Data block-based lossless compression for machine vibration wireless sensor networks[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2015,36(7):1605-1610.
[7] EMEKA E E,ABRAHAM O F.A survey of system architecture requirements for health care-based wireless sensor networks[J].Sensors,2011,11(5):4875- 4898.
[8] FERNANDO L,ANTONIO-JAVIER G,FELIPE G,et al.A comprehensive approach to WSN-based ITS applications:A survey[J].Sensors,2011,11(11):10220-10265.
[9] 钱志鸿,王义君.物联网技术与应用研究[J].电子学报,2012,40(5):1023-1029.QIAN Z H,WANG Y J.IoT technology and application[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2012,40(5):1023-1029.
[10] 仲志丹,马利丹.基于多传感器融合的抽油机运动周期的研究[J].现代电子技术,2017,40(16):22- 28.ZHONG ZH D,MA L D.Research on motion period of pumping unit based on multi-sensor fusion [J].Modern Electronics Technique,2017,40(16):22- 28.
[11] 杨遂军,张炜,傅琳,等.基于粗糙集的多传感器联合燃爆辨识技术[J].仪器仪表学报,2014,35(6):1254-1260.YANG S J,ZHANG W,FU L,et al.Deflagration identification of multi-sensor based on rough set theory[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2014,35(6):1254-1260.
[12] 史露强,何怡刚,罗旗舞,等.基于传感器数据融合的倾斜角度测量方法研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(7):1684-1689.SHI L Q,HE Y G,LUO Q W,et al.Research on the measurement method of tilt angle based on sensor data fusion[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2017,38(7):1684-1689.
[13] 董丽丽,杨德山,许文海,等.手提盘煤仪的动态俯仰角获取方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2016,37(6):1241-1247.DONG L L,YANG D SH,XU W H,et al.Dynamic pitch angle measurement for portable coal inventory instrument[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2016,37(6):1241-1247.
[14] 李云飞,吴仲城,吴宝元,等.用于抽油机井示功仪的载荷位移一体化智能变送器[J].仪表技术与传感器,2012(2):15-17.LI Y F,WU ZH CH,WU B Y,et al.Development of intelligent load and displacement integrated transducer used in dynamometer of oil pump well[J].Instrument Technique and Sensor,2012(2):15-17.
[15] 潘大伟,于云华.一种用于抽油机的双模式无线示功仪设计[J].传感器与微系统,2015,34(9):61- 64.PAN D W,YU Y H.Design of a kind of dual-mode wireless dynamometer for well pumping unit[J].Transducer and Microsystem Technologies,2015,34(9):61- 64.
[16] 彭健,徐志强,周志权.基于传感器技术的有杆抽油井示功仪的研究[J].传感技术学报,2012,25(12):1701-1705.PENG J,XU ZH Q,ZHOU ZH Q.Design of dynamometer based on sensor technology[J].Chinese Journalof Sensorsand Actuators,2012,25(12):1701-1705.
[17] 孙治博,刘晋浩,于春战.一种六维加速度传感器的测量属性分析[J].仪器仪表学报,2016,37(2):467- 473.SUN ZH B,LIU J H,YU CH ZH.Research on measuring characteristic for a six-axis accelerometer[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2016,37(2):467- 473.
[18] 彭健,李董波,徐志强,等.一种改进的功图量油技术的研究与应用[J].计算技术与自动化,2015,34(3):136-140.PENG J,LI D B,XU ZH Q,et al.Research and application on an improved oil metering technology based on dynamometer card [J].Computing Technology and Automation,2015,34(3):136-140.
[19] 杨伟.功图法在油井产量计量中的应用研究[J].中国工程机械学报,2011,4(3):4- 8.YANG W.The research of using dynamometer card to evaluate the production of oil wells [J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2011,4(3):4- 8.
[20] 薛建泉,岳广韬,张国栋.抽油机井地面示功图量油技术研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2012,34(3):61- 66.XUE J Q,YUE G T,ZHANG G D.Study on the output metering technology for rod pumped well based on ground dynamometer card [J].Oil Drilling & Production Technology,2012,34(3):61- 66.